![\"stomach](\"https://s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/bookimed/_images_without_dir/679b63e56af22.jpeg\")
Manipal Hospitals offers comprehensive stomach cancer treatment with robotic surgery capabilities. Dr. Amrith Raj Rao brings _doctor_1709_years_ of experience in minimally invasive oncology procedures, with fellowships from Roswell Park Cancer Institute and University of South California. Treatment costs typically range from $5,300 to $13,200. The hospital network serves over 2 million patients annually across India and internationally.
Manipal Hospitals is part of the Manipal Education & Medical Group, the third largest healthcare provider in India. It holds JCI, ISO, and NABH accreditations. The network serves over 2 million patients annually from 30 countries.
Aster CMI Hospital is part of the Aster DM Healthcare network, which spans 320 clinics across 9 countries. It leads the world in organ transplants using robotic surgery and 3D printing. The main specialties are organ transplant, cardiac surgeries, and neurosciences.
Aster CMI Hospital is part of the Aster DM Healthcare network, which spans 320 clinics across 9 countries. It leads the world in organ transplants using robotic surgery and 3D printing. The main specialties are organ transplant, cardiac surgeries, and neurosciences.
Dr. Amrith Raj Rao is a urologist at Manipal Hospitals in Bengaluru. He is a Fellow of the European Board of Urology (FEBU). Dr. Rao holds board certification from the UK. He specializes in minimally invasive surgeries for urological cancers and stones. His expertise includes robotic-assisted procedures for prostate and bladder conditions.
Manipal Hospitals is part of the Manipal Education & Medical Group, the third largest healthcare provider in India. It holds JCI, ISO, and NABH accreditations. The network serves over 2 million patients annually from 30 countries.
Stomach cancer, also called gastric cancer, occurs when cancer cells form in the inner lining of the stomach. The 5-year survival rate for localized stomach cancer is 75%. Men are statistically more likely to develop stomach cancer compared to women, and those over 55 should be aware of the signs.
\n\nThe stomach on the left side of the upper abdomen breaks down food. It is part of the digestive system, a series of connected organs that process food from the mouth to the anus.
\n\nIn most cases, stomach cancer grows into the gastroesophageal junction (the place where the stomach meets the esophagus).
\n\n
Stomach cancer starts when there is a change (mutation) in the DNA of stomach cells. DNA acts like a set of instructions for cells, telling them when to grow and when to die. When a mutation happens, the cells grow too quickly and form a tumor instead of dying off.
\n\nThese cancer cells can then take over healthy cells and may spread to other body parts (metastasize). Advanced stomach cancer may not be operable, and different treatments like immunotherapy and targeted therapies can enhance patients' survival and response to treatment.
\n\nThe main reason for mutation is unknown. Yet, there are several factors putting patients at risk of stomach cancer:
\n\nHelicobacter pylori infection. Long-term infection of the stomach lining with H. pylori bacteria is a considerable risk factor. The bacterium spreads through direct contact with saliva, vomit, or stool.
\n\tFamily history.
\n\tDiet. Eating salty food and having poorly preserved products regularly.
\n\tOccupational exposures, for example, working in a rubber or coal industry.
\n\tTobacco use.
\n\tThe doctors classify stomach cancer into the following types:
\n\nAdenocarcinoma. It is the most common type of stomach cancer. Adenocarcinoma starts in the cells that produce mucus;
\n\tGastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST). GIST is a type of cancer that starts in particular nerve cells found in the walls of the stomach and other digestive organs. It belongs to a group of cancers called soft tissue sarcomas.
\n\tLymphoma. A slow-growing tumor that responds well to early treatment. Over 90% of stomach lymphomas are associated with Helicobacter pylori infections.
\n\tLeiomyosarcoma. It is an aggressive tumor, one of the subtypes of sarcoma. Leiomyosarcoma starts in a muscle layer and is extremely rare in the stomach area.
\n\tThe stages of stomach cancers depend on the severity of cancerous cell growth and spread. Different systems describe how far cancer has spread. For stomach cancer, doctors often use the TNM staging system. It stands for Tumor-Node-Metastasis and helps to measure cancer progression and coordinate treatment plans. Different stages require different approaches to treat stomach cancer, including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy.
\n\nThe stomach wall has five layers:
\n\nMucosa. Contains glandular cells that make mucus and digestive juices;
\n\tSubmucosa, which has blood vessels, lymph vessels, and nerves.
\n\tThe muscle layer helps mix food and move it to the small intestine.
\n\tThe subserosa and serosa are the outer layers, with the serosa being the outermost.
\n\t![\"stomach](\"https://s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/bookimed/_images_without_dir/66de062d2704b.jpeg\")
Stomach cancers become advanced as they spread across different wall structures. There are five main stages of disease progression (table 1)
\n\nStage 0 (carcinoma in situ). The abnormal cancer cells grow into the mucosa, the innermost layer of the stomach wall;
\n\tStage I (also called stage 1). The stomach cancer may spread to the submucosa or even the muscle layer;
\n\tStage II (also called stage 2). Cancer cells spread to the nearby lymph nodes and deeper into the stomach wall;
\n\tStage III (also called stage 3). This stage has three sub-stages. The disease spreads all over the stomach wall and can even reach the other organs (such as spleen, colon, liver, diaphragm, or pancreas);
\n\tStage IV (also called stage 4). The cancer spreads to all body parts, including the lungs and liver.
\n\tThe early signs of stomach cancer include:
\n\nHeartburn;
\n\tbloated feeling after eating;
\n\tindigestion;
\n\tmild nausea;
\n\tchanges in appetite;
\n\tstomach pain.
\n\tStomach cancer doesn’t often cause many symptoms in the early stages. In the same way, it may not appear at the Stage IV. Most symptoms are purely digestive, and the rest depend on the organs where cancer spreads.
\n\nDiagnosing stomach cancer typically involves:
\n\nPhysical exam to assess the overall health;
\n\tMedical history to check if anyone blood-related has stomach cancer;
\n\tBlood tests. Doctors may order a blood test to check for anemia, which can result from cancer, causing internal bleeding in the stomach. Another test may look for hidden blood in the stool, indicating stomach bleeding;
\n\tInstrumental tests.
\n\t![\"stomach](\"https://s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/bookimed/_images_without_dir/66de0d282e791.jpeg\")
The instrumental methods are:
\n\nAn upper endoscopy allows doctors to look inside the esophagus, stomach, and the first part of the small intestine. A thin, lighted tube called an endoscope is passed through the mouth and throat. A small tissue sample (biopsy) can also be taken to check for signs of cancer under a microscope.
\n\nThe patient drinks barium (a silver-white metallic compound) and then undergoes a series of X-rays. The liquid coats the esophagus and stomach, increasing their visibility and improving the chances for tumor diagnostics.
\n\nBiomarker testing checks for specific genes, proteins, and other substances in the body, known as biomarkers or tumor markers. These biomarkers can give insights into stomach cancer and its treatment response.
\n\nThe most popular markers of stomach cancer include:
\n\nHER2;
\n\tPD-L1;
\n\tMicrosatellite instability;
\n\tNTRK.
\n\tA PET-CT scan combines images from a positron emission tomography (PET) scan and a computed tomography (CT) scan. Both scans are done at the same time using the same machine. Combining the images provides a clearer, more detailed picture than either scan alone.
\n\nThe other name for the procedure is nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (NMRI). Before scanning, the patient receives a gadolinium injection for a brighter stomach image. The substance gathers around cancer cells, making the tumor more visible and sharp in pictures.
\n\nIn some cases of stage 1 stomach cancer, doctors may recommend surgery to remove part or all of the stomach. For stage 2 and stage 3 stomach cancers, surgery is often not the initial treatment option.
\n\nThe main approaches for treating stomach cancer include:
\n\nIn stage I-II, the doctors may solve the problem by simply removing the cancerous part of the stomach. At some medical centers, these operations involve laparoscopic gastrectomy. The other facilities prefer robotic-assisted surgery for these procedures.
\n\nSometimes, surgery is an option for palliative care. If the cancer has spread too much to be removed entirely, it helps to stop bleeding from the tumor. It’s the solution to manage symptoms and relieve pain or at least prevent the stomach from becoming blocked by the tumor's growth.
\n\nWhen stomach cancer blocks digestion, doctors use several procedures to improve quality of life:
\n\nEndoluminal Stent Placement. Surgeons place a thin, expandable tube (stent) from the esophagus to the stomach or from the stomach to the small intestine when a tumor blocks the passage. This procedure allows normal eating by reopening the pathway.
\n\tEndoluminal Laser Therapy. Doctors use a thin, lighted tube with a laser attached, to cut through blockages in the gastrointestinal tract. The laser acts like a knife to clear the obstruction.
\n\tGastrojejunostomy. Surgeons remove the tumorous part of stomach cancer that blocks the small intestine. They then connect the remaining part of the stomach to the jejunum, a section of the small intestine, to restore the normal flow of food and medicine.
\n\tOncologists mostly combine chemotherapy with surgery in case of locally advanced disease, which spreads to the nearby lymph nodes. Chemotherapy utilizes medications to destroy cancer cells, specifically highlighting its application in treating various types of stomach cancer.
\n\nChemo before surgery is known as neoadjuvant treatment. It can make the surgery more accessible by “shrinking” the tumor. It can also reduce the risk of cancer returning and extend life expectancy (5-year survival rate increases to 38% compared to 24% for perioperative chemotherapy);
\n\tChemo after surgery (or adjuvant treatment) aims to kill any left-out cancer areas that are hard to see. It helps to prevent stomach cancer relapse. Often, the doctors prescribe chemotherapy with radiation therapy after surgery to ensure no traces of cancer cells have left.
\n\tTargeted drug therapy works on specific proteins in cancer cells or other aspects of tumors.
\n\nThe latest recommendations to treat stomach cancer include:
\n\nTyrosine kinase inhibitors to slow cancer growth;
\n\tCell structure remodeling therapies to destroy cancer cells by stimulating their death;
\n\tTargeting of DNA damage repair proteins, which cause a normal cell to mutate into a cancer cell. These proteins lead to ineffective repairing of genetic material, increasing the potential for tumor growth;
\n\tImmunotherapy stimulates the body’s response to disease by activating its immune system to identify and combat stomach cancer cells, highlighting its advantages over traditional treatments like chemotherapy.
\n\tRadiation therapy aims to target stomach cancer with precise radiation from different angles. It helps to focus on mutated areas without damaging the healthy tissues. Doctors at stomach cancer treatment centers apply the following procedures:
\n\nThree-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3D-CRT);
\n\tIntensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT);
\n\tRespiratory gating is a supplement technique before surgical resection of the stomach.
\n\tRadiation therapy can be applied in several cases, depending on how advanced stomach cancer is:
\n\nFor some earlier-stage cancers, the top stomach cancer treatment centers combine radiation therapy with chemotherapy. This approach makes tumor removal much easier and is called chemoradiation.
\n\tAfter surgery, radiation therapy, along with chemotherapy, may target any remaining cancer cells that couldn't be removed during the operation. This approach aims to reduce the chances of stomach cancer recurrence.
\n\tFor cancers that can't be removed with surgery, radiation therapy can sometimes slow the tumor's growth and help relieve symptoms like pain, bleeding, or difficulty eating.
\n\tThe studies show that a higher intake of fruits and vegetables lowers the risk of stomach cancer by 13-25%. This suggests that including more fruits and vegetables could reduce the likelihood of developing stomach cancer.
\n\nThe main reason why these food groups are so influential is that they prevent DNA damage. Fruits and vegetables often have many antioxidants, working against cell mutation and abnormal tumor growth.
\n\nWhen choosing a clinic for stomach cancer treatment, consider the following key factors:
\n\n1. Reputation and expertise. Look for clinics with experience treating stomach cancer and a track record of successful outcomes. Oncologists should have specialized training in gastric cancer and be members of professional associations like the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) or the European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO).
\n\n2. Treatment options. The clinic should offer a range of treatments, including surgery, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapy. They must also provide personalized treatment plans based on genetic testing or molecular profiling of the tumor.
\n\n3. Accreditation and standards. Check for international accreditations like JCI or ISO 9001, ensuring high care standards. Some clinics may also have specialized cancer center designations, such as NCI designation.
\n\n4. Specialist experience. Ensure that the oncologists have advanced training in gastric cancer treatment, are involved in research, and have published work in journals like the Journal of Clinical Oncology.
\n\n5. Technology and facilities. The clinic should have the latest diagnostic tools like endoscopic ultrasounds and CT/MRI scans to stage the cancer accurately.
\n\n6. Location and accessibility. Consider how easily you can access the clinic, whether it's local or requires travel. Look for international patient support clinics, including language services and accommodation assistance. With Bookimed, it isn't an issue
\n\n💡Reading reviews gives a real sense of the clinic's care, treatment results, and overall patient experience, helping you make a better choice.
\n\n💚 Bookimed evaluates stomach cancer treatment clinics using explicit criteria, including patient reviews, success rates, oncologist expertise, and advanced technologies, helping patients make confident, informed decisions. The Clinic Ranking Policy is transparent.
\n\n| \n\t\t\t Clinic \n\t\t\t | \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t Location \n\t\t\t | \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t Rating ⭐ \n\t\t\t | \n\t\t
| \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t | \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t Istanbul, Turkey \n\t\t\t | \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t 5/5 \n\t\t\t | \n\t\t
| \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t | \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t Istanbul, Turkey \n\t\t\t | \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t 4.7/5 \n\t\t\t | \n\t\t
| \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t | \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t Barcelona, Spain \n\t\t\t | \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t 4.7/5 \n\t\t\t | \n\t\t
| \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t | \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t Vienna, Austria \n\t\t\t | \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t 4.6/5 \n\t\t\t | \n\t\t
| \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t | \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t Istanbul, Turkey \n\t\t\t | \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t 4.6/5 \n\t\t\t | \n\t\t
| \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t | \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t Istanbul, Turkey \n\t\t\t | \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t 4.6/5 \n\t\t\t | \n\t\t
| \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t | \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t Istanbul, Turkey \n\t\t\t | \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t 4.5/5 \n\t\t\t | \n\t\t
| \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t | \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t Milan, Italy \n\t\t\t | \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t 4.5/5 \n\t\t\t | \n\t\t
| \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t | \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t Antalya, Turkey \n\t\t\t | \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t 4.5/5 \n\t\t\t | \n\t\t
| \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t | \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t Jerusalem, Israel \n\t\t\t | \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t 4.5/5 \n\t\t\t | \n\t\t
Bookimed has a rating of the best stomach cancer treatment centers. Based on our Smart Ranking System, most are in Germany, Izrael, and Turkey. They have modern equipment for diagnosis and treatment, such as:
\n\nDaVinci Surgical system is a method of interventional radiology similar to traditional laparoscopy. However, the DaVinci system makes a few small incisions rather than a large one.
\n\tGammaKnife, which is applicable for brain metastases of stomach cancer. The mechanical accuracy of GammaKnife is less than 0.3 millimeters, making incisions practically invisible to patients.
\n\tNanoKnife. It involves placing long, thin needles directly into the tumor to deliver targeted therapy. NanoKnife is an option for patients with inoperable stomach cancer or if they do not qualify for other treatment options.
\n\tToday, stomach cancer screening and treatment are relatively cheap. For example, the total cure for stomach cancer starts from $20,000, while
\n\nthe gross payment for prostate cancer begins from $33,607.
\n\nHere's an overview of the best hospitals for gastric cancer treatment in Europe and their estimated prices for diagnostics and treatment.
\n\n| Stomach Cancer Hospital | \n\t\t\tHelios Berlin Buch | \n\t\t\tSourasky (Ichilov) Hospital | \n\t\t\tAnadolu Medical Center | \n\t\t\tHospital Quiron Barcelona | \n\t\t
| Treatment cost | \n\t\t\tFrom $20,000 | \n\t\t\tFrom $18,000 | \n\t\t\tFrom $15,000 | \n\t\t\tFrom $15,000 | \n\t\t
*The prices may vary depending on the center's policy, exchange rates, etc. The Bookimed MD will suggest the total cost after reviewing each individual case.
\n\nFruit and vegetable intake about gastric cancer risk: A comprehensive and updated systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of cohort studies. PubMed Central (PMC). URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9939448/ (date of access: 06.09.2024).
\n\tGastric Cancer: A Comprehensive Review of Current and Future Treatment Strategies. PubMed Central (PMC). URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7680370/ (date of access: 06.09.2024).
\n\tGastric cancer: a comprehensive review of current and future treatment strategies - Cancer and Metastasis Reviews. SpringerLink. URL: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10555-020-09925-3#article-info (date of access: 06.09.2024).
\n\tGastric Lymphoma - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf. National Center for Biotechnology Information. URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK567799/ (date of access: 06.09.2024).
\n\tStomach Cancer Diagnosis and Tests. Comprehensive Cancer Information - NCI. URL: https://www.cancer.gov/types/stomach/diagnosis (date of access: 06.09.2024).
\n\tStomach motion and deformation: implications for pre-operative gastric cancer radiotherapy / M. Bleeker et al. International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics. 2023. URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.08.049 (date of access: 08.09.2024).
\n\tThe cost of stomach cancer treatment can range from $6,090 to $13,310:
The doctor will determine the total treatment cost based on your needs and past treatments. You may not need to redo previous tests, which could save money.
"},"guide_mc":{"text":"Arrival
\nDiagnostics
\nTreatment plan development
\nTreatment
\nFollow-up
\nRehabilitation
\nPlease note, only a doctor can determine a diagnostic and treatment plan, and it\"s individual. There are also other diagnostic options such as endoscopy, and treatment options like targeted therapy or immunotherapy that may be applied depending on the individual\"s condition.
"}}},"articles":[{"id":"en:how-much-does-a-stomach-cancer-treatment-cost","name":"How much does a stomach cancer treatment cost?","image":{"main":"https://bookimed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/_images_without_dir/5d271b9f70069.jpeg","preview":"https://bookimed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/_images_without_dir/5d271bc27c272.jpeg"},"author":{"first_name":"Halina","last_name":"Shubala","avatar":"https://bookimed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/admin/5d246a322f498_b.jpeg"}}],"relations":{"countries":[{"name":"Austria","alias":"austria","iso_code":"AT"},{"name":"China","alias":"china","iso_code":"CN"},{"name":"Cyprus","alias":"cyprus","iso_code":"CY"},{"name":"Czech Republic","alias":"czech-republic","iso_code":"CZ"},{"name":"Dominican 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