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bladder with refractory complications in selected cases"],"main_risks":["Bleeding and need for transfusion","Infection, including wound and urinary tract infection and sepsis","Bowel obstruction or ileus, anastomotic or urinary leak","Venous thromboembolism","Ureteral stricture or kidney function deterioration","Stoma-related problems such as hernia or stenosis","Sexual dysfunction, incontinence or voiding difficulty depending on diversion","Vitamin B12 deficiency and metabolic disturbances with bowel segments","Perioperative cardiopulmonary complications"],"pain":"Moderate to severe pain in the first days, managed with multimodal analgesia (often epidural or regional adjuncts); gradually settles over several weeks.","preparation":["Preoperative staging and fitness assessment (imaging, labs, cardiopulmonary evaluation)","Anaesthetic review","Stoma site marking and counselling by a stoma nurse","Counselling on urinary diversion options","Nutritional optimisation and smoking 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