Professor Niu Lizhi brings _doctor_1687_years_ of oncological experience, having performed 10,000+ cryosurgeries and pioneering China's first NanoKnife procedures. The radical mastectomy package at Fuda Cancer Hospital typically costs around $10,000 USD – covering surgery, extended blood analysis, three nights hospital stay, three nights hotel accommodation, and transfers. This JCI-accredited hospital specializes in late-stage cancers, with Professor Niu serving as president and vice-president of international cryosurgery societies.
Fuda Cancer Hospital is a JCI-accredited oncology center in Guangzhou, China. It specializes in advanced and late-stage cancer, using cryosurgery, NanoKnife, and combined immunotherapy instead of chemo. Over 30,000 patients from more than 100 countries have sought treatment here.
Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center (SYSUCC) is a university hospital in Guangzhou, China. It is one of the country's largest integrated cancer centers. The center treats adults and children across 35 clinical departments. Major specialties include medical oncology, radiation oncology, and neurosurgery. The neurosurgery team performs about 1,400 procedures each year.
The center opened in 1964 as a specialized tumor hospital. In 2023, it managed over 1.84 million outpatient visits. Surgeons performed more than 45,000 operations that same year. SYSUCC runs two campuses with 2,247 ward beds and 42 operating rooms. It has been a UICC member since 2012.
The hospital uses four da Vinci robots for minimally invasive surgery. Other technologies include CyberKnife and proton-beam therapy. SYSUCC was among the first Chinese hospitals to adopt digital pathology. It also has a dedicated radionuclide production and nuclear medicine unit. International patients get support through a specialized International Medical Center.
","text_type":"short_description","reviews":[],"clinic":{"id":8343,"alias":"sun-yat-sen-university-cancer-center-sysucc","name":"Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center (SYSUCC)","short_description":"Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center (SYSUCC) is a university hospital in Guangzhou, China. It is one of the country's largest integrated cancer centers. The center treats adults and children across 35 clinical departments. Major specialties include medical oncology, radiation oncology, and neurosurgery. The neurosurgery team performs about 1,400 procedures each year.
The center opened in 1964 as a specialized tumor hospital. In 2023, it managed over 1.84 million outpatient visits. Surgeons performed more than 45,000 operations that same year. SYSUCC runs two campuses with 2,247 ward beds and 42 operating rooms. It has been a UICC member since 2012.
The hospital uses four da Vinci robots for minimally invasive surgery. Other technologies include CyberKnife and proton-beam therapy. SYSUCC was among the first Chinese hospitals to adopt digital pathology. It also has a dedicated radionuclide production and nuclear medicine unit. International patients get support through a specialized International Medical Center.
","images":[{"base_url":"clinic/6a6cf96aee095","title":"Modern clinic building of Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center in Guangzhou, China"},{"base_url":"clinic/6a6cf96c5f042","title":"Reception desk at Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, modern hospital interior"},{"base_url":"clinic/6a6cf96dbe79d","title":"Dental treatment room with modern equipment at Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center"},{"base_url":"clinic/6a6cf96f2e6c0","title":"Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center exterior in Guangzhou, China"}],"flags":[{"name":"is_hide","value":false},{"name":"is_created_by_parser","value":true}],"geo":{"country":{"name":"China","id":203,"alias":"china","iso_code":"CN"},"city":{"name":"Guangzhou","id":390,"alias":"guangzhou"},"address":"651 Dongfeng East Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou 510060, P. R. China"},"rating":{"rating":0,"google":4,"percent_of_satisfied_clients":0},"statistics":{"number_of_reviews":0,"doctors_number":91,"year_foundation":1964},"accreditations":[{"logo":"https://s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/bookimed/accreditations/5d1129badf6c5.jpeg","name":"European Society for Medical Oncology","country_code":"CH"},{"logo":"https://s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/bookimed/accreditations/5cfa0ad8c533a.jpeg","name":"Joint Commission International ","country_code":"US"},{"logo":"https://s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/bookimed/accreditations/5d88caba297f8.jpeg","name":"Fellow, American College of Surgeons","country_code":"US"}]}}],"meta":{"total_count":2,"total_pages":1}},"clinicsMeta":{"total_count":2,"total_pages":1},"clinicsCount":2,"clinicsCountByEntity":{"clinic_count":160},"doctors":{"doctors":[{"doctor":{"id":15269,"alias":"luo-xiaoping","name":"Luo Xiaoping","clinic_id":8327,"photo":"doctor/6a73f584b563f","first_year_working":1985,"created_at":"2026-08-06T02:46:25.456+00:00","short_description":"Professor Luo Xiaoping is a nationally recognized interventional radiologist and a leading authority in Western China. He began pioneering vascular interventions in the early 1990s. He helped found the Interventional Group at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University.
\nHe has completed over 100,000 interventional procedures, including about 4,000 complex cases. His key skills include TACE for hepatocellular carcinoma, Budd–Chiari interventions, TIPS, and single-stage bilateral stenting for hilar biliary obstruction, with success rates near 100%. He has been a master’s supervisor since 2007. He has trained many physicians, guided complex cases at more than 40 major hospitals across Western China, and helped build interventional programs. He has published 32 papers as first or corresponding author (22 CSCD core, 4 Chinese core, 6 CSCD extended).
","specialities":[{"id":"onc.001","name":"Clinical oncologist","illness_kind_id":10},{"id":"onc.002","name":"Gynecologic oncologist","illness_kind_id":10},{"id":"onc.003","name":"Orthopedic oncologist","illness_kind_id":10},{"id":"onc.004","name":"Neurooncologist","illness_kind_id":10}],"statistics":{}},"clinic":{"id":8327,"alias":"uni-asia-hospital","name":"Uni-asia Cancer hospital","short_description":"Uni-asia Cancer Hospital is a private single-specialty medical center located in Chengdu, China, dedicated to oncology, including interventional therapy for liver cancer. A patient with liver cancer achieved complete recovery following interventional therapy at the hospital, an exceptionally rare outcome documented in the medical records.
Uni-asia Cancer Hospital serves adults only and treats 20,000 patients every year, with patients coming most often from Arab League states, Europe, and the United States.
","images":[{"base_url":"clinic/6a6964fa14866","title":"Clinic facade of Uni-Asia Cancer Hospital with modern exterior and landscaped greenery"},{"base_url":"clinic/6a6966d0194c1","title":"Waiting area at Uni-asia Cancer Hospital with modern seating and large windows"},{"base_url":"clinic/6a6966fc54607","title":"Uni-asia Cancer Hospital exterior wall with slogan and panda statues"},{"base_url":"clinic/6a696726f0bc9","title":"Patient room at Uni-asia Cancer Hospital with modern bed and sofa"}],"flags":[{"name":"has_active_agencies","value":true},{"name":"is_hide","value":false}],"geo":{"country":{"name":"China","id":203,"alias":"china","iso_code":"CN"},"city":{"name":"Chengdu","id":2693,"alias":"chengdu"},"address":"China, Si Chuan Sheng, Cheng Du Shi, Cheng Hua Qu, Huai Shu Dian Lu, 40-268号成都汇康中西医结合医院 邮政编码: 610058"},"rating":{"rating":0,"google":4.5,"percent_of_satisfied_clients":0},"statistics":{"number_of_reviews":0,"doctors_number":25,"year_foundation":2011},"accreditations":[]}},{"doctor":{"id":15283,"alias":"he-weibing","name":"He Weibing","clinic_id":8327,"photo":"doctor/6a7428d24a767","first_year_working":2000,"created_at":"2026-08-06T06:25:18.729+00:00","short_description":"Dr. He Weibing is a pioneer of argon-helium cryoablation in China with more than 20 years of frontline practice. He was a founding member of Fuda Cancer Hospital (Guangzhou). He co-founded its Minimally Invasive Tumor Treatment Center and served as Executive Deputy Director. He also helped found the Ablation Group of the China Anti-Cancer Association. He has been the primary operator in more than 10,000 procedures.
\nHe specializes in tumor cryoablation and is proficient in 125I seed brachytherapy, with a focus on liver and lung cancers. He proposed ten argon-helium techniques. Key co-authored data include: lung cryotherapy n=508; NSCLC n=120 (CR 25.5%, PR 41.8%, 6/12/24-month survival 64%/55%/36%); pancreatic cancer n=38 (median survival 12 months). He served on editorial boards in 2008 and 2010. He has been a national trainer for Varian and Boston Scientific since 2001.
","specialities":[{"id":"onc.001","name":"Clinical oncologist","illness_kind_id":10},{"id":"onc.002","name":"Gynecologic oncologist","illness_kind_id":10},{"id":"onc.003","name":"Orthopedic oncologist","illness_kind_id":10},{"id":"onc.004","name":"Neurooncologist","illness_kind_id":10}],"statistics":{}},"clinic":{"id":8327,"alias":"uni-asia-hospital","name":"Uni-asia Cancer hospital","short_description":"Uni-asia Cancer Hospital is a private single-specialty medical center located in Chengdu, China, dedicated to oncology, including interventional therapy for liver cancer. A patient with liver cancer achieved complete recovery following interventional therapy at the hospital, an exceptionally rare outcome documented in the medical records.
Uni-asia Cancer Hospital serves adults only and treats 20,000 patients every year, with patients coming most often from Arab League states, Europe, and the United States.
","images":[{"base_url":"clinic/6a6964fa14866","title":"Clinic facade of Uni-Asia Cancer Hospital with modern exterior and landscaped greenery"},{"base_url":"clinic/6a6966d0194c1","title":"Waiting area at Uni-asia Cancer Hospital with modern seating and large windows"},{"base_url":"clinic/6a6966fc54607","title":"Uni-asia Cancer Hospital exterior wall with slogan and panda statues"},{"base_url":"clinic/6a696726f0bc9","title":"Patient room at Uni-asia Cancer Hospital with modern bed and sofa"}],"flags":[{"name":"has_active_agencies","value":true},{"name":"is_hide","value":false}],"geo":{"country":{"name":"China","id":203,"alias":"china","iso_code":"CN"},"city":{"name":"Chengdu","id":2693,"alias":"chengdu"},"address":"China, Si Chuan Sheng, Cheng Du Shi, Cheng Hua Qu, Huai Shu Dian Lu, 40-268号成都汇康中西医结合医院 邮政编码: 610058"},"rating":{"rating":0,"google":4.5,"percent_of_satisfied_clients":0},"statistics":{"number_of_reviews":0,"doctors_number":25,"year_foundation":2011},"accreditations":[]}},{"doctor":{"id":1687,"alias":"niu-lizhi","name":"Niu Lizhi","clinic_id":436,"photo":"doctor/5c62ef8b29de9","first_year_working":1996,"created_at":"2018-12-27T15:56:04.000+00:00","short_description":"Dr. Niu Lizhi is the President and chief surgeon at Fuda Cancer Hospital in Guangzhou. He has performed nearly 10,000 cryosurgeries and 500 NanoKnife procedures. Dr. Niu specializes in minimally invasive oncology for lung, pancreatic, and liver cancers. He treats patients ranging from early childhood through age 94.
Fuda Cancer Hospital is a JCI-accredited oncology center in Guangzhou, China. It specializes in advanced and late-stage cancer, using cryosurgery, NanoKnife, and combined immunotherapy instead of chemo. Over 30,000 patients from more than 100 countries have sought treatment here.
Li Guiyuan, MD, is Chief Physician in the Department of Medical Oncology at Shanghai Tongji Hospital. He has practiced oncology since 1996 and has more than 20 years of experience. He earned a master’s degree in Oncology from Nanjing University in 2003. He has worked in the hospital’s Oncology Department since then.
\nHis clinical work includes chemotherapy for lung, breast, ovarian, and gastrointestinal cancers. He also provides targeted and anti‑angiogenic therapies for malignant tumours. He manages malignant pleural and peritoneal effusions and bone metastases with multimodal care, including immunotherapy.
\nHe has authored more than 10 basic and clinical papers, including “Tumour Hypoxia and Its Therapeutic Strategies” and “Establishment of Tumour Model with B16 Melanoma Cell Line of C57BL/6 Mice in ICR Mice.” He received the Medical Achievement Award from the General Logistics Department of the PLA for “Research and Application of Early‑diagnosis and Prediction Model for Metastasis of Non‑small‑cell Lung Cancer.” He co‑authored “Evidence‑based Oncology Treatment” and “Handbook of Modern Evidence‑based Diagnosis and Treatment of Cancer.” He has also taken part in key projects of the National Natural Science Foundation of China.
","specialities":[{"id":"onc.001","name":"Clinical oncologist","illness_kind_id":10}],"statistics":{}},"clinic":{"id":7869,"alias":"tongji-hospital-international","name":"Shanghai Tongji Hospital, International Department","short_description":"Shanghai Tongji Hospital is a tertiary university-affiliated hospital in Shanghai, China, specializing in hematology and the treatment of blood cancers. The hospital is a leading center for CAR-T cell therapy, with more than 1,500 infusions performed and reported high remission rates in lymphoma patients. It provides advanced diagnostics and multidisciplinary care for complex hematological diseases, including leukemia, lymphoma, and multiple myeloma.
\n","images":[{"base_url":"clinic/6a17dee1c91e0","title":"Reception area at Tongji Hospital International Department, modern interior in Shanghai"},{"base_url":"clinic/6a17df3345940","title":"Patient room at Tongji Hospital International Department with hospital bed and medical equipment"},{"base_url":"clinic/6a17dfa6db083","title":"Waiting area at Tongji Hospital International Department with modern decor and plants"},{"base_url":"clinic/6a17dfbe2a67d","title":"Bright waiting area at Tongji Hospital International Department with modern seating and plants"}],"flags":[{"name":"has_active_agencies","value":true},{"name":"is_hide","value":false}],"geo":{"country":{"name":"China","id":203,"alias":"china","iso_code":"CN"},"city":{"name":"Shanghai","id":2015,"alias":"shanghai"},"address":"200 Renmin Ave, People's Square, Huang Pu Qu, Shang Hai Shi, China, 200003"},"rating":{"rating":0,"google":0,"percent_of_satisfied_clients":0},"statistics":{"number_of_reviews":0,"doctors_number":24,"year_foundation":2018},"accreditations":[]}},{"doctor":{"id":13921,"alias":"zhang-jinshan","name":"Zhang Jinshan","clinic_id":8327,"photo":"doctor/6a69babae5863","first_year_working":1985,"created_at":"2026-07-29T08:32:55.580+00:00","description":"Zhang Jinshan, male, China’s First M.D. in the Radiation Medicine, CCI (Chinese College of Interventionalists) Master Interventionalist, Director of the Department of Former Radiological Diagnosis at Chinese PLA General Hospital(No.3 in China) Ph.D. of Medicine, Nagasaki University, Japan.
1980–1985: Completed doctoral studies at Nagasaki University, Japan
1968–present: Department of Radiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital
1988: Third Prize of the Military Science and Technology Progress Award
1989–present: Member of Radiological Society of North America(RSNA)
1990–2009: Standing Committee Member of the Radiology and Therapeutic Radiology Committee of the PLA
1991: Second Prize of the Military Science and Technology Progress Award
1992–2008: Group Leader of the Group of Intervention of Chinese Journal of Radiology
1992–2015: Standing Editorial Board Member and Editorial Board Member of Journal of Interventional Radiology
1993: Granted the Lifetime Special Government Allowance of the State Council
1993–2012: Deputy Chief Editor of Chinese Journal of Medical Image Technology
1994: Third Prize of the Military Science and Technology Progress Award
1997: Second Prize of the Military Science and Technology Progress Award
1997–2009: Standing Member of Chinese Society of Radiology
1999: Third Prize of the Military Science and Technology Progress Award
1999–2010: Deputy Director Member of Chinese Society of Interventional Oncology
2002: Second Prize of the Military Science and Technology Progress Award
2005: Third Prize of the Military Science and Technology Progress Award
Member of Radiological Society of North America(RSNA)
Standing Member of Chinese Society of Radiology
Group Leader of the Group of Intervention of Chinese Journal of Radiology
Deputy Director Member of Chinese Society of Interventional Oncology
Director Member of Beijing Medical Association Society of Interventional Radiology
Deputy Chief Editor of Chinese Journal of Medical Image Technology
Standing Member of Professional Committee of Radiological Medicine of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army
Standing Editorial Board Member and Editorial Board Member of Journal of Interventional Radiology
Awarded the Special Government Allowance of the State Council
Awarded three Second Prizes and four Third Prizes for Military Science and Technology Progress.
Awarded the honorary title of “Chinese College of Interventionalists(CCI) Master Interventionalist”
Led multiple national and provincial/ministerial scientific research projects, including two projects funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and two projects funded by the Department of Science and Technology of Sichuan Province.
In the pioneering development of interventional medicine in China, Zhang Jinshan has been an indispensable founder and leading figure. As China’s first overseas-trained doctoral graduate in radiological medicine, he returned to China in the 1980s after completing his studies abroad and introduced cutting-edge international interventional technologies to the country. Over more than four decades of dedicated practice and research, he has helped propel Chinese interventional medicine from its infancy to a position at the forefront of the global field through his exceptional clinical expertise and profound academic accomplishments.
![\"zhang-jin-shan\"](\"https://huan-ya.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/media/mpp3o2my-3d1951d6.jpg\")
Professor Zhang Jinshan has long been dedicated to the field of medical imaging and has developed distinctive expertise in selective and superselective interventional diagnosis and treatment for solid tumors such as liver cancer, demonstrating exceptional technical proficiency and profound academic accomplishment. Beginning in the 1990s, he led his team in pioneering the clinical application and research of TIPSS and B-ORTO in China, filling major gaps in the domestic field and opening new paths for the interventional management of gastrointestinal bleeding caused by portal hypertension secondary to liver cirrhosis. In addition, he has made groundbreaking contributions to the interventional diagnosis and treatment of peripheral vascular diseases, as well as to preoperative embolization for spinal tumors.
![\"zhang-jin-shan\"](\"https://huan-ya.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/media/mpp3rdgs-a13c877f.jpg\")
In the field of liver cancer treatment, Professor Zhang Jinshan not only led the development of standardized treatment protocols for liver cancer but also pioneered Transcatheter Arterial Chemoembolization with temporary Hepatic Vein Thrombosis (TACE-THVO) for primary liver cancer, bringing the efficacy of interventional therapy to a new level. In recognition of his outstanding clinical and scientific contributions, he was awarded the honorary title of “Chinese Master of Interventional Radiology” at the 2019 annual conference of the Chinese College of Interventionalists.
![\"zhang-jin-shan\"](\"https://huan-ya.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/media/mpp3rsxb-30a7dc56.jpg\")
Professor Zhang Jinshan is not only a master clinician but also a driving force in the development of the discipline and a dedicated mentor in talent cultivation. He led his team in establishing one of China’s premier interventional therapy centers. As a doctoral supervisor, he has trained a large number of outstanding specialists and future leaders in interventional medicine, with many of his students and protégés now serving across the country. Academically, he has led multiple key national and military research projects, published more than 300 academic papers, and served as chief editor of three monographs, making remarkable contributions to the establishment of China’s academic framework for interventional medicine and the nationwide dissemination of its technologies.
![\"zhang-jin-shan\"](\"https://huan-ya.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/media/mpp3s6j1-ffdc9bd7.jpg\")
From the laboratory to the operating room, and from academic podiums to grassroots hospitals, Professor Zhang Jinshan has consistently upheld the principles of “pioneering, innovation, pragmatism, and compassion\". He has devoted his life to fulfilling the mission of a physician—relieving patients’ suffering through minimally invasive techniques and advancing the discipline through academic excellence—thereby establishing himself as a truly towering figure and one of the foremost authorities in the field of interventional medicine in China.
Professor Zhang Jinshan has achieved prolific academic accomplishments, having published over 300 academic papers covering areas such as interventional therapy for liver cancer, minimally invasive treatment of portal hypertension, interventional treatment of vascular diseases, and tumor ablation.
1. Zhang Jinshan, Wang Maoqiang. Experiments and Clinical Studies of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic stent shunt (TIPSS). Chinese Journal of Radiology, 1993，27（6）：361-365.
Professor Zhang Jinshan is the first author. This is one of the early research papers in China that systematically elaborates on the TIPSS technique. Through animal experiments and clinical case analysis, it confirmed that TIPSS is a safe and effective minimally invasive method for treating portal hypertension and its complications, laying an important foundation for the promotion and application of this technique in China.
2.Zhang Jinshan, Li Huai. Clinical study on transcatheter arterial embolization with temporary hepatic vein occlusion for the treatment of primary liver cancer.Chinese Journal of Radiology, 1996，30（8）：521-524.
Professor Zhang Jinshan is the first author. He innovatively proposed the technique of \"transcatheter arterial embolization with temporary hepatic vein occlusion.\" Clinical results demonstrated that this method can significantly increase the drug concentration within liver cancer lesions, reduce damage to normal liver tissue, and effectively improve the therapeutic outcomes for intermediate and advanced liver cancer, providing a novel strategy for the interventional treatment of liver cancer.
3. Zhang Jinshan, Wang Maoqiang, Li Huai. Interventional treatment of Budd-Chiari syndrome. Chinese Journal of Medical Imaging Technology, 1998，14（3）：189-191.
Professor Zhang Jinshan is the first author. This paper systematically summarizes the early experience in interventional treatment of Budd-Chiari syndrome in China, elaborating in detail on the key operational points and therapeutic efficacy of techniques such as percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and stent placement. It confirms that interventional therapy is the preferred minimally invasive method for Budd-Chiari syndrome, promoting the standardized development of treatment for this disease.
4.Zhang Jinshan, Li Huai, Wang Maoqiang. Clinical value of superselective hepatic arterial chemoembolization in the treatment of hypovascular liver cancer. Chinese Journal of Radiology, 2000，34（5）：335-337.
Professor Zhang Jinshan is the first author. Addressing the challenges in interventional treatment of hypovascular liver cancer, this paper explores the clinical efficacy of superselective hepatic arterial chemoembolization. The results indicate that this technique can precisely target the lesions and improve the treatment response rate, providing an important clinical basis for the interventional treatment of hypovascular liver cancer.
5. Zhang Jinshan, Li Huai, Wang Maoqiang. Interventional treatment of peripheral vascular stenosis and occlusion.Chinese Journal of Radiology, 2002，36（7）：612-614.
Professor Zhang Jinshan is the first author. This paper summarizes the interventional treatment experience of over 400 patients with peripheral vascular stenosis and occlusion, analyzing the indications and efficacy of techniques such as balloon angioplasty and stent placement. It confirms that interventional therapy is a safe and effective approach for peripheral vascular diseases, providing practical support for its clinical promotion.
6.Zhang Jinshan, Li Huai, Wang Maoqiang. Clinical application of CT-guided percutaneous puncture ablation in the treatment of abdominal tumors. Chinese Journal of Medical Imaging Technology, 2004，20（9）：1395-1397.
Professor Zhang Jinshan is the first author. This paper explores the application value of CT-guided percutaneous puncture techniques such as radiofrequency ablation and chemical ablation in the treatment of abdominal tumors. The clinical results show that this method is minimally invasive with reliable efficacy, offering a minimally invasive treatment option for patients with inoperable abdominal tumors.
7.Zhang Jinshan, Wang Maoqiang, Li Huai. Advances in the application of interventional therapy for benign prostatic hyperplasia. Chinese Journal of Radiology, 2006，40（8）：876-878.
Professor Zhang Jinshan is the corresponding author. This paper systematically reviews the cutting-edge advances in interventional therapy for benign prostatic hyperplasia, including the principles, procedures, and efficacy of techniques such as prostatic artery embolization and stent placement, providing new insights for the minimally invasive treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia.
8.Zhang Jinshan, Li Huai, Wang Maoqiang. Discussion on the standardization of interventional therapy for liver cancer. Chinese Journal of Practical Surgery, 2008，28（10）：856-858.
Professor Zhang Jinshan is the corresponding author. Drawing on years of clinical experience and research findings, he led the discussion on standardized protocols for interventional therapy of liver cancer, covering key aspects such as preoperative assessment, treatment modality selection, and postoperative management, providing important references for the formulation of clinical guidelines for interventional therapy of liver cancer in China.
1. Interventional Radiology (People's Military Medical Press, 1995): The first monograph in China to systematically discuss the theories and techniques of interventional radiology. It comprehensively elaborates on the interventional diagnosis and treatment system for tumors, vascular diseases, and non-vascular diseases, becoming a classic essential textbook for interventional physicians in China.
2.Interventional Therapy for Liver Cancer (People's Health Press, 2001): Focusing on minimally invasive interventions for liver cancer, this book systematically summarizes techniques such as TACE, ablation, and vascular intervention, refines operational standards and the prevention and management of complications, and promotes the standardization of interventional therapy for liver cancer.
3.Interventional Treatment of Portal Hypertension (Science Press, 2005): This book systematically elaborates on minimally invasive techniques for portal hypertension, such as TIPSS and B-ORTO, covering experimental research, clinical procedures, long-term follow-up, and efficacy evaluation, filling the gap in monographs on interventional treatment of portal hypertension in China.
1.The National \"Eighth Five-Year Plan\" Scientific and Technological Key Project—Clinical and Basic Research on Comprehensive Interventional Therapy for Liver Cancer (Project Leader): This project systematically explored multimodal interventional strategies for liver cancer, established the core regimen of superselective TACE combined with local ablation, and significantly improved the therapeutic outcomes for intermediate and advanced liver cancer.
2.The Military \"Ninth Five-Year Plan\" Key Medical Scientific Research Project—Standardized Research on TIPSS for the Treatment of Portal Hypertension (Project Leader): This project formulated China's first operational standards and postoperative management guidelines for TIPSS, reduced the incidence of complications, and promoted the popularization of this technique throughout the military and across the country.
3.National Natural Science Foundation of China Project — Research on the Mechanism of Targeted Therapy for Liver Cancer Using Hepatic Vein Occlusion Combined with Chemoembolization (Project Leader): This project revealed the synergistic enhancement mechanisms of the innovative technique at the levels of hemodynamics, drug metabolism, and the tumor microenvironment, providing theoretical support for precision interventional therapy of liver cancer.
4.Military Clinical High-Tech Major Project-Establishment and Clinical Application of the Interventional Treatment Technology System for Complex Vascular Diseases (Project Leader): This project overcame interventional challenges in complex lesions such as Budd-Chiari syndrome, peripheral vascular occlusion, and vascular malformations, forming a complete technical system that has been promoted and applied widely.
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","images":[{"base_url":"clinic/6a6964fa14866","title":"Clinic facade of Uni-Asia Cancer Hospital with modern exterior and landscaped greenery"},{"base_url":"clinic/6a6966d0194c1","title":"Waiting area at Uni-asia Cancer Hospital with modern seating and large windows"},{"base_url":"clinic/6a6966fc54607","title":"Uni-asia Cancer Hospital exterior wall with slogan and panda statues"},{"base_url":"clinic/6a696726f0bc9","title":"Patient room at Uni-asia Cancer Hospital with modern bed and sofa"}],"flags":[{"name":"has_active_agencies","value":true},{"name":"is_hide","value":false}],"geo":{"country":{"name":"China","id":203,"alias":"china","iso_code":"CN"},"city":{"name":"Chengdu","id":2693,"alias":"chengdu"},"address":"China, Si Chuan Sheng, Cheng Du Shi, Cheng Hua Qu, Huai Shu Dian Lu, 40-268号成都汇康中西医结合医院 邮政编码: 610058"},"rating":{"rating":0,"google":4.5,"percent_of_satisfied_clients":0},"statistics":{"number_of_reviews":0,"doctors_number":25,"year_foundation":2011},"accreditations":[]}},{"doctor":{"id":24764,"alias":"wang-qihao","name":"Wang Qihao","clinic_id":8856,"first_year_working":2004,"created_at":"2026-10-30T14:35:22.440+00:00","short_description":"Wang Qihao is a specialist at Shanghai Kangyi Stomatology Clinic (Shanghai Kangle Dental Clinic) with 22 years of full-time practice in Shanghai since 2004. His work spans Dental Implant surgery, cosmetic dentistry (whitening and veneers), and comprehensive restorative and periodontal care. For patients needing endodontic treatment, root canal therapy is typically planned across 2–5 visits.","specialities":[{"id":"dnt.004","name":"Implantologist","illness_kind_id":31},{"id":"dnt.007","name":"Endodontist","illness_kind_id":31},{"id":"dnt.006","name":"Periodontist ","illness_kind_id":31},{"id":"dnt.001","name":"Dentist","illness_kind_id":31}],"statistics":{"review_count":0,"review_score":0,"operations_performed_count":0,"awards_count":0}},"clinic":{"id":8856,"alias":"shanghai-kangyi-stomatology-clinic","name":"Alphadental (康怡口腔)","short_description":"Shanghai Kangyi Stomatology Clinic is a dental center in Shanghai, China. The clinic treats adults and children across eight departments. Key areas include preventive dentistry, dental implants, orthodontics, and cosmetic dentistry. The team also handles restorative work like crowns, bridges, and dentures. Periodontal therapy is available for gum conditions like gingivitis and periodontitis.
Diagnostics rely on panoramic X-ray and Florida Probe systems. Dental director Wang Qihao trained at the National University of Singapore. Dr. Guan Heping graduated from Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Stomatology. Root canal treatments usually need two to five visits. Each session lasts about one hour under anesthesia. Online consultations are available for international patients.
","images":[{"base_url":"clinic/6ae4aace8e8df","title":"Clean hallway with treatment rooms at Alphadental clinic, modern dental facility"},{"base_url":"clinic/6ae4aad094be1","title":"Dental treatment room with modern equipment at Alphadental clinic"},{"base_url":"clinic/6ae4aad27657a","title":"Dental treatment room with modern equipment at Alphadental Clinic, large windows view"},{"base_url":"clinic/6ae4aad4a35d5","title":"Hallway at Alphadental Clinic Shanghai with illuminated dental-themed wall decor"}],"flags":[{"name":"is_hide","value":false},{"name":"is_created_by_parser","value":true}],"geo":{"country":{"name":"China","id":203,"alias":"china","iso_code":"CN"},"city":{"name":"Shanghai","id":2015,"alias":"shanghai"}},"rating":{"rating":0,"google":1.5,"percent_of_satisfied_clients":0},"statistics":{"number_of_reviews":0,"doctors_number":2},"accreditations":[]}},{"doctor":{"id":18531,"alias":"victor-sun","name":"Victor Sun 孙庆龄","clinic_id":8574,"photo":"doctor/6aa9ffd175e6c","first_year_working":0,"created_at":"2026-09-16T02:32:47.882+00:00","short_description":"Dr. Victor Sun is a restorative dentistry specialist at D4 Dental Clinic in Shanghai. He performs implant restorations using a digital pathway that plans from the final crown backward. This method defines the bite, cleanability, and crown position before surgery begins. Dr. Sun uses periodontal sequencing to establish a stable foundation for implants.
D4 Dental Clinic is a multi-specialty dental center in Shanghai, China. It treats adults and children across orthodontics, periodontics, and implant dentistry. Dr. Herman Hsu founded the facility in 2020. That same year, it became Asia's first Digital Smile Design (DSD) Clinic. The clinical team includes six specialists, two of them DSD Master clinicians. One expert is also a DSD Key Opinion Leader.
D4 is an authorized Philips Zoom! Whitening Experience Center. Its medical team uses CBCT scans, intraoral scanning, and Cerec Omnicam technology. This equipment supports a smooth workflow for aesthetic restorations and digital implant planning. International patients receive English-language consultations and treatment planning. Staff give specific guidance on travel timing and follow-up care. D4 also holds DSD Clinics Certification with registration number CN20001.
","images":[{"base_url":"clinic/6aa9fcbd8bdb2","title":"Reception area at D4 Dental Clinic with modern seating and digital smile design display"},{"base_url":"clinic/6aa9fcbf5001a","title":"D4 Dental Clinic reception area with certification and Philips Zoom sign"},{"base_url":"clinic/6aa9fcc13a8a1","title":"Dental prosthetics and digital smile design tools at D4 Dental Clinic"},{"base_url":"clinic/6aa9fcc334172","title":"Orthodontist at D4 Dental Clinic reviewing digital teeth scan on computer"}],"flags":[{"name":"is_hide","value":false},{"name":"is_created_by_parser","value":true}],"geo":{"country":{"name":"China","id":203,"alias":"china","iso_code":"CN"},"city":{"name":"Shanghai","id":2015,"alias":"shanghai"},"address":"Suite 3002, 30F, L'Avenue Office Tower, 99 Xianxia Road, Changning District, Shanghai"},"rating":{"rating":0,"google":3.9,"percent_of_satisfied_clients":0},"statistics":{"number_of_reviews":0,"doctors_number":6,"year_foundation":2020},"accreditations":[]}}],"meta":{"total_count":7,"total_pages":1}},"reviews":{"reviews":[{"id":20142,"user":{"id":750022,"name":"Andrey ","country_code":"KZ","country_name":{"en":"Kazakhstan"}},"ratings":[{"name":"main","value":5},{"name":"relative_price","value":2},{"name":"doctor","value":5},{"name":"personal","value":5},{"name":"comfort","value":5},{"name":"coordination","value":5},{"name":"translation","value":5},{"name":"nps","value":10},{"name":"manager","value":5}],"text":{"en":"I chose this clinic after reading and looking at reviews. High-tech equipment and the approach of doctors, according to reviews in clinics in other countries offered removal of an organ such as kidney, in this clinic on the contrary to do everything possible to save, so I decided, in my country and in neighbouring Russia I could not make a diagnosis or explain what is there, suspicion of neoplasm, but I did not get a specific answer after all the examinations, here in Fuda clarified everything and explained in detail, made a complete examination, equipment is high level, in general satisfied with everything, p Therefore, I can safely recommend it."},"order":{"operation":{"id":110,"name":{"en":"CyberKnife"}},"illness":{"id":7,"name":{"en":"Pancreatic cancer"}}},"clinic_info":{"id":436,"name":"Fuda Cancer Hospital","alias":"fuda-hospital","flags":[{"name":"is_hide","value":false},{"name":"has_active_agencies","value":true}]},"created_at":"2025-05-27T13:58:39.422+00:00","flags":[{"name":"is_approved","value":true},{"name":"has_client_feedback","value":true},{"name":"is_anonymously","value":true},{"name":"would_recommend","value":true},{"name":"is_notification_sent","value":false},{"name":"coordinator_mentioned","value":true},{"name":"deactivated_clinic","value":false}],"images":[{"full_url":"review/6835cb9078ea6_b.jpeg","preview_url":"review/6835cb9078ea6_s.jpeg"},{"full_url":"review/6835cb9104fef_b.jpeg","preview_url":"review/6835cb9104fef_s.jpeg"},{"full_url":"review/6835cb9157fe1_b.jpeg","preview_url":"review/6835cb9157fe1_s.jpeg"}],"client_response":{"preview_to_review_text":{"en":"I chose this clinic after reading and looking at reviews. High-tech equipment and the approach of doctors, according to reviews in clinics in other countries offered removal of an organ such as kidney, in this clinic on the contrary to do everything possible to save, so I decided, in my country and in neighbouring Russia I could not make a diagnosis or explain what is there, suspicion of neoplasm, but I did not get a specific answer after all the examinations, here in Fuda clarified everything and explained in detail, made a complete examination, equipment is high level, in general satisfied with everything, p Therefore, I can safely recommend it."},"what_like_text":{"en":"When the test results came back and the doctor was happy to tell me everything was fine."},"what_not_like_text":{"en":"It's basically fine."}},"comment_about_bookimed":{"en":"I found out about the clinic by calling bookimed Julia explained everything very well and in detail. She organised my trip, was in touch with me all the time, supported me if I had any doubts and thanked me very much."},"summary":{"positive":{"en":"In general satisfied with everything, Therefore, I can safely recommend it."}}},{"id":6754,"user":{"id":162092,"name":"Анна ","country_code":"RU"},"ratings":[{"name":"main","value":5},{"name":"comfort","value":5},{"name":"coordination","value":5},{"name":"doctor","value":5},{"name":"manager","value":0},{"name":"personal","value":5},{"name":"translation","value":0},{"name":"relative_price","value":0}],"text":{"en":"In principle, the visit went very well, only good impressions remained. Now there are certain problems, because doctors at home do not agree with the diagnosis that was made in China, but we were provided with professional help at the Food Clinic. Despite the fact that the full-time translator was on vacation and we took it on our own, the visit went very well. The rooms are very good, they look like 5 star rooms. As soon as we arrived, the nurses came to the ward, measured the pressure, helped in everything. In general, the clinic staff is friendly and helpful."},"order":{"illness":{"id":2238,"name":{"en":"Liver cancer stage 4"}}},"clinic_info":{"id":436,"name":"Fuda Cancer Hospital","alias":"fuda-hospital","flags":[{"name":"is_hide","value":false},{"name":"has_active_agencies","value":true}]},"created_at":"2020-02-20T10:30:29.000+00:00","flags":[{"name":"is_approved","value":true},{"name":"is_anonymously","value":false},{"name":"is_notification_sent","value":true},{"name":"would_recommend","value":false},{"name":"has_client_feedback","value":true},{"name":"deactivated_clinic","value":false}],"summary":{"positive":{"en":"\"In principle, the visit went very well, only good impressions remained.\""}}},{"id":6261,"user":{"id":154564,"name":"Анжелика ","country_code":"RU"},"ratings":[{"name":"main","value":5},{"name":"comfort","value":5},{"name":"coordination","value":5},{"name":"doctor","value":5},{"name":"manager","value":5},{"name":"personal","value":5},{"name":"translation","value":4},{"name":"relative_price","value":3}],"text":{"en":"The stay went well, the doctor and staff inspire confidence. The ward is good, the main thing is that the attendant can always be with the patient. Given that Russia has refused us, we are very grateful to the Food Clinic and Bookimed for their care, for the hope given."},"order":{"illness":{"id":2226,"name":{"en":"Colon cancer stage 4"}},"diagnostic":{"id":102,"name":{"en":"Consultation with an oncologist"}}},"clinic_info":{"id":436,"name":"Fuda Cancer Hospital","alias":"fuda-hospital","flags":[{"name":"is_hide","value":false},{"name":"has_active_agencies","value":true}]},"created_at":"2019-12-31T10:51:41.000+00:00","flags":[{"name":"is_approved","value":true},{"name":"is_anonymously","value":false},{"name":"is_notification_sent","value":true},{"name":"would_recommend","value":true},{"name":"has_client_feedback","value":true},{"name":"deactivated_clinic","value":false}],"comment_about_bookimed":{"en":"THANK YOU"},"summary":{"positive":{"en":"We are very grateful to the Food Clinic and Bookimed for their care, for the hope given."}}},{"id":5475,"user":{"id":107947,"name":"Othman Faraj","country_code":"GB","country_name":{"en":"United Kingdom"}},"ratings":[{"name":"main","value":4},{"name":"comfort","value":3},{"name":"coordination","value":4},{"name":"doctor","value":4},{"name":"manager","value":4},{"name":"personal","value":4},{"name":"translation","value":4},{"name":"relative_price","value":3}],"text":{"en":"The bookimed support was OK but not adequate."},"order":{"illness":{"id":99,"name":{"en":"Sarcoma"}},"diagnostic":{"id":274,"name":{"en":"CT of thoracic, abdominal and pelvic organs"}}},"clinic_info":{"id":436,"name":"Fuda Cancer Hospital","alias":"fuda-hospital","flags":[{"name":"is_hide","value":false},{"name":"has_active_agencies","value":true}]},"created_at":"2019-10-07T10:43:00.000+00:00","flags":[{"name":"is_approved","value":true},{"name":"is_anonymously","value":true},{"name":"is_notification_sent","value":false},{"name":"would_recommend","value":true},{"name":"has_client_feedback","value":true},{"name":"deactivated_clinic","value":false}],"comment_about_bookimed":{"en":"The bookimed support was OK but not adequate."},"summary":{"positive":{"en":"The doctor was extremely knowledgeable and experienced."}}},{"id":6482,"user":{"id":155804,"name":"Надежда ","country_code":"BY"},"ratings":[{"name":"main","value":4},{"name":"comfort","value":5},{"name":"coordination","value":5},{"name":"doctor","value":5},{"name":"manager","value":5},{"name":"personal","value":5},{"name":"translation","value":5},{"name":"relative_price","value":2}],"text":{"en":"All is well, everyone is happy"},"order":{"illness":{"id":99,"name":{"en":"Sarcoma"}}},"clinic_info":{"id":436,"name":"Fuda Cancer Hospital","alias":"fuda-hospital","flags":[{"name":"is_hide","value":false},{"name":"has_active_agencies","value":true}]},"created_at":"2020-01-24T06:26:03.000+00:00","flags":[{"name":"is_approved","value":true},{"name":"is_anonymously","value":true},{"name":"is_notification_sent","value":true},{"name":"would_recommend","value":true},{"name":"has_client_feedback","value":true},{"name":"deactivated_clinic","value":false}]},{"id":6220,"user":{"id":148762,"name":"Myram ","country_code":"HK"},"ratings":[{"name":"main","value":3},{"name":"comfort","value":3},{"name":"coordination","value":3},{"name":"doctor","value":2},{"name":"manager","value":3},{"name":"personal","value":0},{"name":"translation","value":4},{"name":"relative_price","value":0}],"text":{"en":"The coordinator was helpful and provide the information as far as possible. The hospital arranged a native Cantonese speaker who acted as a translator. This arrangement facilitated the communication. The consultation was abit rush as the doctor had other engagement and needed to leave for urgent duties. On the treatment aspect, hope to have more explanation and medical advice. \n\nOn request, the coordinator brought us to visit the wards and private rooms and that helped me to understand the environment if I choose to treat in Fuda hospital."},"order":{},"clinic_info":{"id":436,"name":"Fuda Cancer Hospital","alias":"fuda-hospital","flags":[{"name":"is_hide","value":false},{"name":"has_active_agencies","value":true}]},"created_at":"2019-12-24T10:03:35.000+00:00","flags":[{"name":"is_approved","value":true},{"name":"is_anonymously","value":false},{"name":"is_notification_sent","value":true},{"name":"would_recommend","value":false},{"name":"has_client_feedback","value":true},{"name":"deactivated_clinic","value":false}]}],"meta":{"total_count":20,"total_pages":1}},"offers":{"cards":[],"metadata":{"total_count":0}},"listingTexts":{"entity_texts":{"txt_country":{"text":"A mastectomy in China costs _op_9_price_from_ to _op_9_price_to_, compared with about _price_compare_US_average_ in the US (Bookimed data, _date_). It is offered by Fuda Cancer Hospital in Guangzhou. The clinic is rated 4.6/5 in 19 verified patient reviews on Bookimed.
"},"txt_price":{"text":"Mastectomy in China typically costs from _op_9_price_from_ to _op_9_price_to_ depending on the surgical technique. Prices are influenced by the hospital tier, city location, and whether reconstruction is performed simultaneously. In the US, similar procedures cost around _price_compare_US_average_ on average. Patients can find substantial savings in China, with a price discount of approximately _price_percent_discount_%.
\n\nBookimed Expert Insight: Choosing specialized oncology centers provides significant value for complex cases. Fuda Cancer Hospital in Guangzhou is JCI-accredited and treats over 30,000 international patients. They specialize in advanced and late-stage cancers using minimally invasive cryosurgery and NanoKnife. Their standard mastectomy procedures start around $4,150. This price often includes surgical fees, lab tests, and hospital stays. Focusing on such centers ensures global safety standards at local Chinese market rates.
"}},"texts":{"txt_procedure_3_clinics":{"text":"Mastectomy is a radical treatment for breast cancer.
Unlike lumpectomy (tumor removal), mastectomy involves resection of the entire breast.
Indications for total breast removal:
Also, during a mastectomy, regional (axillary) lymph nodes are removed.
Lymphedema is swelling of the extremities caused by stagnation of lymph after removal of the lymph node.
Edema can develop immediately after surgery, and after a fairly long time.
Lymph stasis is characterized by:
Day 1 - Arrival
\nDay 2 - Pre-operation
\nDay 3 - Mastectomy
\nDay 4 - Post-operation
\nWeek 1 - 2 - Rehabilitation
\nWeek 3 - 6 - Rehabilitation
\nWeek 7 - 12 - Rehabilitation
\nEach case is individual, please consult with your physician for specific details.
"},"overview":{"text":"It is a surgical procedure to remove one or both breasts, partially or completely, to treat or prevent breast cancer.
This operation removes cancerous tissues from the breast, helping to halt disease growth and aiding overall treatment.
"},"279":{"operation":{"name":"Gland therapy for breast cancer","alias":"gland-therapy-for-breast-cancer","use_for_listing":false},"country_price":{"US":{"amount":24000,"max_amount":42000,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":0,"price_kind":"estimate","price_source":"parsed","scope":"country"},"TR":{"amount":3900,"max_amount":6800,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":0,"price_kind":"estimate","price_source":"parsed","scope":"country"},"TH":{"amount":5200,"max_amount":7500,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":0,"price_kind":"estimate","price_source":"parsed","scope":"country"},"AT":{"amount":9000,"max_amount":16000,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":0,"price_kind":"estimate","price_source":"parsed","scope":"country"},"ES":{"amount":2200,"max_amount":12000,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":1,"price_kind":"from_range","price_source":"tariff","scope":"country"},"CN":{"amount":6500,"max_amount":13000,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":0,"price_kind":"estimate","price_source":"parsed","scope":"country"}},"available_clinics":{"US":false,"TR":false,"TH":false,"AT":false,"ES":true,"CN":false},"description":"This therapy treats breast tumors by applying medication directly to the gland, reducing side effects and improving efficacy.
"},"286":{"operation":{"name":"Lumpectomy ","alias":"lumpectomy","use_for_listing":true},"country_price":{"US":{"amount":14000,"max_amount":24000,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":0,"price_kind":"estimate","price_source":"parsed","scope":"country"},"TR":{"amount":2500,"max_amount":9100,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":10,"price_kind":"from_range","price_source":"mixed","scope":"country"},"TH":{"amount":2200,"max_amount":6500,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":1,"price_kind":"from_range","price_source":"tariff","scope":"country"},"AT":{"amount":5800,"max_amount":9500,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":0,"price_kind":"estimate","price_source":"parsed","scope":"country"},"ES":{"amount":11200,"max_amount":16800,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":1,"price_kind":"from_range","price_source":"tariff","scope":"country"},"CN":{"amount":3500,"max_amount":8500,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":0,"price_kind":"estimate","price_source":"parsed","scope":"country"}},"available_clinics":{"US":false,"TR":true,"TH":true,"AT":false,"ES":true,"CN":false},"description":"The procedure removes only cancerous breast tissue, sparing the remaining healthy part, ensuring quicker recovery.
"},"289":{"operation":{"name":"Intrabeam","alias":"intrabeam","use_for_listing":false},"country_price":{"US":{"amount":18000,"max_amount":30000,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":0,"price_kind":"estimate","price_source":"parsed","scope":"country"},"TR":{"amount":7500,"max_amount":11000,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":0,"price_kind":"estimate","price_source":"parsed","scope":"country"},"TH":{"amount":5000,"max_amount":7500,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":0,"price_kind":"estimate","price_source":"parsed","scope":"country"},"AT":{"amount":4800,"max_amount":8000,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":0,"price_kind":"estimate","price_source":"parsed","scope":"country"},"ES":{"amount":6500,"max_amount":9500,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":0,"price_kind":"estimate","price_source":"parsed","scope":"country"},"CN":{"amount":4500,"max_amount":8500,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":0,"price_kind":"estimate","price_source":"parsed","scope":"country"}},"available_clinics":{"US":false,"TR":false,"TH":false,"AT":false,"ES":false,"CN":false},"description":"This therapy is a targeted, low-dose radiation treatment for cancer, applied directly to the tumor site during surgery, minimizing side effects.
"}}},"cityPrices":{"operation_prices":{"9":{"operation":{"id":9,"name":"Mastectomy","alias":"mastectomy"},"city_price":[{"amount":8000,"max_amount":0,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":1,"price_kind":"from","price_source":"tariff","scope":"city","city":{"id":390,"name":"Guangzhou","alias":"guangzhou","profile":{"city_id":390,"city_type":"Capital of Guangdong, southern China","access":["Guangzhou Baiyun Airport (CAN), 28 km north of downtown"],"sources":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangzhou","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangzhou_Baiyun_International_Airport"],"status":"ok","checked_at":"2026-11-03"}}},{"amount":6500,"max_amount":10500,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":0,"price_kind":"estimate","price_source":"parsed","scope":"city","city":{"id":2015,"name":"Shanghai","alias":"shanghai","profile":{"city_id":2015,"city_type":"Most populous city in China","access":["Pudong Airport (PVG), 30 km from the city center","Hongqiao Airport (SHA), 13 km from downtown"],"sources":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai_Pudong_International_Airport","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai_Hongqiao_International_Airport"],"status":"ok","checked_at":"2026-11-03"}}}]}}},"videoReviews":[{"id":"b8c75ace-4f1f-46d8-9887-d9e0b74bfdb6","link":"https://player.vimeo.com/video/1096293607?badge=0&autopause=0&player_id=0&app_id=58479","description":"My companion and I were treated with such kindness — I have nothing but admiration for the entire team.","userName":"Amanda","user_name":"Amanda","preview":"https://i.vimeocdn.com/video/2030326588-92c5121ee6fb5bedb09b0cf12abe66667acab73d0dea713b5168e6353daa6b76-d?mw=600&mh=1067&q=70","updated_at":"2025-06-26T10:47:55.613+00:00","clinicName":"Lokman Hekim Istanbul Hospital","clinic":{"name":"Lokman Hekim Istanbul Hospital","alias":"lokman-hekim-istanbul"},"clinicUrl":"/clinic/lokman-hekim-istanbul/","relations":{"operations":[{"name":"Mastectomy","alias":"mastectomy"},{"name":"Sarcoma surgery","alias":"removal-of-ewing-s-sarcoma"}]}}],"hasVideoReviewsByContext":true,"externalReviews":[{"id":"6ae60457c48fbcf1a00fd1b3","source":"google","clinic_id":8343}],"responsibleDoctor":{"id":290,"alias":"yesim-yildirim","name":"Yesim Yildirim","photo":"doctor/699da18e34fa6","advisory_text":"20 years of experience\nMedical oncologist, ESMO certified","advisoryText":"20 years of experience\nMedical oncologist, ESMO certified","specialities":[{"id":"onc.001","name":"Clinical oncologist","illness_kind_id":10}]},"updatedAt":"2026-11-12T22:00:10.452Z","activeCountries":["CN","TR","AT","ES","TH"],"operationIndicators":{"details":{"days_in_clinic":0,"days_in_country":0,"rehabilitation_days":0,"satisfied_percent":78,"treatment_duration_hours":0},"illness_kind_details":{"requests_processed":46119}},"direction":{"id":10,"name":"Oncology","alias":"oncology","name_forms":{"base_form":"Oncology","form_4":"oncologist","form_6":"oncologists","form_11":"oncologists"}},"illness_kind":{"id":10,"name":{"en":"Oncology"}},"parsed_details":{"procedure_type":"surgery","fields":{"anesthesia":["general"],"back_to_work_days":{"min":14,"max":42,"unit":"days","qualifier":"For simple total/simple mastectomy without reconstruction in desk-based work; longer with physical work, axillary surgery or drains."},"complication_rate_pct":{"min":10,"max":30,"unit":"percent","qualifier":"Any complication within 30-90 days, mainly seroma, infection, hematoma, flap necrosis; serious ones under 5%"},"contraindications":["Severe uncontrolled cardiopulmonary disease precluding anesthesia (relative)","Uncorrected bleeding disorder or unmanaged therapeutic anticoagulation","Active uncontrolled infection at the surgical site","Pregnancy (needs specialist planning; relative)","Metastatic disease where surgery offers no clinical benefit"],"days_in_clinic":{"min":7,"max":14,"unit":"nights","qualifier":"Includes 0–2 hospital nights; total stay 7–14 nights until drain removal and first review."},"diagnostic_duration_minutes":null,"diagnostic_preparation":null,"diagnostic_referral_needed":null,"diagnostic_result_time_hours":null,"exercise_resume_weeks":{"min":4,"max":8,"unit":"weeks","qualifier":"Gentle shoulder range-of-motion earlier; strenuous upper-body exercise after surgeon clearance."},"final_result_months":{"min":3,"max":12,"unit":"months","qualifier":"Scar maturation and resolution of swelling and altered sensation; without reconstruction."},"fly_home_after_days":{"min":7,"max":14,"unit":"days","qualifier":"After drain removal and first wound check; longer with axillary dissection, drains in place or complications."},"follow_up_visits":[{"purpose":"wound_check","requirement":"routine","after":{"min":7,"max":14,"unit":"days","qualifier":"First postoperative review, often with drain removal."}},{"purpose":"result_review","requirement":"routine","after":{"min":7,"max":14,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Pathology results discussion and planning of any further treatment."}},{"purpose":"assessment","requirement":"conditional","after":{"min":28,"max":56,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Healing and shoulder function check."}}],"indications":["Breast cancer or DCIS where breast-conserving surgery is unsuitable","Multicentric or extensive disease, or recurrence after breast-conserving therapy","Risk-reducing surgery in high-risk patients (e.g., BRCA mutation)","Persistent positive margins after lumpectomy","Selected locally advanced disease after systemic therapy"],"main_risks":["Bleeding or hematoma","Seroma","Wound infection","Delayed wound healing or skin flap necrosis","Chronic pain or post-mastectomy pain syndrome","Numbness or altered chest wall sensation","Shoulder stiffness","Lymphedema if axillary surgery is performed","Psychological and body image impact","Anesthesia-related risks and venous thromboembolism"],"pain":"Moderate pain and tightness in the first few days, managed with oral analgesics; typically improves over 1–2 weeks. Some patients develop lingering chest wall or axillary discomfort.","preparation":["Preoperative imaging and pathology review","Consultation on mastectomy type, axillary management, reconstruction options","Medical assessment and routine blood tests","Fasting before general anesthesia","Medication review with the surgical team","Stop smoking where possible","Arrange help at home and loose front-opening clothing"],"recovery_timeline":[{"phase":"Days 0–3","description":"Hospital stay or same-day discharge; drain care taught if drains placed; walking encouraged.","restrictions":["No driving while on opioid analgesics","Avoid lifting"]},{"phase":"Weeks 1–2","description":"Drain removal, wound healing, gentle arm and shoulder exercises.","restrictions":["Avoid lifting over a few kilograms","Keep dressings dry as advised"]},{"phase":"Weeks 3–6","description":"Return to light activity and desk work; increasing arm mobility.","restrictions":["Avoid strenuous upper-body activity"]},{"phase":"Weeks 6–12","description":"Return to full activity after clearance; scar softening; prosthesis fitting if desired.","restrictions":[]}],"rehabilitation_days":{"min":14,"max":42,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Ordinary functional recovery of daily activities and arm and shoulder mobility after simple mastectomy."},"result_longevity":"Removal of breast tissue is permanent; the breast does not regrow. Cancer recurrence risk depends on disease stage and further treatment.","revision_rate_pct":{"min":2,"max":6,"unit":"percent","qualifier":"Unplanned return to theatre within 30 days, mostly for hematoma, infection or wound problems"},"scars":"A flat horizontal or oblique scar across the chest wall, usually 15–25 cm, fading over 6–12 months. Nipple-sparing techniques use shorter incisions. A drain site scar may remain.","sessions_or_stages":{"sessions":{"min":1,"max":1,"unit":"visits","qualifier":"Single operation for mastectomy alone, without staged reconstruction."},"stages":[{"code":"mastectomy_surgery","label":"Mastectomy operation","after":{"min":0,"max":0,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Performed on day of procedure."}}],"qualifier":"Standalone unilateral mastectomy without reconstruction."},"success":{"metric":"Local control: no chest wall recurrence","value":95,"unit":"percent","horizon":"10 years","population":"Adults with early-stage breast cancer undergoing simple mastectomy without reconstruction","evidence_status":"limited"},"techniques":[{"name":"Total (simple) mastectomy","suits_whom":"Most patients needing removal of all breast tissue, including prophylactic cases.","recovery":"Usually 2–6 weeks to return to routine activity."},{"name":"Skin-sparing or nipple-sparing mastectomy","suits_whom":"Patients planning immediate reconstruction with suitable tumor location.","recovery":"Depends on reconstruction; generally longer than simple mastectomy."},{"name":"Modified radical mastectomy","suits_whom":"Patients with confirmed axillary node involvement needing axillary dissection.","recovery":"Often 4–8 weeks; higher risk of lymphedema and shoulder stiffness."}],"treatment_conditions":["day_case","inpatient"],"treatment_duration_hours":{"min":1.5,"max":3,"unit":"hours","qualifier":"Unilateral simple mastectomy without reconstruction; longer with axillary dissection or bilateral surgery."},"initial_assessment_documents":["Breast biopsy pathology report","Mammogram and breast ultrasound reports","Breast MRI report (if available)","Imaging discs or files of breast scans","Genetic test results (if available)","Oncology treatment plan (if available)"],"travel_trips":{"min":1,"max":1,"one_trip_possible":true,"qualifier":"Single operation; stay about 7-14 days for drain removal and first review. Later checks usually done at home."},"clinic_checks":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"C1","text":"Check that the surgeon will explain the risks and complications of your procedure","scope":"procedure","source":{"url":"https://www.plasticsurgery.org/reconstructive-procedures/breast-reconstruction/questions","host":"plasticsurgery.org","quote":"What are the risks and complications associated with my procedure?","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-12","http_status":200}},{"id":"C2","text":"Check the qualifications of the medical team that will treat you","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://www.nhs.uk/using-the-nhs/healthcare-abroad/going-abroad-for-treatment/treatment-abroad-checklist/","host":"nhs.uk","quote":"Have you checked the qualifications of the medical team treating you?","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-12","http_status":200}},{"id":"C3","text":"Ask about the clinic's regulation and its record on infection rates","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://www.bapras.org.uk/public/think-over-before-you-make-over/cosmetic-surgery-abroad","host":"bapras.org.uk","quote":"You should ask about the regulation of the clinic, its record on infection rates.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-12","http_status":200}},{"id":"C4","text":"Confirm how your aftercare will be coordinated before you commit to treatment","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://www.nhs.uk/using-the-nhs/healthcare-abroad/going-abroad-for-treatment/treatment-abroad-checklist/","host":"nhs.uk","quote":"Ensure you're clear about how your aftercare will be coordinated.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-12","http_status":200}},{"id":"C5","text":"Confirm the surgeon is trained and experienced in the exact procedure you are considering, not just in surgery generally","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://www.isaps.org/discover/patients-home/considering-your-procedure-abroad/finding-a-surgeon-abroad/","host":"isaps.org","quote":"Verify that the surgeon is trained and experienced in performing the procedure you are considering.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}}],"checked_at":"2026-11-12","next_check_at":"2027-11-12","version":1},"red_flags":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"F1","text":"Clinic cannot explain how your aftercare will be coordinated","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://www.nhs.uk/using-the-nhs/healthcare-abroad/going-abroad-for-treatment/treatment-abroad-checklist/","host":"nhs.uk","quote":"Ensure you're clear about how your aftercare will be coordinated.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-12","http_status":200}},{"id":"F2","text":"Complications and side effects are not discussed with you before you agree to treatment","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://www.nhs.uk/using-the-nhs/healthcare-abroad/going-abroad-for-treatment/treatment-abroad-checklist/","host":"nhs.uk","quote":"Make sure you understand the possible complications and side effects that could arise from your treatment.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-12","http_status":200}},{"id":"F3","text":"No chance to talk with the surgeon about your surgery and ask questions","scope":"procedure","source":{"url":"https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/mastectomy/what-happens/","host":"nhs.uk","quote":"You'll have a chance to talk with your surgeon or specialist nurse about your surgery, and ask questions.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-12","http_status":200}},{"id":"F4","text":"The clinic will not let you speak to patients it has treated before","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://www.bapras.org.uk/public/think-over-before-you-make-over/cosmetic-surgery-abroad","host":"bapras.org.uk","quote":"Ask if you can speak to patients they've treated before.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-12","http_status":200}}],"checked_at":"2026-11-12","next_check_at":"2027-11-12","version":1},"warning_signs":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"W1","text":"Bleeding from the incision","urgency":"contact_clinic","general":false,"source":{"url":"https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/double-mastectomy/about/pac-20605611","host":"mayoclinic.org","quote":"Bleeding or a collection of blood called a hematoma.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-12","http_status":403}},{"id":"W2","text":"Infection around incision or drain","urgency":"contact_clinic","general":false,"source":{"url":"https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/double-mastectomy/about/pac-20605611","host":"mayoclinic.org","quote":"Infection can occur in the incision, around a drain or around an implant.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-12","http_status":403}},{"id":"W3","text":"Fluid collection at surgical site","urgency":"contact_clinic","general":false,"source":{"url":"https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/mastectomy/about/pac-20394670","host":"mayoclinic.org","quote":"Buildup of clear fluid in the surgical area, called seroma.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-12","http_status":403}}],"checked_at":"2026-11-12","next_check_at":"2027-11-12","version":1},"take_home":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"T1","text":"Gives your home doctor information on treatment and future care needs","document":"discharge letter for your gp","source":{"url":"https://www.nhs.uk/nhs-services/hospitals/going-into-hospital/being-discharged-from-hospital","host":"nhs.uk","quote":"You'll also be given a letter for your GP, providing information about your treatment and future care needs.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-12","http_status":200}},{"id":"T2","text":"Home doctor needs the dates for required blood tests and follow-up appointments","document":"written aftercare plan","source":{"url":"https://sbuhb.nhs.wales/about-us/individual-patient-commissioning/ipc-folder/advice-on-accessing-treatment-abroad","host":"sbuhb.nhs.wales","quote":"This should include any medication and doses, as well as any dates that blood tests and follow-up appointments must be carried out.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"T3","text":"Ask for written details of the procedure before you leave the hospital","document":"written procedure details","source":{"url":"https://rcseng.ac.uk/patient-care/cosmetic-surgery/after-surgery/","host":"rcseng.ac.uk","quote":"After your surgery, before you leave the hospital, ask for written information about the procedure you've had.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"T4","text":"Ask for copies of all prescriptions before you leave","document":"prescription copies","source":{"url":"https://travelhealthpro.org.uk/news/699/travelling-abroad-for-treatment","host":"travelhealthpro.org.uk","quote":"Remember to ask for copies of all your treatment records, including prescriptions, scans and x-rays before you leave.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"T5","text":"Home doctor needs it: cancer details that will shape care recommendations","document":"pathology report","source":{"url":"https://health.clevelandclinic.org/breast-cancer-pathology-report","host":"health.clevelandclinic.org","quote":"The report contains important information about your cancer that will influence your team’s care recommendations.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-12","http_status":200}}],"checked_at":"2026-11-12","next_check_at":"2027-11-12","version":1},"alternatives":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"A1","text":"You are willing to have radiation therapy after surgery","name":"Lumpectomy","source":{"url":"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/12962-lumpectomy","host":"my.clevelandclinic.org","quote":"Most people who get a lumpectomy to treat cancer also get radiation therapy afterward.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-12","http_status":200},"operation_id":286}],"checked_at":"2026-11-12","next_check_at":"2027-11-12","version":1},"technique_details":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"total-mastectomy","name":"Total (simple) mastectomy","how_it_works":{"text":"The whole breast, including the nipple and skin, is removed","source":{"url":"https://www.cancer.gov/types/breast/treatment/surgery/mastectomy","host":"cancer.gov","quote":"In this type of surgery, the surgeon 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skin.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-12","http_status":200}},"recovery_daily":{"event":"back_to_daily_activities","min":4,"max":4,"unit":"weeks","label":"4 weeks","source":{"url":"https://www.cancer.gov/types/breast/treatment/surgery/mastectomy","host":"cancer.gov","quote":"Most people begin returning to normal activities 4 weeks after surgery.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-12","http_status":200}}},{"id":"modified-radical-mastectomy","name":"Modified radical mastectomy","how_it_works":{"text":"The whole breast and some underarm lymph nodes are removed","source":{"url":"https://www.cancer.gov/types/breast/treatment/surgery/mastectomy","host":"cancer.gov","quote":"This is the same as a total mastectomy, but the surgeon also removes lymph nodes under your arm...","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-12","http_status":200}},"recovery_daily":{"event":"back_to_daily_activities","min":4,"max":4,"unit":"weeks","label":"4 weeks","source":{"url":"https://www.cancer.gov/types/breast/treatment/surgery/mastectomy","host":"cancer.gov","quote":"Most people begin returning to normal activities 4 weeks after surgery.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-12","http_status":200}}}],"checked_at":"2026-11-12","next_check_at":"2027-11-12","version":1}}},"hrefLanguages":[{"rel":"alternate","hreflang":"ru","language":"ru","href":"https://ru.bookimed.com/clinics/country=kitaj/procedure=mastektomiya/"}],"offerFilters":{"offer_count":0,"country_filter":[{"id":46,"name":"Turkey","alias":"turkey","iso_code":"TR"},{"id":47,"name":"Ukraine","alias":"ukraine","iso_code":"UA"}],"price_filter":{"from":0,"to":0,"avg":0}},"offersBlock":{},"illnessesByOperation":[{"id":3,"alias":"breast-cancer","name":"Breast cancer"}],"rendersOffersList":false,"fewClinics":true,"topCountriesCount":0}