Bumrungrad International Hospital is a JCI-accredited facility with a dedicated neurosciences department. Assist. Prof. Dr. Peerapong Montriwiwatchai, a neurosurgeon with _doctor_1290_years_ of experience, specializes in spine surgery and holds a fellowship from Temple University Hospital. Surgical treatment of epilepsy typically costs between $12,600 and $27,300.
Bumrungrad International Hospital is one of Southeast Asia's largest private medical centers. Over one million patients choose it each year, including a 50% international mix from 190+ countries. Its core specialties include oncology, cardiology, orthopedics, ophthalmology, neurosciences, and health screenings.
Chiangmai Ram Hospital is a JCI-accredited hospital in Chiang Mai, Thailand. Its strongest specialties are neurology, dentistry, and ophthalmology. The hospital serves patients from the US, Canada, the UK, and other countries.
Chiangmai Ram Hospital is a JCI-accredited hospital in Chiang Mai, Thailand. Its strongest specialties are neurology, dentistry, and ophthalmology. The hospital serves patients from the US, Canada, the UK, and other countries.
The Demarest Clinic specializes in cutting-edge regenerative treatments with AABB-certified cellular therapies. Surgical treatment of epilepsy typically runs $12,600–$27,300. Dr. Tatiana Zhelninova-Bosch brings _doctor_9127_years_ of expertise in advanced medical treatments, including pioneering clinical trials at Hadassah Medical Center. The clinic's certified lab supports precise surgical planning and post-op care with stem cell therapies.
The Demarest Clinic is the first clinic in Thailand sanctioned by the Health Ministry for allogeneic stem cell therapy. It specializes in regenerative medicine and cellular therapies.
This surgery cuts brain nerve fibers to stop severe epilepsy without removing brain tissue.
"},"359":{"operation":{"name":"Vagus nerve stimulation ","alias":"vagus-nerve-stimulation","use_for_listing":true},"country_price":{"US":{"amount":38000,"max_amount":58000,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":0,"price_kind":"estimate","price_source":"parsed","scope":"country"},"TR":{"amount":15000,"max_amount":35000,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":7,"price_kind":"from_range","price_source":"tariff","scope":"country"},"TH":{"amount":24000,"max_amount":32000,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":0,"price_kind":"estimate","price_source":"parsed","scope":"country"},"AT":{"amount":24000,"max_amount":33000,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":0,"price_kind":"estimate","price_source":"parsed","scope":"country"}},"available_clinics":{"US":false,"TR":true,"TH":false,"AT":false},"description":"This therapy sends electrical impulses to the brain, controlling mood and seizure activity, beneficial for psychiatric and epilepsy patients.
"},"408":{"operation":{"name":"Surgical treatment of epilepsy","alias":"surgical-treatment-of-epilepsy","use_for_listing":true},"country_price":{"US":{"amount":85000,"max_amount":140000,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":0,"price_kind":"estimate","price_source":"parsed","scope":"country"},"TR":{"amount":9600,"max_amount":14500,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":4,"price_kind":"from_range","price_source":"tariff","scope":"country"},"TH":{"amount":14000,"max_amount":23000,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":0,"price_kind":"estimate","price_source":"parsed","scope":"country"},"AT":{"amount":24000,"max_amount":39000,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":0,"price_kind":"estimate","price_source":"parsed","scope":"country"}},"available_clinics":{"UA":false,"FR":false,"GB":false,"US":false,"IL":false,"TR":true,"MX":false,"DE":false,"CA":false,"AE":false,"TH":false,"PL":false,"KR":false,"CZ":false,"AT":false,"ES":true,"IT":false,"CN":false,"AU":false,"IN":true,"MY":false,"VN":false,"BR":false},"description":"Brain tissue removal causing seizures, improving patients\" quality of life and reducing medicines.
"},"410":{"operation":{"name":"Medication treatment for epilepsy","alias":"medication-for-epilepsy","use_for_listing":true},"country_price":{"US":{"amount":2500,"max_amount":5200,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":0,"price_kind":"estimate","price_source":"parsed","scope":"country"},"TR":{"amount":1300,"max_amount":1800,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":4,"price_kind":"from_range","price_source":"tariff","scope":"country"},"TH":{"amount":900,"max_amount":1600,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":0,"price_kind":"estimate","price_source":"parsed","scope":"country"},"AT":{"amount":1200,"max_amount":3500,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":0,"price_kind":"estimate","price_source":"parsed","scope":"country"}},"available_clinics":{"US":false,"TR":true,"TH":false,"AT":false},"description":"This therapy uses drugs to control seizures, helping patients lead normal, active lives.
"}}},"operationIndicators":{"details":{"anesthesia":"general","days_in_clinic":5,"days_in_country":10,"rehabilitation_days":30,"satisfied_percent":78,"treatment_duration_hours":4},"illness_kind_details":{"requests_processed":25926}},"responsibleDoctor":{"id":270,"alias":"antonio-russi","name":"Antonio Russi","photo":"doctor/5acf6037229bd","advisory_text":"Prof. Antonio Russi is recognized as the best epileptologist in Spain. The Doctor specializes in non-surgical therapy of severe and rare epilepsy stages. He helps children and adults to get rid of seizures for good.\nProf. Antonio Russi is an apparent expert in epilepsy diagnosing and choosing the most appropriate drugs in each particular case. Medication therapy helps patients in 70% of cases.\n\nProf. Russi is included in the ranking of Top 100 Spanish doctors by the Forbes magazine, the world's authoritative edition.","linkedin":"","specialities":[{"id":"nrl.001","name":"Neurologist","illness_kind_id":7},{"id":"nrl.003","name":"Epileptologist","illness_kind_id":7}]},"direction":{"id":7,"name":"Neurology","alias":"neurology"},"illness_kind":{"id":7,"name":{"en":"Neurology"}},"parsed_details":{"procedure_type":"surgery","fields":{"anesthesia":["general"],"back_to_work_days":{"min":42,"max":90,"unit":"days","qualifier":"After resective surgery (e.g. temporal lobectomy) with desk work; varies by job, cognition, seizure status, driving rules."},"complication_rate_pct":{"min":10,"max":25,"unit":"percent","qualifier":"Any complication within 90 days, including visual field loss and transient deficits; permanent major deficits about 2-5%."},"contraindications":["Seizures that are not epileptic (e.g. psychogenic non-epileptic events)","Focus in eloquent cortex, unresectable without deficit; no palliative option","Generalized epilepsy without targetable focus (relative; consider neuromodulation)","Unfit for anesthesia or craniotomy from severe comorbidity (relative)","Active untreated intracranial infection or uncorrected bleeding disorder","Unmanaged severe psychiatric illness or inability to follow evaluation (relative)","Pregnancy (relative; timing individualized)"],"days_in_clinic":{"min":3,"max":7,"unit":"nights","qualifier":"Resective surgery admission after completed presurgical evaluation; may include a brief intensive care or step-down stay."},"diagnostic_duration_minutes":null,"diagnostic_preparation":null,"diagnostic_referral_needed":null,"diagnostic_result_time_hours":null,"exercise_resume_weeks":{"min":6,"max":12,"unit":"weeks","qualifier":"Light activity such as walking earlier; contact sports, heavy lifting and swimming only after surgeon clearance and seizure-safety review."},"final_result_months":{"min":12,"max":24,"unit":"months","qualifier":"Seizure outcome is usually judged 1-2 years after surgery; medication taper decisions are individualized."},"fly_home_after_days":{"min":10,"max":14,"unit":"days","qualifier":"After uncomplicated craniotomy, once neurosurgeon confirms stable neurological status, wound check and no seizure or CSF leak concerns."},"follow_up_visits":[{"purpose":"wound_check","requirement":"routine","after":{"min":10,"max":14,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Wound check and suture or staple removal."}},{"purpose":"assessment","requirement":"routine","after":{"min":60,"max":120,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Neurological review, seizure diary and medication review; often repeat MRI."}},{"purpose":"result_review","requirement":"routine","after":{"min":365,"max":730,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Seizure outcome and neuropsychological reassessment."}}],"indications":["Drug-resistant focal epilepsy (failure of two appropriately chosen antiseizure medications)","Well-localized resectable focus, such as mesial temporal sclerosis","Structural lesion causing epilepsy (e.g. tumor, cavernoma, focal cortical dysplasia)","Disabling seizures with concordant presurgical findings (video-EEG, MRI, neuropsychology)"],"main_risks":["Visual field deficit (e.g. superior quadrantanopia after temporal resection)","Memory or language decline, especially with dominant-hemisphere surgery","Infection, bleeding or stroke","Cerebrospinal fluid leak or hydrocephalus","Mood changes, depression or anxiety","Focal neurological deficit depending on resection site","Anesthesia-related risks"],"pain":"Moderate headache and incision or jaw pain in the first days, controlled with oral or intravenous analgesia; usually settles within 1-2 weeks.","preparation":["Presurgical video-EEG, MRI, neuropsychology; often PET/SPECT or intracranial EEG","Multidisciplinary epilepsy surgery team review and informed consent","Preoperative blood tests and anesthetic assessment","Review all medicines; continue antiseizure medication","Fasting before surgery as instructed","Arrange support at home and discuss driving restrictions"],"recovery_timeline":[{"phase":"Hospital stay (days 0-7)","description":"Neurological monitoring, pain control, early mobilization and continued antiseizure medication.","restrictions":["No driving","Stay under supervision"]},{"phase":"Early home recovery (weeks 1-6)","description":"Fatigue, headache and wound healing; gradual increase in walking and daily activities.","restrictions":["No driving","No heavy lifting or strenuous activity","Avoid swimming and bathing alone"]},{"phase":"Return to activity (weeks 6-12)","description":"Return to work or study and graded exercise as cleared; cognitive and mood follow-up.","restrictions":["Follow local driving rules after seizure-free interval","Avoid contact sports until cleared"]},{"phase":"Long-term follow-up (months 3-24)","description":"Seizure outcome assessment, imaging, neuropsychology and decisions on medication tapering.","restrictions":[]}],"rehabilitation_days":{"min":30,"max":90,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Ordinary functional recovery after resective surgery such as temporal lobectomy; formal therapy only if a deficit exists."},"result_longevity":"Seizure freedom after resective surgery is often long-lasting, with roughly 50-70% of temporal lobe cases seizure-free at 5 years. Late relapses occur in some patients; durability depends on epilepsy type, lesion and completeness of resection.","revision_rate_pct":{"min":5,"max":15,"unit":"percent","qualifier":"Repeat resective surgery for persistent or recurrent seizures within several years; rare early reoperation for bleeding or infection."},"scars":"Curved or linear scalp incision, usually in the hairline or behind it, healing to a thin scar largely hidden by hair; temporary shaved area possible.","sessions_or_stages":{"sessions":{"min":1,"max":1,"unit":"visits","qualifier":"One resective operation after completed presurgical evaluation; invasive monitoring, when needed, is a separate preceding stage."},"stages":[{"code":"resection","label":"Resective surgery (e.g. anterior temporal lobectomy) under general anesthesia","after":{"min":0,"max":0,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Day of surgery."}}],"qualifier":"Typical single-stage resection; follow-up checks are not counted as treatment sessions."},"success":{"metric":"Seizure freedom after temporal lobe resection","value":65,"unit":"percent of patients","horizon":"1-2 years after surgery","population":"Adults with drug-resistant mesial temporal lobe epilepsy and concordant presurgical findings","evidence_status":"limited"},"techniques":[{"name":"Anterior temporal lobectomy with amygdalohippocampectomy","suits_whom":"Drug-resistant mesial temporal lobe epilepsy","recovery":"Hospital stay about 3-7 days; return to work about 6-12 weeks."},{"name":"Lesionectomy or focal cortical resection","suits_whom":"Epilepsy from a defined lesion (tumor, cavernoma, dysplasia) outside critical cortex","recovery":"Similar to craniotomy; hospital stay about 3-7 days."},{"name":"Laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT)","suits_whom":"Small deep focus such as mesial temporal sclerosis or hypothalamic hamartoma","recovery":"Shorter stay, often 1-2 nights; faster return to activity."},{"name":"Disconnective surgery (corpus callosotomy, hemispherotomy)","suits_whom":"Selected drop-attack seizures or widespread unilateral damage, often in children","recovery":"Longer inpatient stay; individualized rehabilitation."},{"name":"Vagus nerve stimulator implantation (palliative)","suits_whom":"Drug-resistant epilepsy not suitable for resection","recovery":"Day case or 1 night; return to normal activity in days to 2 weeks."}],"treatment_conditions":["inpatient"],"treatment_duration_hours":{"min":3,"max":6,"unit":"hours","qualifier":"Operating time for a single resective craniotomy such as anterior temporal lobectomy; excludes anesthesia preparation and recovery."},"initial_assessment_documents":["Brain MRI epilepsy protocol on disc","Video-EEG monitoring report","Neurologist's epilepsy summary letter","List of tried antiseizure medications and doses","Neuropsychological testing report (if available)"],"travel_trips":{"min":1,"max":2,"one_trip_possible":true,"qualifier":"Single resective operation after remote review; 10-14 days stay. Second trip only if invasive monitoring or in-person evaluation needed first."},"clinic_checks":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"C1","text":"Check the qualifications of the medical team that will treat you","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://www.nhs.uk/using-the-nhs/healthcare-abroad/going-abroad-for-treatment/treatment-abroad-checklist/","host":"nhs.uk","quote":"Have you checked the qualifications of the medical team treating you?","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},{"id":"C2","text":"Check that you can ask the treatment team questions about your treatment","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://www.nhs.uk/using-the-nhs/healthcare-abroad/going-abroad-for-treatment/treatment-abroad-checklist/","host":"nhs.uk","quote":"Have you been able to ask them questions about your treatment?","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},{"id":"C3","text":"Check that you are satisfied with the facilities and standards at the clinic or hospital","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://www.nhs.uk/using-the-nhs/healthcare-abroad/going-abroad-for-treatment/treatment-abroad-checklist/","host":"nhs.uk","quote":"Are you satisfied with the facilities and standards at the clinic or hospital where you'll be treated?","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},{"id":"C4","text":"Check how your aftercare will be coordinated before you go ahead","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://www.nhs.uk/using-the-nhs/healthcare-abroad/going-abroad-for-treatment/treatment-abroad-checklist/","host":"nhs.uk","quote":"Ensure you're clear about how your aftercare will be coordinated.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},{"id":"C5","text":"Check that the surgeon you consult will be the person carrying out the procedure","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://travelaware.campaign.gov.uk/surgery-abroad-cut-out-the-risk/","host":"travelaware.campaign.gov.uk","quote":"Check that the surgeon you consult with, will be the same person carrying out the procedure.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},{"id":"C6","text":"Ask for examples of the practitioner’s experience with the surgery you plan to have","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://travelaware.campaign.gov.uk/surgery-abroad-cut-out-the-risk/","host":"travelaware.campaign.gov.uk","quote":"Ask for examples of the practitioners’ experience with the surgery you are intending to have.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},{"id":"C7","text":"Check that a face-to-face consultation with the operating health professional takes place before any procedure","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://travelhealthpro.org.uk/news/travelling-abroad-for-treatment","host":"travelhealthpro.org.uk","quote":"A face-to-face consultation with the health professional who will carry out any planned surgery or treatment must take place before any procedure.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}}],"checked_at":"2026-11-13","next_check_at":"2027-11-13","version":1},"red_flags":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"F1","text":"Pressure to decide quickly or accept a cheap, time-limited offer","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://travelaware.campaign.gov.uk/surgery-abroad-cut-out-the-risk/","host":"travelaware.campaign.gov.uk","quote":"Don’t be pressured into quick decisions either through forceful persuasion or cheap, time limited offers.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},{"id":"F2","text":"The surgeon you consult may not be the person who operates","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://travelaware.campaign.gov.uk/surgery-abroad-cut-out-the-risk/","host":"travelaware.campaign.gov.uk","quote":"Check that the surgeon you consult with, will be the same person carrying out the procedure.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},{"id":"F3","text":"Surgery offered as a package combined with holidays","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://travelaware.campaign.gov.uk/surgery-abroad-cut-out-the-risk/","host":"travelaware.campaign.gov.uk","quote":"Be wary of package deals which combine surgery with holidays – any decision to have surgery should be taken based on medical reasons only.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},{"id":"F4","text":"A hard sell, or no discussion of possible complications before booking","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://www.nhs.uk/using-the-nhs/healthcare-abroad/going-abroad-for-treatment/treatment-abroad-checklist/","host":"nhs.uk","quote":"a hard sell a lack of information pressure to make a quick decision no discussion of possible complications no mention of aftercare","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}}],"checked_at":"2026-11-13","next_check_at":"2027-11-13","version":1},"warning_signs":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"W1","text":"Weakness and speech impairments","urgency":"emergency","general":false,"source":{"url":"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/5015-epilepsy-surgery","host":"my.clevelandclinic.org","quote":"Brain tissue damage, resulting in neurological changes (like weakness and speech impairments) or stroke.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},{"id":"W2","text":"Delayed healing at the surgical site","urgency":"contact_clinic","general":false,"source":{"url":"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/5015-epilepsy-surgery","host":"my.clevelandclinic.org","quote":"Delayed healing at the surgical site.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},{"id":"W3","text":"Severe pain after surgery","urgency":"contact_clinic","general":false,"source":{"url":"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/5015-epilepsy-surgery","host":"my.clevelandclinic.org","quote":"But let your provider know if the pain is severe or if you experience any additional symptoms.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}}],"checked_at":"2026-11-13","next_check_at":"2027-11-13","version":1},"take_home":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"T1","text":"Home doctor needs the medicines given to continue treatment","document":"prescription copies","source":{"url":"https://travelhealthpro.org.uk/news/travelling-abroad-for-treatment","host":"travelhealthpro.org.uk","quote":"Remember to ask for copies of all your treatment records, including prescriptions, scans and x-rays before you leave.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},{"id":"T2","text":"Home doctor needs imaging to compare and follow up care","document":"scans and x-ray copies","source":{"url":"https://travelhealthpro.org.uk/news/travelling-abroad-for-treatment","host":"travelhealthpro.org.uk","quote":"Remember to ask for copies of all your treatment records, including prescriptions, scans and x-rays before you leave.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},{"id":"T3","text":"Ask for written details of the procedure before you leave the hospital","document":"written procedure details","source":{"url":"https://rcseng.ac.uk/patient-care/cosmetic-surgery/after-surgery/","host":"rcseng.ac.uk","quote":"After your surgery, before you leave the hospital, ask for written information about the procedure you've had.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"T4","text":"Home doctor needs the clinic's follow-up recommendations in a written discharge summary","document":"discharge summary","source":{"url":"https://sbuhb.nhs.wales/about-us/individual-patient-commissioning/ipc-folder/advice-on-accessing-treatment-abroad","host":"sbuhb.nhs.wales","quote":"When you have treatment abroad, you must ask the treatment provider for their follow-up recommendations documented within a written discharge summary in English.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"T5","text":"Home doctor needs the dates for required blood tests and follow-up appointments","document":"written aftercare plan","source":{"url":"https://sbuhb.nhs.wales/about-us/individual-patient-commissioning/ipc-folder/advice-on-accessing-treatment-abroad","host":"sbuhb.nhs.wales","quote":"This should include any medication and doses, as well as any dates that blood tests and follow-up appointments must be carried out.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}}],"checked_at":"2026-11-13","next_check_at":"2027-11-13","version":1},"alternatives":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"A1","text":"Your epileptic focus can be monitored with an implanted device","name":"Responsive neurostimulation","source":{"url":"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/services/epilepsy-seizures-treatment","host":"my.clevelandclinic.org","quote":"RNS involves a device that’s implanted in your brain near where the epileptic focus is and continuously monitors brain waves.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200},"operation_id":null},{"id":"A2","text":"Your abnormal brain waves may occur far from one area","name":"Deep brain stimulation","source":{"url":"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/services/epilepsy-seizures-treatment","host":"my.clevelandclinic.org","quote":"A device is implanted deep in your brain that sends electrical pulses episodically (in a series) to disrupt abnormal epileptic brain waves that might happen far away from the DBS electrode.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200},"operation_id":null},{"id":"A3","text":"You have not yet tried anti-seizure medications","name":"Anti-seizure medications","source":{"url":"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/services/epilepsy-seizures-treatment","host":"my.clevelandclinic.org","quote":"Your provider may first try anti-seizure medications to stop your seizures.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200},"operation_id":null}],"checked_at":"2026-11-13","next_check_at":"2027-11-13","version":1},"technique_details":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"anterior-temporal-lobectomy","name":"Anterior temporal lobectomy with amygdalohippocampectomy","how_it_works":{"text":"The procedure removes seizure-causing temporal lobe tissue","source":{"url":"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17778-temporal-lobe-seizures","host":"my.clevelandclinic.org","quote":"A temporal lobectomy (removal of part of your temporal lobe) is the most common type of surgery.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},"recovery_daily":{"event":"back_to_daily_activities","min":4,"max":6,"unit":"weeks","label":"4–6 weeks","source":{"url":"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/5015-epilepsy-surgery","host":"my.clevelandclinic.org","quote":"You’ll need plenty of rest as you slowly return to your normal daily activities, in about four to six weeks.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}}},{"id":"lesionectomy","name":"Lesionectomy or focal cortical resection","how_it_works":{"text":"The procedure removes seizure-starting or abnormal brain tissue","source":{"url":"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/5015-epilepsy-surgery","host":"my.clevelandclinic.org","quote":"Removing the part of your brain where the seizures start or removing the abnormal brain tissue that’s causing the seizures.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},"recovery_daily":{"event":"back_to_daily_activities","min":4,"max":6,"unit":"weeks","label":"4–6 weeks","source":{"url":"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/5015-epilepsy-surgery","host":"my.clevelandclinic.org","quote":"You’ll need plenty of rest as you slowly return to your normal daily activities, in about four to six weeks.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}}},{"id":"laser-interstitial-thermal","name":"Laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT)","how_it_works":{"text":"Lasers target and eliminate the brain area where seizures begin","source":{"url":"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/services/epilepsy-seizures-treatment","host":"my.clevelandclinic.org","quote":"During this minimally invasive surgery, lasers are used to pinpoint the exact area of the brain where the seizures are happening and eliminate the focus (where the seizures begin).","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},"recovery_daily":{"event":"back_to_daily_activities","min":2,"max":2,"unit":"weeks","label":"2 weeks","source":{"url":"https://healthcare.utah.edu/neurosciences/neurosurgery/laser-ablation","host":"healthcare.utah.edu","quote":"It takes about two weeks to recover fully and resume normal activity at home after leaving the hospital.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-12","http_status":200}}},{"id":"disconnective-surgery","name":"Disconnective surgery (corpus callosotomy, hemispherotomy)","how_it_works":{"text":"The procedure disconnects brain areas to stop seizure spread","source":{"url":"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/5015-epilepsy-surgery","host":"my.clevelandclinic.org","quote":"Disconnecting parts of your brain or areas where nerve cells communicate to stop the spread of seizures.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},"recovery_daily":{"event":"back_to_daily_activities","min":4,"max":6,"unit":"weeks","label":"4–6 weeks","source":{"url":"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/5015-epilepsy-surgery","host":"my.clevelandclinic.org","quote":"You’ll need plenty of rest as you slowly return to your normal daily activities, in about four to six weeks.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}}},{"id":"vagus-nerve-stimulator","name":"Vagus nerve stimulator implantation (palliative)","how_it_works":{"text":"An implanted device stimulates the vagus nerve through neck electrodes","source":{"url":"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/services/epilepsy-seizures-treatment","host":"my.clevelandclinic.org","quote":"A device is implanted in your chest and electrodes are placed in your neck around the left vagus nerve.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},"recovery_daily":{"event":"back_to_daily_activities","min":1,"max":1,"unit":"weeks","label":"1 week","source":{"url":"https://www.pennmedicine.org/treatments/vagus-nerve-stimulation","host":"pennmedicine.org","quote":"Most people go home the same day as the procedure and can resume most of their normal activities within one week.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-12","http_status":200}}}],"checked_at":"2026-11-13","next_check_at":"2027-11-13","version":1}}},"hrefLanguages":[{"rel":"alternate","hreflang":"ru","language":"ru","href":"https://ru.bookimed.com/clinics/country=thailand/procedure=hirurgicheskoe-lechenie-epilepsii/"}],"questionsAndAnswers":[{"id":"5ed8fe9d6f5798138223b287","question":"What documents are required to apply for a visa to Thailand for treatment?","answer":"Visas for travel to Thailand require a number of documents. The necessary papers can be submitted 90 days before the planned departure. The list of documents includes:
Healthcare is the key development sector of the Thai government. The Thai authorities are convinced that care for the citizens' health should be an absolute priority of state policy and spend about 25 billion baht for healthcare annually.
As a result, 36,673 medical facilities provide excellent medical care in the country. 64 centers in the Kingdom have certificate of JCI (Joint Commission International), the international improver of healthcare quality and safety across the globe. The index of certificates obtained is the largest. To compare, Israel has 20 JCI-accredited facilities, and Germany — only 10 clinics of this type.
","is_active":true,"created_at":"2020-06-04T13:48:50.000+00:00","category":{"id":"5e3aa27eb517bb3ffb486c42","name":"Texts","title":"Texts"},"relations":[{"key":"country","value":"thailand"}]},{"id":"5ed8fe0931e02c46c85d467a","question":"When is the best time to travel to Thailand?","answer":"The main advantage of Thai resorts is the long beach season. On the east coast and west coast the climate features are different, so take it into account when planning the trip. The best time to travel is during the cool and dry season between November and early April. A large influx of tourists is in March-May, when the air temperature is +30°C.
","is_active":true,"created_at":"2020-06-04T13:58:33.000+00:00","category":{"id":"5e3aa27eb517bb3ffb486c42","name":"Texts","title":"Texts"},"relations":[{"key":"country","value":"thailand"}]},{"id":"5ed8fb8f31e02c46c85d4677","question":"What should you know about Thailand before the trip?","answer":"Official name | The Kingdom of Thailand |
Currency | Thai Baht (you also can pay for services in dollars) |
Best period for the trip | November-early April |
Language | Thai (most of medical staff speaks English fluently) |
Visa | is required for a trip of 3-6 months |
Time difference with Europe | 7 hours |
Time difference with the USA | 12 hours |
Capital | Bangkok |
Medical tourism center | Bangkok |
Popular resorts | Koh Samui, Phuket, Chiang Mai, Koh Chang, Hua Hin |
In the Kingdom of Thailand, hotels of different price ranges and service levels are presented. The level of Thai hotels is comparable to hotels in Tunisia, Morocco or Egypt. Most tourists choose 4 and 5 star hotels with all-inclusive meals. Such hotels have everything for a comfortable stay: varied food, a large well-groomed territory, animation for children and adults. Some hotels have their own water park, which guests can use for free. Budget travelers can afford to book an economical 3-star hotel with half board or no meals at all.
","is_active":true,"created_at":"2020-06-04T13:58:01.000+00:00","category":{"id":"5e3aa27eb517bb3ffb486c42","name":"Texts","title":"Texts"},"relations":[{"key":"country","value":"thailand"}]},{"id":"5ed8fe416f5798138223b286","question":"Do I need a visa?","answer":"For now, the Kingdom of Thailand requires different visa regimens for diverse states. Some foreigners can stay in the country 60 days without visa control, some of them — only 14 days.
How long you can stay in Thailand and what countries can cross the border easy read here.
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