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Long-term cancer control depends on stage, pathology, adjuvant therapy and ongoing surveillance.","revision_rate_pct":{"min":10,"max":25,"unit":"percent","qualifier":"Repeat surgery, mainly re-excision for positive margins after lumpectomy; mastectomy rates much lower"},"scars":"Linear breast scar (lumpectomy) or horizontal chest wall scar (mastectomy), plus a small axillary scar if lymph nodes are treated. Fades over 6-12 months; hypertrophic scarring possible.","sessions_or_stages":{"sessions":{"min":1,"max":2,"unit":"visits","qualifier":"One operation typically; a second operation may be needed for re-excision of margins or completion axillary surgery."},"stages":[{"code":"primary_surgery","label":"Lumpectomy with sentinel node biopsy","after":{"min":0,"max":0,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Initial operation."}}],"qualifier":"Scope is surgery without reconstruction; adjuvant radiotherapy, chemotherapy and endocrine therapy are separate treatments."},"success":{"metric":"Local recurrence-free rate after surgery","value":95,"unit":"percent","horizon":"5 years","population":"Adults with operable early-stage breast cancer, with appropriate adjuvant therapy","evidence_status":"limited"},"techniques":[{"name":"Lumpectomy (breast-conserving surgery)","suits_whom":"Smaller, localized tumors with favorable tumor-to-breast ratio and ability to receive radiotherapy","recovery":"Faster; often same-day discharge, about 1-3 weeks to return to usual activity"},{"name":"Mastectomy (simple or skin-sparing)","suits_whom":"Large or multicentric tumors, patient preference, or when radiotherapy is not possible or breast conservation is not feasible","recovery":"Longer; about 2-6 weeks, often with drains for 1-2 weeks"},{"name":"Sentinel lymph node biopsy","suits_whom":"Nodal staging in invasive cancer with clinically negative axilla","recovery":"Minimal arm impact; axillary dissection slows arm recovery and raises lymphedema risk"}],"treatment_conditions":["day_case","inpatient"],"treatment_duration_hours":{"min":1,"max":2,"unit":"hours","qualifier":"Operating time for unilateral lumpectomy with sentinel node biopsy, without reconstruction."},"initial_assessment_documents":["Breast biopsy pathology report","Receptor status report","Mammogram and ultrasound reports","Breast MRI report (if available)","Staging CT or PET-CT report (if available)"],"travel_trips":{"min":1,"max":2,"one_trip_possible":true,"qualifier":"One trip usually; 7-14 days' stay for drain removal and pathology review. Second trip only for re-excision or axillary surgery."},"clinic_checks":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"C1","text":"Check the qualifications of the medical team that will treat you","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://www.nhs.uk/using-the-nhs/healthcare-abroad/going-abroad-for-treatment/treatment-abroad-checklist/","host":"nhs.uk","quote":"Have you checked the qualifications of the medical team treating you?","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-12","http_status":200}},{"id":"C2","text":"Check that you can put questions about your treatment to the treating team","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://www.nhs.uk/using-the-nhs/healthcare-abroad/going-abroad-for-treatment/treatment-abroad-checklist/","host":"nhs.uk","quote":"Have you been able to ask them questions about your treatment?","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-12","http_status":200}},{"id":"C3","text":"Check that you are satisfied with the facilities and standards where you will be treated","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://www.nhs.uk/using-the-nhs/healthcare-abroad/going-abroad-for-treatment/treatment-abroad-checklist/","host":"nhs.uk","quote":"Are you satisfied with the facilities and standards at the clinic or hospital where you'll be treated?","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-12","http_status":200}},{"id":"C4","text":"Check whether follow-up care is at the same facility as the surgery","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://www.cdc.gov/yellow-book/hcp/health-care-abroad/medical-tourism.html","host":"cdc.gov","quote":"Medical tourists should also know whether follow-up care is scheduled to occur at the same facility as the procedure.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-12","http_status":403}},{"id":"C5","text":"Check that the surgical team has your full medical record and has reviewed 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