{"key":"op_1405_MX","page":{"url":"https://us-uk.bookimed.com/clinics/country=mexico/procedure=top-surgery/","procedure":{"id":1405,"slug":"top-surgery","name":"Top surgery","name_forms":{"plural":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"genitive":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"}},"type":"surgery","grammar_number":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"parent_id":"plastic-surgery","family_attribute":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"}},"country":{"id":40,"iso":"MX","name":"Mexico"},"currency":"USD","data_date":"2025-02-03"},"pages":{"clinics_url":"https://us-uk.bookimed.com/clinics/country=mexico/procedure=top-surgery/","cost_url":"https://us-uk.bookimed.com/clinics/country=mexico/procedure=top-surgery/cost/","best_url":{"status":"missing","reason":"template not live"}},"price":{"from":5800,"to":6500,"avg":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_offers"},"us":{"from":6500,"to":10500},"uk":{"from":6800,"to":10000},"by_technique":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"by_city":[{"city":"Mexicali","from":5800},{"city":"Mexico City","from":3600},{"city":"Cancún","from":4200}],"per_unit":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"factors":["Board-certified plastic surgeons with AMCPER or ISAPS credentials can charge 25%–35% more for their expertise.","Clinics accredited by JCI or affiliated with ASPS may charge 15%–20% more.","Procedures performed in major cities like Cancun or Mexico City can cost up to 30% more due to medical tourism demand.","Double incision vs. keyhole technique can impact cost by 20%–35%, depending on surgical complexity and scarring.","Use of FDA-approved implants or tissue expanders adds 15%–25% to the total cost for chest contouring.","Post-surgical compression garments and drains can add $150–$400 to final expenses, depending on quality and brand."],"tiers":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_offers"},"comparison":[{"country_iso":"UA","from":2200,"to":3500},{"country_iso":"FR","from":5200,"to":8000},{"country_iso":"GB","from":6800,"to":10000},{"country_iso":"US","from":6500,"to":10500},{"country_iso":"IL","from":6500,"to":9500},{"country_iso":"TR","from":3100,"to":7200},{"country_iso":"DE","from":6300,"to":10200},{"country_iso":"CA","from":6500,"to":11000},{"country_iso":"AE","from":4500,"to":7500},{"country_iso":"TH","from":3600,"to":4100},{"country_iso":"PL","from":4300,"to":5600},{"country_iso":"KR","from":4000,"to":7500},{"country_iso":"CZ","from":2800,"to":4500},{"country_iso":"AT","from":6800,"to":10200},{"country_iso":"ES","from":8900,"to":14500},{"country_iso":"IT","from":5200,"to":8500},{"country_iso":"CN","from":4500,"to":7500},{"country_iso":"AU","from":7500,"to":11500},{"country_iso":"IN","from":3200,"to":5200},{"country_iso":"MY","from":4200,"to":6500},{"country_iso":"VN","from":2800,"to":5000},{"country_iso":"BR","from":3800,"to":6800}],"base_country":"US","base_is_fallback":false},"savings":{"pct":11,"variant":"ranges_overlap"},"package":{"included":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_offers"},"excluded":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_offers"},"extra_charges":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"}},"clinics":{"count":2,"items":[{"id":692,"name":"Hospital de la Familia","city":"Mexicali","rating":4.2,"reviews_count":45,"accreditations":["Consejo de Salubridad General","Consejo Mexicano de Oftalmología"],"rank":1,"has_procedure":true,"why_ranked":"Offers customized top surgery techniques with a board-certified plastic surgeon who has performed over 7,000 surgeries with no fatalities. Includes comprehensive care packages.","bookimed_stats":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_published"},"procedure_description":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"offers":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_offers"}},{"id":684,"name":"Panama Plastic Surgery","city":"Cancún","rating":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"reviews_count":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"accreditations":["Asociación Mexicana de Cirugía Plástica, Estética y Reconstructiva","American Society of Plastic Surgeons","Consejo Mexicano de Cirugía Plástica, Estética y Reconstructiva"],"rank":2,"has_procedure":true,"why_ranked":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"bookimed_stats":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_published"},"procedure_description":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"offers":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_offers"}}]},"doctors":{"count":2,"languages":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"}},"cities":[{"id":437,"slug":"mexicali","name":"Mexicali","clinics_count":1,"price_from":5800,"profile":{"city_type":"Border city opposite Calexico, California","access":["Calexico crossing, about five minute walk into Mexicali","Mexicali Airport (MXL), 20 km east of the city"],"sources":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexicali","https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Mexicali"],"checked_at":"2026-11-03","status":"ok"}},{"id":423,"slug":"mexico-city","name":"Mexico City","clinics_count":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"price_from":3600,"profile":{"city_type":"Capital and largest city of Mexico","access":["Mexico City Airport (MEX), 5 km east of downtown"],"sources":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexico_City","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexico_City_International_Airport"],"checked_at":"2026-11-03","status":"ok"}},{"id":454,"slug":"cancun","name":"Cancún","clinics_count":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"price_from":4200,"profile":{"city_type":"Planned Mexican tourist destination city","access":["Cancún Airport (CUN), under 10 km from the Hotel Zone"],"sources":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancún","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancún_International_Airport"],"checked_at":"2026-11-03","status":"ok"}}],"offers":{"active":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_offers"},"active_with_related":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_offers"},"hospital_nights_median":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_offers"},"days_in_country_median":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_offers"},"top_offers":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_offers"},"packages":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_offers"},"related_packages":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_offers"},"other_packages":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_offers"}},"medical":{"indications":["Gender dysphoria in transgender or non-binary people seeking masculine chest","Persistent chest dysphoria affecting daily life or well-being"],"contraindications":["Active smoking or nicotine use (relative; stop before surgery)","Uncontrolled medical conditions (e.g., heart disease, diabetes, hypertension)","Active infection or unhealed skin disease in the chest area","Bleeding disorders or inability to stop anticoagulants (relative)","Severe untreated mental illness impairing consent or aftercare","Pregnancy","Very high BMI (relative; may increase risk and affect result)"],"operation_hours":{"min":2,"max":4,"unit":"hours","qualifier":"Operating time for bilateral chest masculinization in a typical uncomplicated case."},"anesthesia":["general"],"sessions_or_stages":{"sessions":{"min":1,"max":1,"unit":"visits","qualifier":"One surgical procedure; revision is occasional and not routine."},"stages":[{"code":"surgery","label":"Chest masculinization surgery","after":{"min":0,"max":0,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Performed at the initial procedure."}}],"qualifier":"Single-stage operation in a typical uncomplicated case."},"hospital_nights":{"value":{"min":0,"max":1,"unit":"nights","qualifier":"Typical uncomplicated chest masculinization (double incision or similar) with discharge same day or after one night; drains may be placed."},"source":"parsed_details"},"treatment_conditions":["day_case"],"rehabilitation_days":{"min":7,"max":14,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Daily activities and desk work resume in 1-2 weeks; heavy lifting takes about 4-6 weeks, not counted."},"fly_home_after_days":{"min":7,"max":14,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Drains come out at 2-3 days; flying is allowed after the 1-week review if no complications and surgeon approves."},"back_to_work_days":{"min":7,"max":21,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Desk-based work after uncomplicated chest masculinization; physical or heavy-lifting work usually needs longer (about 4-6 weeks)."},"exercise_resume_weeks":{"min":4,"max":6,"unit":"weeks","qualifier":"Light walking early; upper-body and chest-loading exercise generally resumed gradually after surgeon clearance, often 4-6 weeks or later."},"final_result_months":{"min":6,"max":12,"unit":"months","qualifier":"Swelling, scar maturation and chest contour settle gradually; scars continue to mature longer."},"result_longevity":"Results are generally long-lasting, though contour may change with significant weight change, and revision may sometimes be desired.","main_risks":["Hematoma or seroma","Infection","Delayed wound healing or wound separation","Partial or total nipple-areola graft loss","Altered or reduced nipple/chest sensation","Visible scarring, hypertrophic scars or keloid","Contour irregularities, asymmetry or residual tissue (dog-ears)","Need for revision surgery","Anesthesia-related risks and venous thromboembolism"],"complication_rate_pct":{"min":3,"max":8,"unit":"percent","qualifier":"Major early complications needing intervention: hematoma, deep infection, wound dehiscence, major nipple-graft loss. Minor events excluded."},"revision_rate_pct":{"min":5,"max":15,"unit":"percent","qualifier":"Secondary surgery for contour irregularity, dog-ears, scar or nipple correction; higher with periareolar technique and larger chests."},"success":{"metric":"Patient satisfaction with chest outcome after gender-affirming mastectomy","value":92,"horizon":"6 months or longer after surgery","source":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"evidence_status":"limited"},"scars":"Double incision leaves horizontal scars along the lower chest border and around grafted nipples; periareolar technique leaves scars around the areola. Scars fade over 12 months or more but remain permanent.","pain":"Mild to moderate soreness, tightness and pressure for the first several days, usually controlled with oral analgesics; improves substantially within 1-2 weeks.","preparation":["Surgical consultation and eligibility/readiness assessment according to local standards","Pre-operative medical evaluation and baseline tests as needed","Stop smoking and nicotine well before and after surgery","Review medications and supplements with the surgeon","Fasting before general anesthesia as instructed","Arrange transport and help at home for the first days","Obtain a compression garment and plan for drains if used"],"recovery_timeline":[{"phase":"Days 0-7","description":"Rest with compression dressing or binder; drains may be in place; swelling and bruising peak.","restrictions":["No heavy lifting","Avoid raising arms above shoulder level","No driving while on opioid analgesics"]},{"phase":"Weeks 2-4","description":"Return to light daily activity and desk work; sutures and dressings removed; compression continues.","restrictions":["No strenuous exercise","Avoid lifting heavy objects"]},{"phase":"Weeks 4-6","description":"Gradual return to normal activity and light exercise with surgeon clearance.","restrictions":["Avoid chest-loading and strenuous upper-body exercise until cleared"]},{"phase":"Months 3-12","description":"Swelling resolves, sensation changes evolve and scars mature.","restrictions":["Sun protection and scar care as advised"]}],"follow_up_visits":[{"purpose":"wound_check","requirement":"routine","after":{"min":2,"max":7,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Early check, drain removal and dressing change if applicable."}},{"purpose":"suture_removal","requirement":"conditional","after":{"min":7,"max":14,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Only for non-absorbable sutures; dressings or nipple graft bolsters removed around 1 week."}},{"purpose":"result_review","requirement":"routine","after":{"min":90,"max":180,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Assessment of contour, scarring and possible revision needs."}}],"sources":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"clinic_checks":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"C1","text":"Ask whether the surgeon has specific training in chest masculinization techniques","scope":"procedure","source":{"url":"https://www.plasticsurgery.org/reconstructive-procedures/chest-masculinization-surgery/questions","host":"plasticsurgery.org","quote":"What specific training do you have in chest masculinization surgery techniques?","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-12","http_status":200}},{"id":"C2","text":"Ask whether the surgeon has hospital privileges to perform this specific procedure","scope":"procedure","source":{"url":"https://www.plasticsurgery.org/reconstructive-procedures/chest-masculinization-surgery/questions","host":"plasticsurgery.org","quote":"Do you have hospital privileges to perform this procedure?","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-12","http_status":200}},{"id":"C3","text":"Ask to see before-and-after photos for this procedure and what results are reasonable for you","scope":"procedure","source":{"url":"https://www.plasticsurgery.org/reconstructive-procedures/chest-masculinization-surgery/questions","host":"plasticsurgery.org","quote":"Do you have before and after photos I can look at for this procedure, and what results are reasonable for me?","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-12","http_status":200}},{"id":"C4","text":"Confirm who will provide your post-operative care and arrange a consultation with that physician before travel","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://www.orthoinfo.org/en/treatment/what-to-know-about-medical-tourism","host":"orthoinfo.org","quote":"Schedule a pre-travel consultation with the physician you anticipate will perform your post-operative care.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-12","http_status":200}},{"id":"C5","text":"Ask what the risks and complications of your specific procedure are","scope":"procedure","source":{"url":"https://www.plasticsurgery.org/reconstructive-procedures/chest-masculinization-surgery/questions","host":"plasticsurgery.org","quote":"What are the risks and complications associated with my procedure?","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-12","http_status":200}},{"id":"C6","text":"Ask what options exist if you are dissatisfied with the outcome","scope":"procedure","source":{"url":"https://www.plasticsurgery.org/reconstructive-procedures/chest-masculinization-surgery/questions","host":"plasticsurgery.org","quote":"What are my options if I am dissatisfied with the outcome?","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-12","http_status":200}},{"id":"C7","text":"Ask when postoperative appointments should be scheduled","scope":"procedure","source":{"url":"https://www.plasticsurgery.org/reconstructive-procedures/chest-masculinization-surgery/questions","host":"plasticsurgery.org","quote":"When should I expect to come back for postoperative appointments?","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-12","http_status":200}}],"checked_at":"2026-11-12","next_check_at":"2027-11-12","version":1},"red_flags":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"F1","text":"Clinic does not let you meet the surgeon who will operate before surgery day","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://plasticsurgery.org/news/articles/medical-tourism-what-you-need-to-know-about-traveling-for-plastic-surgery","host":"plasticsurgery.org","quote":"If they don't have the opportunity to meet with the surgeon who's actually performing the procedure before the day of surgery, I would say that's a huge, major red flag,\" said Hadeed.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-12","http_status":200}},{"id":"F2","text":"An offer that seems too good to be true calls for caution","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://www.plasticsurgery.org/news/blog/why-plastic-surgery-tourism-isnt-necessarily-a-good-deal","host":"plasticsurgery.org","quote":"Just be weary of any deal that seems too good to be true.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-12","http_status":200}},{"id":"F3","text":"An advert or information that guarantees complete success should raise concerns","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://travelaware.campaign.gov.uk/surgery-abroad-cut-out-the-risk/","host":"travelaware.campaign.gov.uk","quote":"Any advert or information that guarantees complete success should raise concerns.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}}],"checked_at":"2026-11-12","next_check_at":"2027-11-12","version":1},"warning_signs":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"W1","text":"Shortness of breath or chest pain after surgery","urgency":"emergency","general":false,"source":{"url":"https://www.plasticsurgery.org/reconstructive-procedures/transmasculine-top-surgery/results","host":"plasticsurgery.org","quote":"When you go home, if you experience shortness of breath, chest pains or unusual heartbeats, seek medical attention immediately.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-12","http_status":200}},{"id":"W2","text":"Unusual heartbeats after surgery","urgency":"emergency","general":false,"source":{"url":"https://www.plasticsurgery.org/reconstructive-procedures/transmasculine-top-surgery/results","host":"plasticsurgery.org","quote":"When you go home, if you experience shortness of breath, chest pains or unusual heartbeats, seek medical attention immediately.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-12","http_status":200}},{"id":"W3","text":"Redness, heat or discharge at incisions","urgency":"contact_clinic","general":false,"source":{"url":"https://www.hey.nhs.uk/patient-leaflet/gender-reassignment-surgery-female-male-breast-surgery/","host":"hey.nhs.uk","quote":"Any signs of redness, heat, discharge or raised temperature needs to be reported to your health care team.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-12","http_status":200}}],"checked_at":"2026-11-12","next_check_at":"2027-11-12","version":1},"take_home":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"T1","text":"Lets the home doctor review the overseas imaging for follow-up care","document":"x-rays and scan images","source":{"url":"https://travelhealthpro.org.uk/factsheet/59/medical-tourism-travelling-for-treatment","host":"travelhealthpro.org.uk","quote":"Travellers should ensure they have copies of all overseas medical records, including x-rays and scans, before departure.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-12","http_status":200}},{"id":"T2","text":"Gives the home doctor the provider's follow-up recommendations in writing","document":"discharge summary in english","source":{"url":"https://sbuhb.nhs.wales/about-us/individual-patient-commissioning/ipc-folder/advice-on-accessing-treatment-abroad","host":"sbuhb.nhs.wales","quote":"When you have treatment abroad, you must ask the treatment provider for their follow-up recommendations documented within a written discharge summary in English.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-12","http_status":200}},{"id":"T3","text":"Ask for written details of the procedure before you leave the hospital","document":"written procedure details","source":{"url":"https://rcseng.ac.uk/patient-care/cosmetic-surgery/after-surgery/","host":"rcseng.ac.uk","quote":"After your surgery, before you leave the hospital, ask for written information about the procedure you've had.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"T4","text":"Ask for copies of all prescriptions before you leave","document":"prescription copies","source":{"url":"https://travelhealthpro.org.uk/news/699/travelling-abroad-for-treatment","host":"travelhealthpro.org.uk","quote":"Remember to ask for copies of all your treatment records, including prescriptions, scans and x-rays before you leave.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"T5","text":"Home doctor needs the dates for required blood tests and follow-up appointments","document":"written aftercare plan","source":{"url":"https://sbuhb.nhs.wales/about-us/individual-patient-commissioning/ipc-folder/advice-on-accessing-treatment-abroad","host":"sbuhb.nhs.wales","quote":"This should include any medication and doses, as well as any dates that blood tests and follow-up appointments must be carried out.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}}],"checked_at":"2026-11-12","next_check_at":"2027-11-12","version":1}},"parsed_details":{"procedure_type":"surgery","fields":{"anesthesia":["general"],"back_to_work_days":{"min":7,"max":21,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Desk-based work after uncomplicated chest masculinization; physical or heavy-lifting work usually needs longer (about 4-6 weeks)."},"complication_rate_pct":{"min":3,"max":8,"unit":"percent","qualifier":"Major early complications needing intervention: hematoma, deep infection, wound dehiscence, major nipple-graft loss. Minor events excluded."},"contraindications":["Active smoking or nicotine use (relative; stop before surgery)","Uncontrolled medical conditions (e.g., heart disease, diabetes, hypertension)","Active infection or unhealed skin disease in the chest area","Bleeding disorders or inability to stop anticoagulants (relative)","Severe untreated mental illness impairing consent or aftercare","Pregnancy","Very high BMI (relative; may increase risk and affect result)"],"days_in_clinic":{"min":0,"max":1,"unit":"nights","qualifier":"Typical uncomplicated chest masculinization (double incision or similar) with discharge same day or after one night; drains may be placed."},"diagnostic_duration_minutes":null,"diagnostic_preparation":null,"diagnostic_referral_needed":null,"diagnostic_result_time_hours":null,"exercise_resume_weeks":{"min":4,"max":6,"unit":"weeks","qualifier":"Light walking early; upper-body and chest-loading exercise generally resumed gradually after surgeon clearance, often 4-6 weeks or later."},"final_result_months":{"min":6,"max":12,"unit":"months","qualifier":"Swelling, scar maturation and chest contour settle gradually; scars continue to mature longer."},"fly_home_after_days":{"min":7,"max":14,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Drains come out at 2-3 days; flying is allowed after the 1-week review if no complications and surgeon approves."},"follow_up_visits":[{"purpose":"wound_check","requirement":"routine","after":{"min":2,"max":7,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Early check, drain removal and dressing change if applicable."}},{"purpose":"suture_removal","requirement":"conditional","after":{"min":7,"max":14,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Only for non-absorbable sutures; dressings or nipple graft bolsters removed around 1 week."}},{"purpose":"result_review","requirement":"routine","after":{"min":90,"max":180,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Assessment of contour, scarring and possible revision needs."}}],"indications":["Gender dysphoria in transgender or non-binary people seeking masculine chest","Persistent chest dysphoria affecting daily life or well-being"],"main_risks":["Hematoma or seroma","Infection","Delayed wound healing or wound separation","Partial or total nipple-areola graft loss","Altered or reduced nipple/chest sensation","Visible scarring, hypertrophic scars or keloid","Contour irregularities, asymmetry or residual tissue (dog-ears)","Need for revision surgery","Anesthesia-related risks and venous thromboembolism"],"pain":"Mild to moderate soreness, tightness and pressure for the first several days, usually controlled with oral analgesics; improves substantially within 1-2 weeks.","preparation":["Surgical consultation and eligibility/readiness assessment according to local standards","Pre-operative medical evaluation and baseline tests as needed","Stop smoking and nicotine well before and after surgery","Review medications and supplements with the surgeon","Fasting before general anesthesia as instructed","Arrange transport and help at home for the first days","Obtain a compression garment and plan for drains if used"],"recovery_timeline":[{"phase":"Days 0-7","description":"Rest with compression dressing or binder; drains may be in place; swelling and bruising peak.","restrictions":["No heavy lifting","Avoid raising arms above shoulder level","No driving while on opioid analgesics"]},{"phase":"Weeks 2-4","description":"Return to light daily activity and desk work; sutures and dressings removed; compression continues.","restrictions":["No strenuous exercise","Avoid lifting heavy objects"]},{"phase":"Weeks 4-6","description":"Gradual return to normal activity and light exercise with surgeon clearance.","restrictions":["Avoid chest-loading and strenuous upper-body exercise until cleared"]},{"phase":"Months 3-12","description":"Swelling resolves, sensation changes evolve and scars mature.","restrictions":["Sun protection and scar care as advised"]}],"rehabilitation_days":{"min":7,"max":14,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Daily activities and desk work resume in 1-2 weeks; heavy lifting takes about 4-6 weeks, not counted."},"result_longevity":"Results are generally long-lasting, though contour may change with significant weight change, and revision may sometimes be desired.","revision_rate_pct":{"min":5,"max":15,"unit":"percent","qualifier":"Secondary surgery for contour irregularity, dog-ears, scar or nipple correction; higher with periareolar technique and larger chests."},"scars":"Double incision leaves horizontal scars along the lower chest border and around grafted nipples; periareolar technique leaves scars around the areola. Scars fade over 12 months or more but remain permanent.","sessions_or_stages":{"sessions":{"min":1,"max":1,"unit":"visits","qualifier":"One surgical procedure; revision is occasional and not routine."},"stages":[{"code":"surgery","label":"Chest masculinization surgery","after":{"min":0,"max":0,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Performed at the initial procedure."}}],"qualifier":"Single-stage operation in a typical uncomplicated case."},"success":{"metric":"Patient satisfaction with chest outcome after gender-affirming mastectomy","value":92,"unit":"percent satisfied","horizon":"6 months or longer after surgery","population":"Transmasculine and non-binary adults after gender-affirming mastectomy","evidence_status":"limited"},"techniques":[{"name":"Double incision with free nipple graft","suits_whom":"Moderate to large chests or those with significant excess skin.","recovery":"Drains often used; graft bolster removed at about 1 week; recovery of about 4-6 weeks."},{"name":"Periareolar (circumareolar) technique","suits_whom":"Smaller chests with good skin elasticity and limited excess skin.","recovery":"Often quicker with smaller scars; light activity resumed in 1-2 weeks."},{"name":"Keyhole technique","suits_whom":"Small chests with minimal excess tissue and good skin elasticity, sometimes with liposuction.","recovery":"Short recovery; return to light activity in about 1 week."}],"treatment_conditions":["day_case"],"treatment_duration_hours":{"min":2,"max":4,"unit":"hours","qualifier":"Operating time for bilateral chest masculinization in a typical uncomplicated case."},"initial_assessment_documents":["Front, side and oblique chest photos","Current medication and blood thinner list","Recent blood test results","Mammogram or breast ultrasound (if available)","Surgeon letter for hormone therapy (if available)"],"travel_trips":{"min":1,"max":1,"one_trip_possible":true,"qualifier":"Single-stage surgery; stay 7-14 days for drain removal, dressing check and flight clearance. Later reviews can be remote."},"clinic_checks":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"C1","text":"Ask whether the surgeon has specific training in chest masculinization techniques","scope":"procedure","source":{"url":"https://www.plasticsurgery.org/reconstructive-procedures/chest-masculinization-surgery/questions","host":"plasticsurgery.org","quote":"What specific training do you have in chest masculinization surgery techniques?","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-12","http_status":200}},{"id":"C2","text":"Ask whether the surgeon has hospital privileges to perform this specific procedure","scope":"procedure","source":{"url":"https://www.plasticsurgery.org/reconstructive-procedures/chest-masculinization-surgery/questions","host":"plasticsurgery.org","quote":"Do you have hospital privileges to perform this procedure?","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-12","http_status":200}},{"id":"C3","text":"Ask to see before-and-after photos for this procedure and what results are reasonable for you","scope":"procedure","source":{"url":"https://www.plasticsurgery.org/reconstructive-procedures/chest-masculinization-surgery/questions","host":"plasticsurgery.org","quote":"Do you have before and after photos I can look at for this procedure, and what results are reasonable for me?","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-12","http_status":200}},{"id":"C4","text":"Confirm who will provide your post-operative care and arrange a consultation with that physician before travel","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://www.orthoinfo.org/en/treatment/what-to-know-about-medical-tourism","host":"orthoinfo.org","quote":"Schedule a pre-travel consultation with the physician you anticipate will perform your post-operative care.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-12","http_status":200}},{"id":"C5","text":"Ask what the risks and complications of your specific procedure are","scope":"procedure","source":{"url":"https://www.plasticsurgery.org/reconstructive-procedures/chest-masculinization-surgery/questions","host":"plasticsurgery.org","quote":"What are the risks and complications associated with my procedure?","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-12","http_status":200}},{"id":"C6","text":"Ask what options exist if you are dissatisfied with the outcome","scope":"procedure","source":{"url":"https://www.plasticsurgery.org/reconstructive-procedures/chest-masculinization-surgery/questions","host":"plasticsurgery.org","quote":"What are my options if I am dissatisfied with the outcome?","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-12","http_status":200}},{"id":"C7","text":"Ask when postoperative appointments should be scheduled","scope":"procedure","source":{"url":"https://www.plasticsurgery.org/reconstructive-procedures/chest-masculinization-surgery/questions","host":"plasticsurgery.org","quote":"When should I expect to come back for postoperative appointments?","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-12","http_status":200}}],"checked_at":"2026-11-12","next_check_at":"2027-11-12","version":1},"red_flags":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"F1","text":"Clinic does not let you meet the surgeon who will operate before surgery day","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://plasticsurgery.org/news/articles/medical-tourism-what-you-need-to-know-about-traveling-for-plastic-surgery","host":"plasticsurgery.org","quote":"If they don't have the opportunity to meet with the surgeon who's actually performing the procedure before the day of surgery, I would say that's a huge, major red flag,\" said Hadeed.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-12","http_status":200}},{"id":"F2","text":"An offer that seems too good to be true calls for caution","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://www.plasticsurgery.org/news/blog/why-plastic-surgery-tourism-isnt-necessarily-a-good-deal","host":"plasticsurgery.org","quote":"Just be weary of any deal that seems too good to be true.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-12","http_status":200}},{"id":"F3","text":"An advert or information that guarantees complete success should raise concerns","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://travelaware.campaign.gov.uk/surgery-abroad-cut-out-the-risk/","host":"travelaware.campaign.gov.uk","quote":"Any advert or information that guarantees complete success should raise concerns.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}}],"checked_at":"2026-11-12","next_check_at":"2027-11-12","version":1},"warning_signs":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"W1","text":"Shortness of breath or chest pain after surgery","urgency":"emergency","general":false,"source":{"url":"https://www.plasticsurgery.org/reconstructive-procedures/transmasculine-top-surgery/results","host":"plasticsurgery.org","quote":"When you go home, if you experience shortness of breath, chest pains or unusual heartbeats, seek medical attention immediately.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-12","http_status":200}},{"id":"W2","text":"Unusual heartbeats after surgery","urgency":"emergency","general":false,"source":{"url":"https://www.plasticsurgery.org/reconstructive-procedures/transmasculine-top-surgery/results","host":"plasticsurgery.org","quote":"When you go home, if you experience shortness of breath, chest pains or unusual heartbeats, seek medical attention immediately.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-12","http_status":200}},{"id":"W3","text":"Redness, heat or discharge at incisions","urgency":"contact_clinic","general":false,"source":{"url":"https://www.hey.nhs.uk/patient-leaflet/gender-reassignment-surgery-female-male-breast-surgery/","host":"hey.nhs.uk","quote":"Any signs of redness, heat, discharge or raised temperature needs to be reported to your health care team.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-12","http_status":200}}],"checked_at":"2026-11-12","next_check_at":"2027-11-12","version":1},"take_home":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"T1","text":"Lets the home doctor review the overseas imaging for follow-up care","document":"x-rays and scan images","source":{"url":"https://travelhealthpro.org.uk/factsheet/59/medical-tourism-travelling-for-treatment","host":"travelhealthpro.org.uk","quote":"Travellers should ensure they have copies of all overseas medical records, including x-rays and scans, before departure.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-12","http_status":200}},{"id":"T2","text":"Gives the home doctor the provider's follow-up recommendations in writing","document":"discharge summary in english","source":{"url":"https://sbuhb.nhs.wales/about-us/individual-patient-commissioning/ipc-folder/advice-on-accessing-treatment-abroad","host":"sbuhb.nhs.wales","quote":"When you have treatment abroad, you must ask the treatment provider for their follow-up recommendations documented within a written discharge summary in English.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-12","http_status":200}},{"id":"T3","text":"Ask for written details of the procedure before you leave the hospital","document":"written procedure details","source":{"url":"https://rcseng.ac.uk/patient-care/cosmetic-surgery/after-surgery/","host":"rcseng.ac.uk","quote":"After your surgery, before you leave the hospital, ask for written information about the procedure you've had.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"T4","text":"Ask for copies of all prescriptions before you leave","document":"prescription copies","source":{"url":"https://travelhealthpro.org.uk/news/699/travelling-abroad-for-treatment","host":"travelhealthpro.org.uk","quote":"Remember to ask for copies of all your treatment records, including prescriptions, scans and x-rays before you leave.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"T5","text":"Home doctor needs the dates for required blood tests and follow-up appointments","document":"written aftercare plan","source":{"url":"https://sbuhb.nhs.wales/about-us/individual-patient-commissioning/ipc-folder/advice-on-accessing-treatment-abroad","host":"sbuhb.nhs.wales","quote":"This should include any medication and doses, as well as any dates that blood tests and follow-up appointments must be carried out.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}}],"checked_at":"2026-11-12","next_check_at":"2027-11-12","version":1},"alternatives":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_official_source","checked_at":"2026-11-12","next_check_at":"2027-02-10"},"technique_details":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"double-incision","name":"Double incision with free nipple graft","how_it_works":{"text":"The nipple and areola are removed, reduced and repositioned higher","source":{"url":"https://www.plasticsurgery.org/reconstructive-procedures/chest-masculinization-surgery/procedure","host":"plasticsurgery.org","quote":"Typically, the nipple and areola are removed, reduced in size and repositioned higher on the chest.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-12","http_status":200}},"recovery_daily":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_official_source"}},{"id":"periareolar-technique","name":"Periareolar (circumareolar) technique","how_it_works":{"text":"A circular cut around the areola leaves the nipple partly attached","source":{"url":"https://www.hey.nhs.uk/patient-leaflet/gender-reassignment-surgery-female-male-breast-surgery/","host":"hey.nhs.uk","quote":"A periareolar reduction may be used by making a circular cut around the outer edge of the areola, leaving the nipple partially attached.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-12","http_status":200}},"recovery_daily":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_official_source"}},{"id":"keyhole-technique","name":"Keyhole technique","how_it_works":{"text":"A small incision at the areola's lower edge removes breast tissue","source":{"url":"https://www.plasticsurgery.org/reconstructive-procedures/chest-masculinization-surgery/procedure","host":"plasticsurgery.org","quote":"Your surgeon will make a small incision around the lower border of the areola of each breast and remove the excess breast tissue.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-12","http_status":200}},"recovery_daily":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_official_source"}}],"checked_at":"2026-11-12","next_check_at":"2027-11-12","version":1}}},"techniques":[{"id":"double-incision","name":"Double incision with free nipple graft","how_it_works":{"id":"H1","text":"The nipple and areola are removed, reduced and repositioned higher","source":{"url":"https://www.plasticsurgery.org/reconstructive-procedures/chest-masculinization-surgery/procedure","host":"plasticsurgery.org","quote":"Typically, the nipple and areola are removed, reduced in size and repositioned higher on the chest.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-12","http_status":200}},"recovery_daily":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_official_source"},"suits_whom":"Moderate to large chests or those with significant excess skin.","price_from":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"recovery":"Drains often used; graft bolster removed at about 1 week; recovery of about 4-6 weeks."},{"id":"periareolar-technique","name":"Periareolar (circumareolar) technique","how_it_works":{"id":"H1","text":"A circular cut around the areola leaves the nipple partly attached","source":{"url":"https://www.hey.nhs.uk/patient-leaflet/gender-reassignment-surgery-female-male-breast-surgery/","host":"hey.nhs.uk","quote":"A periareolar reduction may be used by making a circular cut around the outer edge of the areola, leaving the nipple partially attached.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-12","http_status":200}},"recovery_daily":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_official_source"},"suits_whom":"Smaller chests with good skin elasticity and limited excess skin.","price_from":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"recovery":"Often quicker with smaller scars; light activity resumed in 1-2 weeks."},{"id":"keyhole-technique","name":"Keyhole technique","how_it_works":{"id":"H1","text":"A small incision at the areola's lower edge removes breast tissue","source":{"url":"https://www.plasticsurgery.org/reconstructive-procedures/chest-masculinization-surgery/procedure","host":"plasticsurgery.org","quote":"Your surgeon will make a small incision around the lower border of the areola of each breast and remove the excess breast tissue.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-12","http_status":200}},"recovery_daily":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_official_source"},"suits_whom":"Small chests with minimal excess tissue and good skin elasticity, sometimes with liposuction.","price_from":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"recovery":"Short recovery; return to light activity in about 1 week."}],"alternatives":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_official_source","checked_at":"2026-11-12","next_check_at":"2027-02-10"},"diagnostic":{"status":"not_applicable"},"country":{"why":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_official_source","checked_at":"2026-11-12","next_check_at":"2027-02-10"},"travel":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"V1","item":"visa","audience":"uk","volatile":true,"text":"British travelers visiting Mexico as tourists do not need a visa","source":{"url":"https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/mexico/entry-requirements","host":"gov.uk","quote":"If you’re visiting Mexico as a tourist, you do not need a visa.","tier":"official_travel","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"V2","item":"passport_validity","audience":"uk","volatile":true,"text":"Your passport must be valid for the whole length of your stay in Mexico","source":{"url":"https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/mexico/entry-requirements","host":"gov.uk","quote":"To enter Mexico, your passport must be valid for the duration of your stay.","tier":"official_travel","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"V3","item":"passport_validity","audience":"us","volatile":true,"text":"For air travel, a passport book is required to enter Mexico","source":{"url":"https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/international-travel/International-Travel-Country-Information-Pages/Mexico.html","host":"travel.state.gov","quote":"Air travel: You need a passport book to enter Mexico.","tier":"official_travel","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":403}},{"id":"V4","item":"arrival_form","audience":"uk","volatile":true,"text":"British nationals entering Mexico by land must complete an immigration form online","source":{"url":"https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/mexico/entry-requirements","host":"gov.uk","quote":"British nationals entering Mexico by land must fill in an immigration form online.","tier":"official_travel","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"V5","item":"medicines","audience":"us","volatile":false,"text":"U.S. travelers can be arrested for bringing over-the-counter or prescription medicine that is illegal in Mexico, even with a U.S. doctor's letter or prescription","source":{"url":"https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/international-travel/International-Travel-Country-Information-Pages/Mexico.html","host":"travel.state.gov","quote":"You could be arrested if your over the counter or prescription medicine is illegal in Mexico, even with a U.S. doctor’s letter or prescription.","tier":"official_travel","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":403}},{"id":"V6","item":"land_border","audience":"us","volatile":false,"text":"All travelers entering Mexico by land need a passport book or card and must apply for an FMM entry permit online or from an INM office","source":{"url":"https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/international-travel/International-Travel-Country-Information-Pages/Mexico.html","host":"travel.state.gov","quote":"By land: All travelers are required to have a passport book or card and apply for an FMM, online or from an INM office, including travelers who are only staying within 12 miles from the border (or 20 kilometers)","tier":"official_travel","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":403}},{"id":"V7","item":"emergency_number","audience":"all","volatile":false,"text":"Dial 911 in Mexico and ask for an ambulance","source":{"url":"https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/mexico/health","host":"gov.uk","quote":"Dial 911 and ask for an ambulance.","tier":"official_travel","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}}],"checked_at":"2026-11-12","next_check_at":"2026-12-12","version":1},"other_countries_with_page":["brazil","colombia","poland","republic-of-korea","spain","thailand","turkey","united-kingdom"]},"often_combined_with":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"reviews":{"avg_rating":4.2,"count":45,"scope":"clinic","rating_scale":5,"pros":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"cons":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"}},"current":{"seo_text":"

Top surgery in Mexico typically costs from _op_1405_price_from_ to _op_1405_price_to_. The final price depends on the surgical technique, clinic location, and surgeon fees. Patients save around _price_percent_discount_% compared to the US, where this procedure costs _price_compare_US_average_ on average. Standard medical packages often include surgeon fees, anesthesia, a hospital stay, and follow-up garments.

\n\n\n\n

Bookimed Expert Insight: Choosing clinics in Mexicali or Tijuana offers significant value for North American patients. Hospital de la Familia is located steps from the California border, reducing travel costs. For those seeking highly certified expertise, Dr. Israel Villalobos in Guadalajara holds AMCPER and ISAPS certifications. This ensures international safety standards are met while maintaining the competitive pricing Mexico is known for.

","faq":[{"q":"What Should You Know about Mexico before the Trip?","a":"

Currency

Mexican peso (you also can pay for services in dollars)

Best period for the trip

December-April

Language

Spanish (most of medical staff speaks English fluently)

Visa

required for some countries

Time difference with Europe

7 hours

Time difference with the USA

1 hour

Capital

Mexico City

Medical tourism center

Mexico City

Popular resorts

Central and Southern Mexico

"},{"q":"What hotel services are provided here?","a":"

In Mexico, hotels of different price ranges and service levels are presented. Most tourists choose 4 and 5 star hotels with all-inclusive meals. Such hotels have everything for a comfortable stay: varied food, a large well-groomed territory, animation for children and adults. Some hotels have their own water park, which guests can use for free. Budget travelers can afford to book an economical 3-star hotel with half board or no meals at all.

"},{"q":"What Documents Are Required to Apply for a Visa to Mexico for Treatment?","a":"

Visas for travel to Mexico require a number of documents. Lists of documents includes:

"}],"h2":[{"text":"How Much Does Top surgery Cost in Mexico?","kind":"content"},{"text":"Factors affecting Top surgery cost in Mexico","kind":"content"},{"text":"Your Benefits and Guarantees with Bookimed","kind":"content"},{"text":"Your personal Bookimed medical coordinator","kind":"content"},{"text":"Top surgery in Mexico: Pros and Cons","kind":"content"},{"text":"Discover the Best Top surgery Clinics in Mexico: 2 Verified Options and Prices","kind":"content"},{"text":"Top surgery Overview in Mexico","kind":"content"},{"text":"Our Doctors","kind":"content"},{"text":"Video Stories from Bookimed Patients","kind":"ui"},{"text":"Reviews about Bookimed: Discover Patients' Insights","kind":"ui"},{"text":"Related Articles","kind":"ui"},{"text":"Share this content","kind":"ui"},{"text":"Fast Facts about Top surgery","kind":"content"},{"text":"FAQ about Top surgery in Mexico","kind":"content"},{"text":"Get a free consultation","kind":"ui"}]},"placeholders":{"price_from":"{{price_from}}","clinics_count":"{{clinics_count}}","cities_count":"{{cities_count}}","savings_pct":"{{savings_pct}}","data_date":"{{data_date}}"},"legal":{"restricted_markets":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"}},"conflicts":[]}