Lokman Hekim University Ankara Hospital offers glioma resection with a 99.9% success rate for brain tumor removal. The all-inclusive package may cost around $12,350 – typically covering the procedure, 7-day hospital stay, preoperative tests, medications, and transfers. The university hospital features 6 operating theaters with latest technology and 82 ICU beds. It holds an International Health Tourism Authorization Certificate.
","text_type":"mt_wow_description","best_texts":{"techniques":"Resection of glioma","good_fit_for":"Glioblastoma treatment","why_its_ranked":"Offers a specialized glioblastoma resection program with a 99.9% success rate. Includes preoperative tests, consultations, and a week of hospital stay. Operating rooms equipped with latest technology."},"agency_settings":[{"setting_name":"is_new","setting_value":"0"},{"setting_name":"kids_only","setting_value":"0"}],"procedure_prices":[{"prices":{"price_from":1130,"price_to":1130,"currency":"USD","id":60683},"diagnostic":{"id":1,"name":"PET/CT","alias":"pet-ct"}},{"prices":{"price_from":110,"price_to":110,"currency":"USD","id":63366},"diagnostic":{"id":457,"name":"Consultation with creation of treatment plan ","alias":"consultation-with-creation-of-treatment-plan"}}],"reviews":[],"clinic":{"id":1764,"alias":"lokman-hekim-university-ankara-hospital","name":"Lokman Hekim University Ankara Hospital","logo":"https://s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/bookimed/clinic_logo/1764-6ac3a2cacb837.png","short_description":"Lokman Hekim University Ankara Hospital is a university hospital with 99.9% success rates in discectomy, brain tumor removal, and DBS. Its core specialties are neurosurgery, orthopedics, gastroenterology, and transplantology. It holds ISO certification and a government International Health Tourism Authorization.
Memorial Ankara Hospital holds JCI accreditation for glioma resection, with procedures typically costing around $12,600. Dr. Namik Ozkan brings _doctor_9945_years_ of surgical expertise, having served as Professor and Dean at multiple Turkish medical faculties. The hospital specializes in advanced oncology treatments with next-generation radiotherapy equipment.
Memorial Ankara Hospital is a JCI-accredited private hospital and part of Turkey's largest private hospital network. It specializes in cardiology, cardiovascular surgery, medical oncology, and orthopedics.
Hermes Clinics is a doctor-founded healthcare center in Istanbul, Turkey. It specializes in bariatric surgery, plastic surgery, and dental care. A team of physicians founded the clinic in 2019. The medical team has coordinated care for over 30,000 patients. Treatment is provided through licensed partner hospitals and clinics across Istanbul.
Weight-loss services include gastric sleeve, bypass, and balloon procedures. Dental patients receive full-mouth restorations such as All-on-4 and All-on-6 implants. The clinic holds ISO 9001 certification for its international processes. Oncology care includes stereotactic radiosurgery with Gamma Knife and CyberKnife. Patients also get lifelong aftercare support after weight-loss surgery.
","text_type":"short_description","agency_settings":[{"setting_name":"is_new","setting_value":"0"},{"setting_name":"kids_only","setting_value":"0"}],"reviews":[],"clinic":{"id":1169,"alias":"hermes-clinics","name":"Hermes Clinics (Hermes Clinics A.Ş.)","short_description":"Hermes Clinics is a doctor-founded healthcare center in Istanbul, Turkey. It specializes in bariatric surgery, plastic surgery, and dental care. A team of physicians founded the clinic in 2019. The medical team has coordinated care for over 30,000 patients. Treatment is provided through licensed partner hospitals and clinics across Istanbul.
Weight-loss services include gastric sleeve, bypass, and balloon procedures. Dental patients receive full-mouth restorations such as All-on-4 and All-on-6 implants. The clinic holds ISO 9001 certification for its international processes. Oncology care includes stereotactic radiosurgery with Gamma Knife and CyberKnife. Patients also get lifelong aftercare support after weight-loss surgery.
","images":[{"base_url":"clinic/6a78a873f2c62","title":"Modern waiting area at Hermes Clinics with comfortable seating and decor"},{"base_url":"clinic/6a78a875d529d","title":"Patient room at Hermes Clinics with hospital bed, TV, and modern furnishings"},{"base_url":"clinic/6a78a87791497","title":"Modern clinic lobby at Hermes Clinics with grand piano and stylish decor"},{"base_url":"clinic/6a78a87971c3a","title":"Modern glass facade of Medical Park clinic in Istanbul, Turkey"}],"flags":[{"name":"is_hide","value":false},{"name":"has_active_agencies","value":false}],"geo":{"country":{"name":"Turkey","id":46,"alias":"turkey","iso_code":"TR"},"city":{"name":"Ankara","id":386,"alias":"ankara"},"address":"FOLKART TIME, Kazım Dirik Mah Ankara Cad. 296 Sok. No:8 1.Blok K:3 Daire:306, 35080 Bornova/İzmir, Türkiye"},"rating":{"rating":4.5,"google":4.3,"percent_of_satisfied_clients":85},"statistics":{"number_of_reviews":20,"doctors_number":1,"year_foundation":2019},"accreditations":[{"logo":"https://s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/bookimed/accreditations/5cfa0ad8c533a.jpeg","name":"Joint Commission International ","country_code":"US"}],"agency_settings":[{"setting_name":"is_new","setting_value":"0"},{"setting_name":"kids_only","setting_value":"0"}]}},{"text":"Private Koru Ankara Hospital is a JCI-accredited multi-specialty hospital in Ankara. It treats 350,000 patients annually. Main specialties include urology, gynecology, plastic surgery, and weight loss surgery.
Private Koru Ankara Hospital is a JCI-accredited multi-specialty hospital in Ankara. It treats 350,000 patients annually. Main specialties include urology, gynecology, plastic surgery, and weight loss surgery.
Doç. Dr. Onur Bayraktar has performed 1,100+ colectomies over _doctor_7135_years_, specializing in robotic-assisted laparoscopic procedures. The package typically costs around $29,150 – covering surgery, 10-day hospitalization, pre-op diagnostics, and transfers. Memorial Şişli holds JCI accreditation as Turkey's first internationally certified hospital. Robotic sigmoid resection may cost approximately $20,900, while laparoscopic options start at $18,150. The clinic provides interpreter services and follows international surgical standards.
Memorial Şişli Hospital in Istanbul is one of Turkey’s leading multidisciplinary medical centers, operating on a 53,000 m² area with 252 beds, 13 operating rooms, and advanced intensive care units. Opened in 2000, it became the first hospital in Turkey and the 21st worldwide to earn Joint Commission International (JCI) accreditation, confirming world-class standards.
\n\nThe hospital is recognized for its expertise in oncology, organ and bone marrow transplantation (90% organ transplant success rate), IVF, neurosurgery, bariatric surgery, robotic surgery, and genetics. Equipped with cutting-edge technology and specialized centers, Memorial Şişli attracts patients from 167 countries each year, combining top-level medical care with Istanbul’s unique cultural and travel opportunities.
\n","images":[{"base_url":"clinic/634ffae9b76cd","title":"Memorial Şişli Hospital modern clinic building in Istanbul, Turkey"},{"base_url":"clinic/5ba3aa9d874b8","title":"Patient room at Memorial Şişli Hospital, Istanbul with modern furnishings and TV"},{"base_url":"clinic/5ba3aa9ebbdf9","title":"Patient room and lounge area at Memorial Şişli Hospital, Istanbul"},{"base_url":"clinic/634ffa7dd8799","title":"Reception desk at Memorial Şişli Hospital with modern decor in Istanbul"}],"flags":[{"name":"is_hide","value":false},{"name":"has_active_agencies","value":true}],"geo":{"country":{"name":"Turkey","id":46,"alias":"turkey","iso_code":"TR"},"city":{"name":"Istanbul","id":107,"alias":"istanbul"},"address":"Kaptan Paşa Mah, Halit Ziya Türkkan Sok Famas Plaza No:19 D:C, 34385 Şişli/İstanbul, Turkey"},"rating":{"rating":4.6,"google":4.7,"percent_of_satisfied_clients":87},"statistics":{"number_of_reviews":437,"doctors_number":189,"year_foundation":2000},"accreditations":[{"logo":"https://s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/bookimed/accreditations/5db982e01da4b.jpeg","name":"International Organization for Standardization","country_code":"CH"},{"logo":"https://s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/bookimed/accreditations/5cfa0ad8c533a.jpeg","name":"Joint Commission International ","country_code":"US"}],"agency_settings":[{"setting_name":"is_new","setting_value":"0"},{"setting_name":"kids_only","setting_value":"0"}]}}},{"card":{"text":"Dr. Tarik Akar has performed 16 colectomy procedures with specialized expertise in gastrointestinal surgery. The procedure may cost around $7,839, typically covering the surgery, 6-night hospital stay with ICU monitoring, pre-op tests, and transfers. Hisar Hospital is JCI-certified and follows international safety standards for colon surgery. Dr. Akar trained in surgical oncology and focuses on complex GI procedures.
Hisar Hospital Intercontinental is a JCI-accredited multi-specialty hospital in Istanbul. It treats 250,000 patients each year. Its core specialties are oncology, hematology, cardiovascular surgery, orthopedics, and bariatric surgery.
Dr. Namik Ozkan is a general surgeon at Memorial Ankara Hospital. He specializes in bariatric and abdominal surgeries. He is the founding dean of the Aksaray University Faculty of Medicine. Dr. Ozkan trained at Ankara University. He treats complex conditions like obesity with surgical interventions.
Memorial Ankara Hospital is a JCI-accredited private hospital and part of Turkey's largest private hospital network. It specializes in cardiology, cardiovascular surgery, medical oncology, and orthopedics.
The surgery extracts harmful growths in the brain, enhancing patient health and reducing symptoms like headaches or seizures.
"},"160":{"operation":{"name":"Transnasal resection of tumor","alias":"transnasal-resection-of-tumor","use_for_listing":true},"country_price":{"US":{"amount":55000,"max_amount":90000,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":0,"price_kind":"estimate","price_source":"parsed","scope":"country"},"TR":{"amount":8000,"max_amount":9800,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":6,"price_kind":"from_range","price_source":"tariff","scope":"country"},"TH":{"amount":17000,"max_amount":24000,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":1,"price_kind":"from_range","price_source":"tariff","scope":"country"},"AT":{"amount":16500,"max_amount":26500,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":0,"price_kind":"estimate","price_source":"parsed","scope":"country"},"ES":{"amount":24300,"max_amount":33100,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":1,"price_kind":"from_range","price_source":"tariff","scope":"country"}},"available_clinics":{"US":false,"TR":true,"TH":true,"AT":false,"ES":true},"description":"This operation removes tumors via the nose, reducing recovery time and minimizing surgical scars.
"},"357":{"operation":{"name":"Stereotaxic surgeries","alias":"stereotaxic-surgeries","use_for_listing":true},"country_price":{"US":{"amount":28000,"max_amount":58000,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":0,"price_kind":"estimate","price_source":"parsed","scope":"country"},"TR":{"amount":6000,"max_amount":8400,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":6,"price_kind":"from_range","price_source":"tariff","scope":"country"},"TH":{"amount":6000,"max_amount":9500,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":0,"price_kind":"estimate","price_source":"parsed","scope":"country"},"AT":{"amount":11500,"max_amount":18500,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":0,"price_kind":"estimate","price_source":"parsed","scope":"country"},"ES":{"amount":13700,"max_amount":15500,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":1,"price_kind":"from_range","price_source":"tariff","scope":"country"}},"available_clinics":{"US":false,"TR":true,"TH":false,"AT":false,"ES":true},"description":"The procedure uses precise coordinates to operate in small brain areas, enhancing accuracy and reducing complications.
"},"453":{"operation":{"name":"Removal of meningioma","alias":"removal-of-meningioma","use_for_listing":true},"country_price":{"US":{"amount":55000,"max_amount":105000,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":0,"price_kind":"estimate","price_source":"parsed","scope":"country"},"TR":{"amount":9000,"max_amount":21200,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":8,"price_kind":"from_range","price_source":"mixed","scope":"country"},"TH":{"amount":25000,"max_amount":45000,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":0,"price_kind":"estimate","price_source":"parsed","scope":"country"},"AT":{"amount":19500,"max_amount":30000,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":0,"price_kind":"estimate","price_source":"parsed","scope":"country"},"ES":{"amount":22000,"max_amount":27000,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":2,"price_kind":"from_range","price_source":"tariff","scope":"country"}},"available_clinics":{"US":false,"TR":true,"TH":false,"AT":false,"ES":true},"description":"The operation aims at surgically eliminating a benign brain tumor, enhancing neurological function and reducing symptoms.
"},"547":{"operation":{"name":"Resection of glioma","alias":"resection-of-glioma","use_for_listing":true},"country_price":{"US":{"amount":70000,"max_amount":130000,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":0,"price_kind":"estimate","price_source":"parsed","scope":"country"},"TR":{"amount":10200,"max_amount":17800,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":11,"price_kind":"from_range","price_source":"mixed","scope":"country"},"TH":{"amount":11000,"max_amount":17500,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":0,"price_kind":"estimate","price_source":"parsed","scope":"country"},"AT":{"amount":22000,"max_amount":39000,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":0,"price_kind":"estimate","price_source":"parsed","scope":"country"},"ES":{"amount":49600,"max_amount":60600,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":1,"price_kind":"from_range","price_source":"tariff","scope":"country"}},"available_clinics":{"UA":false,"FR":false,"GB":false,"US":false,"IL":false,"TR":true,"MX":false,"DE":true,"CA":false,"AE":false,"TH":false,"PL":false,"KR":false,"CZ":false,"AT":false,"ES":true,"IT":false,"CN":false,"AU":false,"IN":false,"MY":false,"VN":false,"BR":false,"AZ":true},"description":"The operation removes brain tumors, enhancing patient survival and reducing symptoms, with accuracy and minimal harm.
"},"548":{"operation":{"name":"Resection of glioblastoma","alias":"resection-of-glioblastoma","use_for_listing":true},"country_price":{"US":{"amount":85000,"max_amount":140000,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":0,"price_kind":"estimate","price_source":"parsed","scope":"country"},"TR":{"amount":22000,"max_amount":25000,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":1,"price_kind":"from_range","price_source":"tariff","scope":"country"},"TH":{"amount":14000,"max_amount":24000,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":0,"price_kind":"estimate","price_source":"parsed","scope":"country"},"AT":{"amount":24000,"max_amount":37000,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":0,"price_kind":"estimate","price_source":"parsed","scope":"country"},"ES":{"amount":49600,"max_amount":60600,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":1,"price_kind":"from_range","price_source":"tariff","scope":"country"}},"available_clinics":{"US":false,"TR":true,"TH":false,"AT":false,"ES":true},"description":"Removal of a malignant brain tumor to control symptoms and prolong life.
"},"549":{"operation":{"name":"Resection of medulloblastoma","alias":"resection-of-medulloblastoma","use_for_listing":false},"country_price":{"US":{"amount":85000,"max_amount":140000,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":0,"price_kind":"estimate","price_source":"parsed","scope":"country"},"TR":{"amount":33000,"max_amount":0,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":4,"price_kind":"from","price_source":"offer","scope":"country"},"TH":{"amount":15000,"max_amount":24000,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":0,"price_kind":"estimate","price_source":"parsed","scope":"country"},"AT":{"amount":28000,"max_amount":46000,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":0,"price_kind":"estimate","price_source":"parsed","scope":"country"},"ES":{"amount":24000,"max_amount":38000,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":0,"price_kind":"estimate","price_source":"parsed","scope":"country"}},"available_clinics":{"US":false,"TR":true,"TH":false,"AT":false,"ES":false},"description":"The procedure involves surgically removing a brain tumor, specifically in children to improve survival rates and reduce symptoms.
"},"639":{"operation":{"name":"Excision of skull base tumor","alias":"excision-of-skull-base-tumor","use_for_listing":true},"country_price":{"US":{"amount":85000,"max_amount":140000,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":0,"price_kind":"estimate","price_source":"parsed","scope":"country"},"TR":{"amount":9000,"max_amount":28700,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":9,"price_kind":"from_range","price_source":"mixed","scope":"country"},"TH":{"amount":13000,"max_amount":22000,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":0,"price_kind":"estimate","price_source":"parsed","scope":"country"},"AT":{"amount":24000,"max_amount":38000,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":0,"price_kind":"estimate","price_source":"parsed","scope":"country"},"ES":{"amount":28000,"max_amount":36000,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":1,"price_kind":"from_range","price_source":"tariff","scope":"country"}},"available_clinics":{"US":false,"TR":true,"TH":false,"AT":false,"ES":true},"description":"The procedure removes growths near the skull\"s bottom, using surgical techniques, improving patient health and lifespan.
"},"725":{"operation":{"name":"Pituitary tumor surgery","alias":"pituitary-tumor-surgery","use_for_listing":true},"country_price":{"US":{"amount":55000,"max_amount":95000,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":0,"price_kind":"estimate","price_source":"parsed","scope":"country"},"TR":{"amount":8000,"max_amount":15400,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":14,"price_kind":"from_range","price_source":"mixed","scope":"country"},"TH":{"amount":14000,"max_amount":24000,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":0,"price_kind":"estimate","price_source":"parsed","scope":"country"},"AT":{"amount":30000,"max_amount":45000,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":0,"price_kind":"estimate","price_source":"parsed","scope":"country"},"ES":{"amount":38600,"max_amount":49600,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":1,"price_kind":"from_range","price_source":"tariff","scope":"country"}},"available_clinics":{"US":false,"TR":true,"TH":false,"AT":false,"ES":true},"description":"This procedure removes tumors located at the base of the brain, improving quality of life and reducing symptoms.
"},"729":{"operation":{"name":"Brain tumor surgery","alias":"brain-tumor-surgery","use_for_listing":true},"country_price":{"US":{"amount":65000,"max_amount":110000,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":0,"price_kind":"estimate","price_source":"parsed","scope":"country"},"TR":{"amount":12000,"max_amount":28500,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":15,"price_kind":"from_range","price_source":"mixed","scope":"country"},"TH":{"amount":12000,"max_amount":22000,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":0,"price_kind":"estimate","price_source":"parsed","scope":"country"},"AT":{"amount":18000,"max_amount":33000,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":0,"price_kind":"estimate","price_source":"parsed","scope":"country"},"ES":{"amount":23000,"max_amount":30000,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":2,"price_kind":"from_range","price_source":"tariff","scope":"country"}},"available_clinics":{"US":false,"TR":true,"TH":false,"AT":false,"ES":true},"description":"Surgery to remove benign or malignant brain neoplasms to stop or control their growth.
"},"751":{"operation":{"name":"Surgical removal of the brain cyst ","alias":"surgical-removal-of-the-brain-cyst","use_for_listing":true},"country_price":{"US":{"amount":38000,"max_amount":68000,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":0,"price_kind":"estimate","price_source":"parsed","scope":"country"},"TR":{"amount":8000,"max_amount":14000,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":11,"price_kind":"from_range","price_source":"tariff","scope":"country"},"TH":{"amount":9500,"max_amount":17000,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":0,"price_kind":"estimate","price_source":"parsed","scope":"country"},"AT":{"amount":14500,"max_amount":23000,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":0,"price_kind":"estimate","price_source":"parsed","scope":"country"},"ES":{"amount":26000,"max_amount":36000,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":1,"price_kind":"from_range","price_source":"tariff","scope":"country"}},"available_clinics":{"US":false,"TR":true,"TH":false,"AT":false,"ES":true},"description":"The procedure aims to remove brain cysts, enhancing patients\" life quality by relieving symptoms and preventing complications.
"},"967":{"operation":{"name":"Brain Tumor Embolization","alias":"brain-tumor-embolization","use_for_listing":true},"country_price":{"US":{"amount":28000,"max_amount":45000,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":0,"price_kind":"estimate","price_source":"parsed","scope":"country"},"TR":{"amount":8000,"max_amount":9500,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":1,"price_kind":"from_range","price_source":"tariff","scope":"country"},"TH":{"amount":6500,"max_amount":9500,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":0,"price_kind":"estimate","price_source":"parsed","scope":"country"},"AT":{"amount":11500,"max_amount":19500,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":0,"price_kind":"estimate","price_source":"parsed","scope":"country"},"ES":{"amount":9500,"max_amount":15500,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":0,"price_kind":"estimate","price_source":"parsed","scope":"country"}},"available_clinics":{"US":false,"TR":true,"TH":false,"AT":false,"ES":false},"description":"The procedure obstructs blood flow to brain tumors, hindering growth, making removal safer and easier.
"}}},"operationIndicators":{"details":{"anesthesia":"general","days_in_clinic":7,"days_in_country":14,"rehabilitation_days":30,"satisfied_percent":78,"treatment_duration_hours":4},"illness_kind_details":{"requests_processed":46119}},"responsibleDoctor":{"id":290,"alias":"yesim-yildirim","name":"Yesim Yildirim","photo":"doctor/699da18e34fa6","advisory_text":"20 years of experience\nMedical oncologist, ESMO certified","linkedin":"","specialities":[{"id":"onc.001","name":"Clinical oncologist","illness_kind_id":10}]},"direction":{"id":10,"name":"Oncology","alias":"oncology"},"illness_kind":{"id":10,"name":{"en":"Oncology"}},"parsed_details":{"procedure_type":"surgery","fields":{"anesthesia":["general"],"back_to_work_days":{"min":42,"max":120,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Desk-based work after about 6 weeks to 4 months; depends on neurological status, job demands, seizures and adjuvant therapy."},"complication_rate_pct":{"min":15,"max":30,"unit":"percent","qualifier":"Any postoperative complication within 30-90 days; permanent new neurological deficit about 5-10%."},"contraindications":["Medically unfit for general anesthesia or craniotomy (relative; individualized assessment)","Uncorrected coagulopathy or bleeding disorder (relative until corrected)","Eloquent or deep tumor location with risk exceeding benefit (relative)","Widespread or multifocal disease with no expected resection benefit (relative)","Very poor performance status (relative)"],"days_in_clinic":{"min":3,"max":7,"unit":"nights","qualifier":"Typical uncomplicated craniotomy for glioma including a short ICU or high-dependency monitoring period; longer if neurological complications occur."},"diagnostic_duration_minutes":null,"diagnostic_preparation":null,"diagnostic_referral_needed":null,"diagnostic_result_time_hours":null,"exercise_resume_weeks":{"min":4,"max":12,"unit":"weeks","qualifier":"Light walking early; strenuous or contact exercise after surgeon clearance, depending on wound healing, neurological deficits and adjuvant therapy."},"final_result_months":{"min":3,"max":6,"unit":"months","qualifier":"Neurological recovery and swelling resolution plateau by 3-6 months; oncological response judged on surveillance MRI."},"fly_home_after_days":{"min":7,"max":14,"unit":"days","qualifier":"After stable neurological status, early MRI and surgeon clearance; depends on seizure control and any complications."},"follow_up_visits":[{"purpose":"wound_check","requirement":"conditional","after":{"min":10,"max":14,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Typical timing for wound inspection and suture or staple removal; may be done locally."}},{"purpose":"result_review","requirement":"routine","after":{"min":14,"max":30,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Pathology and molecular review, adjuvant therapy planning."}},{"purpose":"assessment","requirement":"routine","after":{"min":60,"max":120,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Typical first surveillance MRI and neurological review, often after chemoradiation; schedule varies by tumor grade."}}],"indications":["Resectable glioma (any grade) needing tissue diagnosis and molecular profiling","Maximal safe cytoreduction to improve symptoms and enable adjuvant therapy","Relief of mass effect, raised intracranial pressure or tumor-related seizures"],"main_risks":["New or worsened neurological deficit (weakness, speech, vision, cognition)","Bleeding or hematoma","Infection (wound, meningitis)","Seizures","Cerebral edema","Cerebrospinal fluid leak or hydrocephalus","Venous thromboembolism","Anesthesia-related complications"],"pain":"Moderate scalp and headache pain for the first days, usually controlled with standard analgesia; the brain itself has no pain receptors.","preparation":["Multidisciplinary tumor board review","Preoperative MRI, often with functional or tractography mapping","Neurological and anesthesia assessment with blood tests","Fasting before general anesthesia","Review of regular medications with the surgical team","Discussion of risks and informed consent"],"recovery_timeline":[{"phase":"Hospital stay","description":"Neuro-monitoring, early MRI, mobilization and steroid or antiseizure management as needed.","restrictions":["Assisted mobilization only until neurologically stable","Neurological observation"]},{"phase":"Early home recovery (weeks 1-6)","description":"Wound healing, fatigue and gradual increase in activity; adjuvant therapy planning.","restrictions":["No driving until physician clears, especially with seizure history","Avoid heavy lifting and straining"]},{"phase":"Later recovery (months)","description":"Gradual recovery of function, rehabilitation as required, and ongoing oncological surveillance.","restrictions":["Individualized by neurological status and adjuvant treatment"]}],"rehabilitation_days":{"min":14,"max":90,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Ordinary functional recovery; longer with speech, motor or cognitive deficits needing physiotherapy or therapy."},"result_longevity":"Resection is one-time, but glioma may recur. Low-grade tumors often stay controlled for years; high-grade tumors usually recur within months to a few years despite adjuvant therapy.","revision_rate_pct":{"min":2,"max":6,"unit":"percent","qualifier":"Unplanned early reoperation for hematoma, infection, CSF leak or wound problems within 30 days."},"scars":"A scalp incision within the hairline in most cases; a linear or curved scar that is usually well hidden by hair, with a small area of hair removed or shaved.","sessions_or_stages":{"sessions":{"min":1,"max":1,"unit":"visits","qualifier":"Single craniotomy operation; staged or repeat surgery is exceptional or for recurrence."},"stages":[{"code":"craniotomy_resection","label":"Craniotomy and glioma resection","after":{"min":0,"max":0,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Performed on the day of surgery."}}],"qualifier":"Adjuvant radiotherapy or chemotherapy is separate from the resection."},"success":{"metric":"Gross total resection achieved on postoperative MRI","value":60,"unit":"percent of patients","horizon":"Within 72 hours after surgery","population":"Adults with resectable supratentorial glioma, standard neuronavigated craniotomy","evidence_status":"limited"},"techniques":[{"name":"Craniotomy with microsurgical resection and neuronavigation","suits_whom":"Most accessible gliomas; maximal safe resection with image guidance.","recovery":"Hospital stay of several days, then gradual recovery over weeks."},{"name":"Awake craniotomy with cortical mapping","suits_whom":"Tumors near speech or motor areas in selected cooperative patients.","recovery":"Similar to standard craniotomy; aims to preserve function."},{"name":"Fluorescence-guided resection (5-ALA)","suits_whom":"Suspected high-grade glioma.","recovery":"Similar to standard craniotomy; temporary light sensitivity precautions."}],"treatment_conditions":["inpatient"],"treatment_duration_hours":{"min":3,"max":6,"unit":"hours","qualifier":"Typical operative time for an uncomplicated primary craniotomy; varies with location and monitoring or mapping."},"initial_assessment_documents":["Brain MRI with and without contrast (DICOM)","MRI report","Biopsy or pathology report (if available)","Neurosurgery discharge summaries (if available)","List of blood thinners"],"travel_trips":{"min":1,"max":1,"one_trip_possible":true,"qualifier":"Single craniotomy; 7-14 day stay including hospital and early MRI. 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