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Needs surgeon clearance, resolved intracranial air, stable neurologic status and no seizures."},"follow_up_visits":[{"purpose":"wound_check","requirement":"routine","after":{"min":10,"max":14,"unit":"days","qualifier":"After surgery: uncomplicated healing; suture or staple removal if not absorbable."}},{"purpose":"result_review","requirement":"routine","after":{"min":14,"max":42,"unit":"days","qualifier":"After surgery: review of pathology and postoperative imaging; timing depends on pathology availability."}}],"indications":["Resection or biopsy of accessible brain tumor","Elective evacuation of selected non-acute intracranial hematoma or collection","Resection of selected arteriovenous or cavernous malformation","Resection of an epileptogenic structural lesion","Other accessible lesions needing open access, e.g., meningioma or abscess"],"main_risks":["Bleeding or postoperative hematoma","Infection (wound, bone flap, meningitis, abscess)","New or worsened neurologic deficit (weakness, speech, vision, cognition)","Seizures","Cerebrospinal fluid leak or pseudomeningocele","Brain swelling","Stroke","Venous thromboembolism and anesthesia-related complications","Need for reoperation","Bone flap resorption or cosmetic defect"],"pain":"Moderate headache and scalp or jaw discomfort in the first days, usually controlled with oral analgesics and scalp-block or opioid-sparing regimens; typically improves over 1-2 weeks.","preparation":["Preoperative MRI/CT and neurosurgical and anesthetic assessment","Blood tests and coagulation screening","Medication review; hold anticoagulants, antiplatelets, supplements as planned","Antiseizure medication plan if indicated","Fasting before general anesthesia per anesthetic instructions","Informed consent and discussion of possible deficits and recovery","Hair may be clipped at the incision site"],"recovery_timeline":[{"phase":"Hospital stay (surgery day through discharge, usually after 3-7 nights)","description":"Neurologic checks, possible initial neuro-intensive or step-down monitoring, pain control, wound care, early walking with assistance and discharge planning.","restrictions":["No driving","Walk only with assistance until cleared","No straining"]},{"phase":"Early home recovery (after discharge through about week 6 after surgery)","description":"Fatigue and headaches improve gradually, wound heals and daily walking increases. Hair washing and wound care follow surgeon instructions.","restrictions":["No heavy lifting or straining","No driving until cleared by surgeon","Avoid contact activity","Avoid alcohol and sedatives unless approved"]},{"phase":"Later recovery (weeks 6-12)","description":"Gradual return to work and normal activity as cleared by surgeon; exercise resumes in steps. Cognitive fatigue may persist in some patients.","restrictions":["Avoid high-impact or contact sports until cleared","Return to physical work only with surgeon approval"]},{"phase":"At any time","description":"Seek urgent care for seizure, new weakness, speech or vision change, severe headache, confusion, vomiting, fever, stiff neck, wound leakage, leg swelling or chest pain.","restrictions":[]}],"rehabilitation_days":{"min":30,"max":90,"unit":"days","qualifier":"After surgery: ordinary functional recovery after uncomplicated surgery; formal neurorehabilitation, if needed, extends this."},"result_longevity":"The scalp scar and replaced bone flap are permanent. Durability of the disease-specific result depends on the diagnosis and any further treatment, so no single figure applies.","revision_rate_pct":{"min":2,"max":6,"unit":"percent","qualifier":"Unplanned return to the operating room within 30 days of elective craniotomy. Later disease-related reoperation excluded."},"scars":"Scalp incision scar, linear or curved, usually partly hidden by hair; a visible or palpable bone flap edge or local hair thinning is possible.","sessions_or_stages":{"sessions":{"min":1,"max":1,"unit":"visits","qualifier":"One planned operation; reoperation or adjuvant therapy is not part of the planned course."},"stages":[{"code":"wound_check","label":"Wound check and suture or staple removal if not absorbable","after":{"min":10,"max":14,"unit":"days","qualifier":"After surgery: uncomplicated healing."}},{"code":"result_review","label":"Review of pathology and postoperative imaging","after":{"min":14,"max":42,"unit":"days","qualifier":"After surgery: timing depends on pathology availability and indication."}}],"qualifier":"Primary protocol is a single standard craniotomy with bone-flap replacement; further treatment depends on diagnosis and is outside this profile."},"success":{"metric":"No unplanned return to the operating room","value":95,"unit":"percent","horizon":"30 days after surgery","population":"Adults after elective uncomplicated standard craniotomy with bone-flap replacement; not disease-specific","evidence_status":"limited"},"techniques":[{"name":"Standard open craniotomy with bone flap replacement","suits_whom":"Accessible intracranial lesions needing open access","recovery":"Hospital stay of several days, then recovery over weeks to months."},{"name":"Awake craniotomy","suits_whom":"Selected lesions near eloquent speech or motor areas","recovery":"Uses sedation and intraoperative testing; recovery timing differs."},{"name":"Neuronavigation-guided or keyhole craniotomy","suits_whom":"Small or deep lesions suitable for smaller openings","recovery":"Often shorter stay and faster early recovery."}],"treatment_conditions":["inpatient"],"treatment_duration_hours":{"min":2,"max":6,"unit":"hours","qualifier":"Typical operative time for uncomplicated standard craniotomy; varies with lesion and complexity, excluding anesthesia induction and recovery."},"initial_assessment_documents":["Brain MRI with contrast (DICOM)","Head CT scan (DICOM)","Radiology reports","Biopsy or pathology report (if available)","Neurology or neurosurgery discharge summary","List of blood thinners and anti-seizure drugs"],"travel_trips":{"min":1,"max":2,"one_trip_possible":true,"qualifier":"Single operation; stay about 2-4 weeks until flight clearance. Second trip only for in-person wound or pathology review."},"clinic_checks":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"C1","text":"Confirm the surgeon is trained and experienced in the exact procedure you are considering, not just in surgery generally","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://www.isaps.org/discover/patients-home/considering-your-procedure-abroad/finding-a-surgeon-abroad/","host":"isaps.org","quote":"Verify that the surgeon is trained and experienced in performing the procedure you are considering.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"C2","text":"Ask for certification information and the name of the body that certified the surgical setting","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://www.isaps.org/discover/patients-home/considering-your-procedure-abroad/finding-a-surgeon-abroad/","host":"isaps.org","quote":"Ask for certification information and the name of the certifying body when assessing a surgical setting.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"C3","text":"Check that the surgeon who consults with you is the same person who will carry out the procedure","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://travelaware.campaign.gov.uk/surgery-abroad-cut-out-the-risk/","host":"travelaware.campaign.gov.uk","quote":"Check that the surgeon you consult with, will be the same person carrying out the procedure.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"C4","text":"Ask whether a doctor is always present in the clinic and whether a high dependency or intensive care unit exists","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://www.bapras.org.uk/public/patient-information/cosmetic-surgery/cosmetic-surgery-abroad","host":"bapras.org.uk","quote":"Is there always a doctor in the clinic and is there a high dependency or intensive care unit?","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"C5","text":"Ask whether the surgeon and the facility use a surgical safety checklist, which can reduce complications","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://www.isaps.org/discover/patients-home/considering-your-procedure-abroad/finding-a-surgeon-abroad/","host":"isaps.org","quote":"Do the surgeon and his/her facility use a safety checklist?","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}}],"checked_at":"2026-11-13","next_check_at":"2027-11-13","version":1},"red_flags":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"F1","text":"An advert or information that guarantees complete success should raise concerns","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://travelaware.campaign.gov.uk/surgery-abroad-cut-out-the-risk/","host":"travelaware.campaign.gov.uk","quote":"Any advert or information that guarantees complete success should raise concerns.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"F2","text":"Forceful persuasion or cheap, time-limited offers pushing you into a quick decision","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://travelaware.campaign.gov.uk/surgery-abroad-cut-out-the-risk/","host":"travelaware.campaign.gov.uk","quote":"Don’t be pressured into quick decisions either through forceful persuasion or cheap, time limited offers.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"F3","text":"A price that sounds too good to be true probably is","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://www.plasticsurgery.org/news/articles/will-economic-uncertainty-drive-more-patients-overseas-for-plastic-surgery-what-to-consider-and-how-to-stretch-your-dollar-back-home","host":"plasticsurgery.org","quote":"If the price sounds too good to be true, it probably is.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}}],"checked_at":"2026-11-13","next_check_at":"2027-11-13","version":1},"warning_signs":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"W1","text":"Severe headaches after surgery","urgency":"contact_clinic","general":false,"source":{"url":"https://www.healthline.com/health/craniotomy","host":"healthline.com","quote":"Contact them immediately if you experience severe headaches, seizures, or signs of a wound infection.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-12","http_status":200}},{"id":"W2","text":"Seizure lasting more than five minutes","urgency":"emergency","general":false,"source":{"url":"https://www.cuh.nhs.uk/patient-information/seizures-following-craniotomy/","host":"cuh.nhs.uk","quote":"A convulsion lasts for more than five minutes.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-12","http_status":200}},{"id":"W3","text":"Sudden difficulty breathing or chest pain","urgency":"emergency","general":true,"source":{"url":"https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/pulmonary-embolism/","host":"nhs.uk","quote":"difficulty breathing that comes on suddenly, chest pain that's worse when you breathe in","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}}],"checked_at":"2026-11-13","next_check_at":"2027-11-13","version":1},"take_home":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"T1","text":"Ask for written details of the procedure before you leave the hospital","document":"written procedure details","source":{"url":"https://rcseng.ac.uk/patient-care/cosmetic-surgery/after-surgery/","host":"rcseng.ac.uk","quote":"After your surgery, before you leave the hospital, ask for written information about the procedure you've had.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"T2","text":"Home doctor needs the clinic's follow-up recommendations in a written discharge summary","document":"discharge summary","source":{"url":"https://sbuhb.nhs.wales/about-us/individual-patient-commissioning/ipc-folder/advice-on-accessing-treatment-abroad","host":"sbuhb.nhs.wales","quote":"When you have treatment abroad, you must ask the treatment provider for their follow-up recommendations documented within a written discharge summary in English.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"T3","text":"Ask for copies of all prescriptions before you leave","document":"prescription copies","source":{"url":"https://travelhealthpro.org.uk/news/699/travelling-abroad-for-treatment","host":"travelhealthpro.org.uk","quote":"Remember to ask for copies of all your treatment records, including prescriptions, scans and x-rays before you leave.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"T4","text":"Home doctor needs the dates for required blood tests and follow-up appointments","document":"written aftercare plan","source":{"url":"https://sbuhb.nhs.wales/about-us/individual-patient-commissioning/ipc-folder/advice-on-accessing-treatment-abroad","host":"sbuhb.nhs.wales","quote":"This should include any medication and doses, as well as any dates that blood tests and follow-up appointments must be carried out.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}}],"checked_at":"2026-11-13","next_check_at":"2027-11-13","version":1},"alternatives":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"A1","text":"Your brain tumor may be treated with radiation therapy","name":"Radiation therapy","source":{"url":"https://medlineplus.gov/braintumors.html","host":"medlineplus.gov","quote":"Treatment options include watchful waiting, surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and targeted therapy.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-12","http_status":200},"operation_id":null},{"id":"A2","text":"Your brain tumor may be treated with chemotherapy","name":"Chemotherapy","source":{"url":"https://medlineplus.gov/braintumors.html","host":"medlineplus.gov","quote":"Treatment options include watchful waiting, surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and targeted therapy.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-12","http_status":200},"operation_id":37}],"checked_at":"2026-11-12","next_check_at":"2027-11-12","version":1},"technique_details":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"standard-open-craniotomy","name":"Standard open craniotomy with bone flap replacement","how_it_works":{"text":"The surgeon opens the scalp and temporarily lifts a piece of skull","source":{"url":"https://www.cuh.nhs.uk/patient-information/living-with-a-brain-tumour-undergoing-neurosurgery/","host":"cuh.nhs.uk","quote":"A craniotomy is where the surgeon makes an incision in your scalp (skin) before temporarily removing a small piece of your skull to expose your brain.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},"recovery_daily":null},{"id":"awake-craniotomy","name":"Awake craniotomy","how_it_works":{"text":"The patient is awake for part of the operation","source":{"url":"https://www.cuh.nhs.uk/patient-information/living-with-a-brain-tumour-undergoing-neurosurgery/","host":"cuh.nhs.uk","quote":"This procedure is carried out much like the craniotomy described above but with you, the patient, being awake for part of the operation.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-12","http_status":200}},"recovery_daily":null},{"id":"neuronavigation-guided-or-keyhole","name":"Neuronavigation-guided or keyhole craniotomy","how_it_works":{"text":"Scan data creates a three-dimensional image guiding the surgeon","source":{"url":"https://www.cuh.nhs.uk/patient-information/living-with-a-brain-tumour-undergoing-neurosurgery/","host":"cuh.nhs.uk","quote":"Together with your scan results, they generate an exact, three-dimensional (3D) image of your head and brain, including your tumour.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},"recovery_daily":null}],"checked_at":"2026-11-13","next_check_at":"2027-11-13","version":1}}},"hrefLanguages":[{"rel":"alternate","hreflang":"ru","language":"ru","href":"https://ru.bookimed.com/clinics/country=italiya/city=rim/procedure=kraniotomiya/"}],"offerFilters":{"offer_count":0,"price_filter":{"from":0,"to":0,"avg":0}},"offersBlock":{},"illnessesByOperation":[{"id":56,"alias":"astrocytoma","name":"Astrocytoma"},{"id":87,"alias":"hypophyseal-adenoma","name":"Pituitary adenoma"},{"id":89,"alias":"arnold-chiari-syndrome","name":"Arnold Chiari syndrome"},{"id":112,"alias":"brain-cancer","name":"Brain Cancer"},{"id":163,"alias":"hydrocephalus","name":"Hydrocephalus"},{"id":236,"alias":"brain-tumor","name":"Brain tumor"},{"id":259,"alias":"meningoblastoma","name":"Meningioma"},{"id":592,"alias":"glioma","name":"Glioma"},{"id":944,"alias":"medulloblastoma","name":"Medulloblastoma"}],"rendersOffersList":false,"fewClinics":true,"topCountriesCount":0}