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Reduces the risk of heart failure and stroke.</span></div> <div>[icon-cons]<b>Cons:</b><span> Some patients may experience arrhythmias post-surgery. Requires hospital stay of 3-5 days.</span></div> <div>[icon-effect]<b>Effectiveness:</b><span> Success rate of 95% in closing the defect and improving heart function.</span></div> <div>[icon-clock]<b>Duration:</b><span> 2-4 hours</span></div> <div>[icon-run]<b>Recovery:</b><span> 2-3 weeks</span></div> <div>[icon-thumbs]<b>Best for:</b><span> Patients with large atrial septal defects causing symptoms or heart enlargement.</span></div> <div>[icon-price]<b>Prices:</b><span> 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sports"]},{"phase":"Return to full activity (weeks 6-12)","description":"Cardiology clearance and gradual return to normal exercise and sports.","restrictions":["Avoid high-impact activity until cleared"]}],"rehabilitation_days":{"min":14,"max":42,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Ordinary functional recovery to routine daily activities after uncomplicated surgery; formal rehabilitation is usually not required."},"result_longevity":"Closure is generally intended to be permanent; long-term cardiology follow-up is advised for residual shunt, arrhythmia and pulmonary pressure, especially if closed later in life.","revision_rate_pct":{"min":0.5,"max":3,"unit":"percent","qualifier":"Reoperation or reintervention for bleeding, tamponade or significant residual shunt within first year."},"scars":"Midline sternotomy scar, or smaller right thoracotomy or minimally invasive scar depending on approach; scars mature over 6-12 months.","sessions_or_stages":{"sessions":{"min":1,"max":1,"unit":"visits","qualifier":"Single operation; routine follow-up checks are counted separately."},"stages":[{"code":"surgical_closure","label":"Surgical closure of the atrial septal defect on cardiopulmonary bypass (direct suture or patch)","after":{"min":0,"max":0,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Performed on the day of surgery."}}],"qualifier":"One-stage repair."},"success":{"metric":"Complete defect closure without significant residual shunt","value":98,"unit":"percent of patients","horizon":"Before discharge to 1 year","population":"Adults with secundum or other ASD undergoing elective surgical closure","evidence_status":"limited"},"techniques":[{"name":"Open surgical closure via median sternotomy with cardiopulmonary bypass (direct suture or patch)","suits_whom":"Larger or complex defects, primum or sinus venosus defects, or associated anomalies.","recovery":"Hospital stay about 4-6 nights; sternal precautions for about 6-8 weeks."},{"name":"Minimally invasive closure via right mini-thoracotomy or partial sternotomy","suits_whom":"Selected patients with uncomplicated defects at experienced centers, often for cosmetic reasons.","recovery":"Often slightly shorter stay and quicker return to activity."}],"treatment_conditions":["inpatient"],"treatment_duration_hours":{"min":2,"max":4,"unit":"hours","qualifier":"Operating time for uncomplicated surgical ASD closure on cardiopulmonary bypass, excluding anesthesia induction and ICU stay."},"initial_assessment_documents":["Echocardiogram report with defect size and type","Echocardiogram video clips (if available)","Cardiologist's report or discharge summary","ECG tracing","Chest X-ray image or report","Cardiac catheterization or cardiac MRI report (if available)"],"travel_trips":{"min":1,"max":1,"one_trip_possible":true,"qualifier":"Single-stage surgery; stay about 10-14 days including 3-6 hospital nights and discharge checks. Later reviews can be done at home."},"clinic_checks":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"C1","text":"Discuss how complications will be addressed with both healthcare professionals","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://www.cdc.gov/yellow-book/hcp/health-care-abroad/medical-tourism.html","host":"cdc.gov","quote":"Medical tourists should discuss the plan for addressing complications related to the treatment or procedure with both their U.S. healthcare professional and the healthcare professional performing the treatment or procedure outside the United States.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":403}},{"id":"C2","text":"Check whether follow-up care is scheduled at the same facility","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://www.cdc.gov/yellow-book/hcp/health-care-abroad/medical-tourism.html","host":"cdc.gov","quote":"Medical tourists should also know whether follow-up care is scheduled to occur at the same facility as the procedure.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":403}},{"id":"C3","text":"Confirm the surgeon is trained and experienced in the exact procedure you are considering, not just in surgery generally","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://www.isaps.org/discover/patients-home/considering-your-procedure-abroad/finding-a-surgeon-abroad/","host":"isaps.org","quote":"Verify that the surgeon is trained and experienced in performing the procedure you are considering.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"C4","text":"Ask for certification information and the name of the body that certified the surgical setting","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://www.isaps.org/discover/patients-home/considering-your-procedure-abroad/finding-a-surgeon-abroad/","host":"isaps.org","quote":"Ask for certification information and the name of the certifying body when assessing a surgical setting.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"C5","text":"Check that the surgeon who consults with you is the same person who will carry out the procedure","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://travelaware.campaign.gov.uk/surgery-abroad-cut-out-the-risk/","host":"travelaware.campaign.gov.uk","quote":"Check that the surgeon you consult with, will be the same person carrying out the procedure.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}}],"checked_at":"2026-11-13","next_check_at":"2027-11-13","version":1},"red_flags":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"F1","text":"The advertisement does not provide comprehensive facility or provider qualifications","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://www.cdc.gov/yellow-book/hcp/health-care-abroad/medical-tourism.html","host":"cdc.gov","quote":"Medical tourism websites marketing directly to travelers might not include (or make available) comprehensive details on the accreditations, certifications, or qualifications of advertised facilities or healthcare professionals.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":403}},{"id":"F2","text":"The facility cannot explain how complications will be addressed","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://www.cdc.gov/yellow-book/hcp/health-care-abroad/medical-tourism.html","host":"cdc.gov","quote":"Medical tourists should discuss the plan for addressing complications related to the treatment or procedure with both their U.S. healthcare professional and the healthcare professional performing the treatment or procedure outside the United States.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":403}},{"id":"F3","text":"An advert or information that guarantees complete success should raise concerns","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://travelaware.campaign.gov.uk/surgery-abroad-cut-out-the-risk/","host":"travelaware.campaign.gov.uk","quote":"Any advert or information that guarantees complete success should raise concerns.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}}],"checked_at":"2026-11-13","next_check_at":"2027-11-13","version":1},"warning_signs":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"W1","text":"Blood, fluid or pus from the incision site","urgency":"emergency","general":false,"source":{"url":"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/22461-asd-closure","host":"my.clevelandclinic.org","quote":"Blood, fluid or pus coming from the incision site.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},{"id":"W2","text":"Fainting or chest pain after ASD closure","urgency":"contact_clinic","general":false,"source":{"url":"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/16838-cardiac-implant-closure-devices-in-adults","host":"my.clevelandclinic.org","quote":"Contact your provider if you faint or have chest pain after receiving an ASD closure device.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},{"id":"W3","text":"Irregular heart rhythm","urgency":"emergency","general":false,"source":{"url":"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/22461-asd-closure","host":"my.clevelandclinic.org","quote":"Irregular heart rhythm, such as a fluttering feeling in your chest.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},{"id":"W4","text":"Shortness of breath","urgency":"emergency","general":false,"source":{"url":"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/22461-asd-closure","host":"my.clevelandclinic.org","quote":"Blood, fluid or pus coming from the incision site. Chest pain. Confusion or fainting. Fever . Pain that gets worse or doesn’t get better with pain medication. Shortness of breath","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},{"id":"W5","text":"Pain that gets worse or does not ease","urgency":"contact_clinic","general":true,"source":{"url":"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/22461-asd-closure","host":"my.clevelandclinic.org","quote":"Pain that gets worse or doesn’t get better with pain medication.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}}],"checked_at":"2026-11-13","next_check_at":"2027-11-13","version":1},"take_home":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"T1","text":"Enables healthcare professionals to continue subsequent care","document":"care documentation","source":{"url":"https://www.cdc.gov/yellow-book/hcp/health-care-abroad/what-to-do-when-sick-abroad.html","host":"cdc.gov","quote":"Remind travelers to request documentation of any medical care received during travel, including a list of medications received.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":403}},{"id":"T2","text":"Ask for written details of the procedure before you leave the hospital","document":"written procedure details","source":{"url":"https://rcseng.ac.uk/patient-care/cosmetic-surgery/after-surgery/","host":"rcseng.ac.uk","quote":"After your surgery, before you leave the hospital, ask for written information about the procedure you've had.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"T3","text":"Home doctor needs the clinic's follow-up recommendations in a written discharge summary","document":"discharge summary","source":{"url":"https://sbuhb.nhs.wales/about-us/individual-patient-commissioning/ipc-folder/advice-on-accessing-treatment-abroad","host":"sbuhb.nhs.wales","quote":"When you have treatment abroad, you must ask the treatment provider for their follow-up recommendations documented within a written discharge summary in English.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"T4","text":"Home doctor needs the dates for required blood tests and follow-up appointments","document":"written aftercare plan","source":{"url":"https://sbuhb.nhs.wales/about-us/individual-patient-commissioning/ipc-folder/advice-on-accessing-treatment-abroad","host":"sbuhb.nhs.wales","quote":"This should include any medication and doses, as well as any dates that blood tests and follow-up appointments must be carried out.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"T5","text":"Ask for copies of all prescriptions before you leave","document":"prescription copies","source":{"url":"https://travelhealthpro.org.uk/news/699/travelling-abroad-for-treatment","host":"travelhealthpro.org.uk","quote":"Remember to ask for copies of all your treatment records, including prescriptions, scans and x-rays before you leave.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}}],"checked_at":"2026-11-13","next_check_at":"2027-11-13","version":1},"alternatives":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"A1","text":"Your ASD is smaller and no other heart conditions need correcting","name":"Transcatheter ASD closure","source":{"url":"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/22461-asd-closure","host":"my.clevelandclinic.org","quote":"If you have a smaller ASD and no other heart conditions that need correcting, you may be able to have transcatheter ASD closure.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200},"operation_id":null}],"checked_at":"2026-11-13","next_check_at":"2027-11-13","version":1},"technique_details":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"open-surgical-closure","name":"Open surgical closure via median sternotomy with cardiopulmonary bypass (direct suture or patch)","how_it_works":{"text":"The surgeon makes a chest incision and closes the 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chest","source":{"url":"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/departments/heart/patient-education/hvti-resources/robotically-assisted-heart-surgery","host":"my.clevelandclinic.org","quote":"Robotically assisted atrial septal defect (ASD) and patent foramen ovale (PFO) repair surgeries are performed through small incisions made in the right side of the 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