Prof. Dr. Cem Gezen heads the General Surgery department at Medipol Mega University Hospital – Turkey's first JCI-accredited academic hospital. Traditional hemorrhoidectomy may cost around $7,060, typically covering colonoscopy, surgery, anesthesia, and 2–3 nights hospitalization. The clinic also offers stapled hemorrhoidopexy for about $5,880 with 1 night stay. Packages include pre-tests, perianal MRI if needed, and 10 days accommodation near the hospital.
","text_type":"mt_wow_description","best_texts":{"techniques":"Hemorrhoidectomy, laser hemorrhoid treatment","good_fit_for":"Patients needing advanced hemorrhoid surgery","why_its_ranked":"Offers both traditional hemorrhoidectomy and laser treatment, which is painless and allows quick recovery. JCI-accredited hospital with advanced surgical capabilities."},"agency_settings":[{"setting_name":"is_new","setting_value":"0"},{"setting_name":"kids_only","setting_value":"0"}],"procedure_prices":[{"prices":{"price_from":150,"price_to":300,"currency":"USD","id":13933},"diagnostic":{"id":453,"name":"Revision of MRI results","alias":"revision-of-mri-results"}},{"prices":{"price_from":120,"price_to":130,"currency":"USD","id":38133},"diagnostic":{"id":107,"name":"Consultation with a surgeon","alias":"surgical-consultation"}}],"reviews":[],"clinic":{"id":85,"alias":"medipol-mega-hastaneler-kompleksi","name":"Medipol Mega University Hospital","short_description":"Medipol Mega University Hospital is a JCI-accredited private hospital complex. It is one of Turkey's largest multi-specialty medical centers. The hospital sees over a million patients annually and specializes in oncology, neurology, cardiovascular care, transplants, and IVF.
VM Medical Park Florya Hospital offers laser hemorrhoidectomy for around $4,000 – typically covering the procedure, colonoscopy, Doppler ultrasound, 2 nights hospitalization, and transfers. The university hospital has 13 operating theaters and follows Aydın University academic standards. The all-inclusive package also includes translating services, lab tests, and room for one accompanying person.
","text_type":"mt_wow_description","best_texts":{"techniques":"Laser hemorrhoidectomy","good_fit_for":"Laser-based hemorrhoid removal","why_its_ranked":"Offers laser hemorrhoidectomy with comprehensive surgery package, including colonoscopy and Doppler ultrasound. Includes up to 2 days hospitalization and nursing services."},"agency_settings":[{"setting_name":"is_new","setting_value":"0"},{"setting_name":"kids_only","setting_value":"0"}],"reviews":[],"clinic":{"id":5613,"alias":"vm-medical-park-florya-hospital","name":"VM Medical Park Florya Hospital","logo":"https://s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/bookimed/clinic_logo/5613-6ac3a2de1ea3d.png","short_description":"VM Medical Park Florya Hospital is a JCI-accredited university hospital affiliated with Istanbul Aydın University. It excels in neurosurgery, plastic surgery, bariatric surgery, and oncology. The hospital also holds ISO certification and Center of Excellence designations in robotic, colorectal, and bariatric surgery.
NP Istanbul Brain Hospital is a JCI-accredited facility specializing in neurosurgical and psychiatric care. Dr. Mustafa Bozbuga, a neurosurgeon with _doctor_2084_years_ of experience in neurovascular and spinal surgery, leads the team. Hemorrhoidectomy typically costs around $2,300–$5,100.
NP Istanbul Brain Hospital is the No. 2 Brain Hospital in Europe. It is Turkey’s first private neuropsychiatric hospital, certified by JCI. Core specialties include neurology, neurosurgery, psychiatry, and addiction treatment.
Dr. Mehmet Altan Kaya has performed 1,000+ procedures over more than 30 years of practice. He uses absorbable internal sutures, which means there is no need to remove stitches later. An all-inclusive package at Grand Clinic may cost around $4,600–$5,100. This typically covers the surgery, 5 nights in a hotel with breakfast, and VIP transfers. The clinic maintains a 4.5/5 rating with a 91% recommendation rate from patients. Dr. Kaya completed his surgical training at Goztepe Training and Research Hospital.
","text_type":"mt_wow_description","best_texts":{"techniques":"Absorbable sutures","why_its_ranked":"Surgeon has performed 1,100 procedures and trained at Istanbul Hamidiye Etfal. Absorbable internal sutures mean no stitches to remove. 4.5/5 from 20 reviews."},"agency_settings":[{"setting_name":"is_new","setting_value":"0"},{"setting_name":"kids_only","setting_value":"0"}],"reviews":[],"clinic":{"id":3315,"alias":"grand-clinic","name":"Grand Clinic ","short_description":"Grand Clinic is a private multi-specialty medical center located in Istanbul, Turkey. The strongest specialties are hair transplantation, aesthetic and plastic surgery, medical aesthetics, dental aesthetics and bariatric surgery.
\n\nGrand Clinic is a clinic that draws on the academic knowledge and experience of Turkey and provides diagnostic and treatment services in the departments of general hospitals with the help of its experienced medical staff.
\n\nGrand Clinic doctors believe that looking great and feeling great are one and the same, so they take a holistic approach to everything they do.
\n\nThe clinic employs experienced specialists and medical and administrative staff who accompany patients throughout the medical journey, as well as help with travel planning, hotel reservations and transfers.
\n\nGrand Clinic knows that guaranteeing patients the safety of procedures, ensuring the quality of procedures and satisfaction with the work of doctors is very important, therefore the clinic staff strives for true honesty, transparency and decency.
\n\nGrand Clinic serves only adults. 450 patients choose Grand Clinic to get medical care every year. Patients from Europe, Latin America and the USA visit the clinic most often.
\n","images":[{"base_url":"clinic/6ace507e424fc","title":"Grand Clinic awards for best medical clinic in Turkey 2025 and 2026"},{"base_url":"clinic/64db4ea511555","title":"Grand Clinic logo on teal background, modern medical branding"},{"base_url":"clinic/64db4ed05fecf","title":"Grand Clinic exterior view with emergency entrance in Turkey"},{"base_url":"clinic/637e0d37e9a09","title":"Doctor's consultation room at Grand Clinic with modern furniture and medical supplies"}],"flags":[{"name":"is_hide","value":false},{"name":"has_active_agencies","value":true}],"geo":{"country":{"name":"Turkey","id":46,"alias":"turkey","iso_code":"TR"},"city":{"name":"Istanbul","id":107,"alias":"istanbul"},"address":"Beşyol, Akasya Sk. No:29, 34295 Küçükçekmece/İstanbul, Turkey"},"rating":{"rating":0,"google":4.7,"percent_of_satisfied_clients":0},"statistics":{"number_of_reviews":0,"doctors_number":25,"year_foundation":2021},"accreditations":[{"logo":"https://s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/bookimed/accreditations/60d48fc833289.jpeg","name":"Turkish Medical Association","country_code":"TR"}],"agency_settings":[{"setting_name":"is_new","setting_value":"0"},{"setting_name":"kids_only","setting_value":"0"}]}},{"text":"Prof. Dr. Turgut İpek specializes in general surgery at Istinye University Liv Hospital Bahcesehir. The clinic provides premium 5-star services with a free support package including transfers and translation. As a multidisciplinary university hospital, it combines research with clinical practice and treats 2,700 international patients annually. Patients receive comprehensive assistance with hotel arrangements and English medical reports.
","text_type":"mt_wow_description","agency_settings":[{"setting_name":"is_new","setting_value":"0"},{"setting_name":"kids_only","setting_value":"0"}],"procedure_prices":[{"prices":{"price_from":180,"price_to":380,"currency":"USD","id":31435},"diagnostic":{"id":247,"name":"Abdominal CT Scan","alias":"abdominal-ct-scan"}},{"prices":{"price_from":50,"price_to":150,"currency":"USD","id":28312},"diagnostic":{"id":453,"name":"Revision of MRI results","alias":"revision-of-mri-results"}}],"reviews":[],"clinic":{"id":765,"alias":"istinye-university-liv-hospital-bahcesehir","name":"Istinye University Liv Hospital Bahcesehir","short_description":"Istinye University Liv Hospital Bahcesehir is a university hospital affiliated with the Liv Hospital Group. Its main specialties are organ transplant, cancer treatment, neurosurgery, and urology. The hospital reports a 91.7% donor organ acceptance rate.
Emsey Hospital, with JCI and ISO accreditations, offers specialized Hemorrhoidectomy procedures that may cost around $3,100–$3,900. Dr. Levent Demirturk, a gastroenterologist with over _doctor_2999_years_ of experience, provides expert care with advanced endoscopic techniques.
Emsey Hospital is a multi-specialty medical center on the Asian side of Istanbul. It is the first hospital to receive the International Health Tourism Authorization Certificate (001) from the Turkish Ministry of Health. The hospital is especially known for orthopedics, spine surgery, bone marrow transplantation, and oncology.
Estophia Hospital is a private clinic in Istanbul with 87 doctors across 28 departments. Orthopedics, urology, aesthetic medicine, and weight loss surgery are its strongest areas.
Estophia Hospital is a private clinic in Istanbul with 87 doctors across 28 departments. Orthopedics, urology, aesthetic medicine, and weight loss surgery are its strongest areas.
Medipol Bahçelievler Hospital offers Hemorrhoidectomy with prices typically around $2,500. Dr. Osman Civil, a member of the Turkish Colon and Rectum Surgery Society and Turkish Ostomy Surgery Society, brings specialized expertise to the procedure, supported by his training at Istanbul Medipol University and Kartal Training and Research Hospital.
Medipol Bahçelievler University Hospital is a JCI-accredited facility and the second-largest hospital in the Medipol Health Group. It treats 600,000 patients each year with a focus on cardiology, oncology, and heart surgery.
Medistanbul Hospital is a private multi-specialty medical center in Istanbul, Turkey, treating around 90,000 patients each year. Its strongest specialties are orthopedics, oncology, urology, and plastic surgery.
Medistanbul Hospital is a private multi-specialty medical center in Istanbul, Turkey, treating around 90,000 patients each year. Its strongest specialties are orthopedics, oncology, urology, and plastic surgery.
Academic Hospital is a TÜV NORD-certified private medical center in Istanbul with 60 specialist departments. It is best known for orthopedics, plastic surgery, weight loss surgery, and medical check-ups. The hospital treats over 15,000 patients each year, both adults and children.
Academic Hospital is a TÜV NORD-certified private medical center in Istanbul with 60 specialist departments. It is best known for orthopedics, plastic surgery, weight loss surgery, and medical check-ups. The hospital treats over 15,000 patients each year, both adults and children.
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Onur Bayraktar has performed 1,100+ hemorrhoid procedures during his _doctor_7135_years_ of practice. Classic hemorrhoidectomy may cost around $810, while HAL-Doppler typically runs $8,000 – usually including the procedure, stay, and follow-up. The JCI-accredited Memorial Şişli Hospital offers free transfers and interpreter services. Dr. Bayraktar specializes in both traditional and advanced techniques like laser ablation and Longo hemorrhoidopexy.
Memorial Şişli Hospital in Istanbul is one of Turkey’s leading multidisciplinary medical centers, operating on a 53,000 m² area with 252 beds, 13 operating rooms, and advanced intensive care units. Opened in 2000, it became the first hospital in Turkey and the 21st worldwide to earn Joint Commission International (JCI) accreditation, confirming world-class standards.
\n\nThe hospital is recognized for its expertise in oncology, organ and bone marrow transplantation (90% organ transplant success rate), IVF, neurosurgery, bariatric surgery, robotic surgery, and genetics. Equipped with cutting-edge technology and specialized centers, Memorial Şişli attracts patients from 167 countries each year, combining top-level medical care with Istanbul’s unique cultural and travel opportunities.
\n","images":[{"base_url":"clinic/634ffae9b76cd","title":"Memorial Şişli Hospital modern clinic building in Istanbul, Turkey"},{"base_url":"clinic/5ba3aa9d874b8","title":"Patient room at Memorial Şişli Hospital, Istanbul with modern furnishings and TV"},{"base_url":"clinic/5ba3aa9ebbdf9","title":"Patient room and lounge area at Memorial Şişli Hospital, Istanbul"},{"base_url":"clinic/634ffa7dd8799","title":"Reception desk at Memorial Şişli Hospital with modern decor in Istanbul"}],"flags":[{"name":"is_hide","value":false},{"name":"has_active_agencies","value":true}],"geo":{"country":{"name":"Turkey","id":46,"alias":"turkey","iso_code":"TR"},"city":{"name":"Istanbul","id":107,"alias":"istanbul"},"address":"Kaptan Paşa Mah, Halit Ziya Türkkan Sok Famas Plaza No:19 D:C, 34385 Şişli/İstanbul, Turkey"},"rating":{"rating":4.6,"google":4.7,"percent_of_satisfied_clients":87},"statistics":{"number_of_reviews":436,"doctors_number":189,"year_foundation":2000},"accreditations":[{"logo":"https://s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/bookimed/accreditations/5db982e01da4b.jpeg","name":"International Organization for Standardization","country_code":"CH"},{"logo":"https://s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/bookimed/accreditations/5cfa0ad8c533a.jpeg","name":"Joint Commission International ","country_code":"US"}],"agency_settings":[{"setting_name":"is_new","setting_value":"0"},{"setting_name":"kids_only","setting_value":"0"}]}}}],"clinicsMeta":{"total_count":23,"total_pages":3},"clinicsCount":23,"clinicsCountByEntity":{"clinic_count":135},"doctors":{"doctors":[{"card_text":"Dr. Soykan Barlas specializes in hemorrhoidectomy and has authored research on harmonic scalpel techniques for hemorrhoidal disease, published in the Asian Journal of Surgery.
Associate Professor Dr. Soykan Barlas is a general and transplant surgeon at Medical Park Göztepe Hospital. He specializes in kidney transplants and bariatric procedures like gastric sleeve surgery. Dr. Barlas completed laparoscopic training in Scotland. He holds a Certificate of Appreciation from the Turkish Ministry of Health.
VM Medical Park Florya Hospital is a JCI-accredited university hospital affiliated with Istanbul Aydın University. It excels in neurosurgery, plastic surgery, bariatric surgery, and oncology. The hospital also holds ISO certification and Center of Excellence designations in robotic, colorectal, and bariatric surgery.
Emsey Hospital is a multi-specialty medical center on the Asian side of Istanbul. It is the first hospital to receive the International Health Tourism Authorization Certificate (001) from the Turkish Ministry of Health. The hospital is especially known for orthopedics, spine surgery, bone marrow transplantation, and oncology.
Dr. Civil specializes in hemorrhoidectomy at Medipol Bahçelievler Hospital, with extensive training in colorectal surgery.
Dr. Osman Civil is a general surgeon at Medipol Bahçelievler University Hospital in Istanbul. He specializes in gastrointestinal, colorectal, and breast cancer surgery. Dr. Civil completed his surgical training at the Kartal Dr. Lütfi Kirdar Training and Research Hospital. He works at a JCI-accredited facility that treats 600,000 patients every year.
Medipol Bahçelievler University Hospital is a JCI-accredited facility and the second-largest hospital in the Medipol Health Group. It treats 600,000 patients each year with a focus on cardiology, oncology, and heart surgery.
Dr. Aziz Cataltepe brings over _doctor_6858_years_ of experience in ENT and related surgical procedures, including hemorrhoidectomy, at top private hospitals in Istanbul.
Dr. Aziz Cataltepe is an orthopedic surgeon at Medipol Bahçelievler University Hospital in Istanbul. He treats musculoskeletal conditions, including bone injuries, joint fractures, and scoliosis. Dr. Cataltepe also focuses on orthopedic oncology and spine surgery. He earned his medical degree from Istanbul University Faculty of Medicine.
Medipol Bahçelievler University Hospital is a JCI-accredited facility and the second-largest hospital in the Medipol Health Group. It treats 600,000 patients each year with a focus on cardiology, oncology, and heart surgery.
Dr. Yüksel specializes in colon, rectum, and stomach diseases, with extensive experience in endoscopic procedures and surgeries.
Dr. Mustafa Sıtkı Yüksel is a general surgeon at Medistanbul Hospital in Istanbul. He specializes in treating diseases of the colon, rectum, and stomach. He twice received national board recognition with outstanding degrees. Dr. Yüksel is proficient in both surgical and endoscopic diagnostic procedures.
Medistanbul Hospital is a private multi-specialty medical center in Istanbul, Turkey, treating around 90,000 patients each year. Its strongest specialties are orthopedics, oncology, urology, and plastic surgery.
Dr. Mustafa Bozbuga is a neurosurgeon and professor at NP Istanbul Brain Hospital. He specializes in skull base surgery, neurovascular procedures, and spinal cord surgery. Dr. Bozbuga graduated from and completed his residency at Istanbul University Medical School.
NP Istanbul Brain Hospital is the No. 2 Brain Hospital in Europe. It is Turkey’s first private neuropsychiatric hospital, certified by JCI. Core specialties include neurology, neurosurgery, psychiatry, and addiction treatment.
Dr. Levent Demirturk is a gastroenterologist at Emsey Hospital in Istanbul. He is the former Ward Chief of Internal Diseases and Gastroenterology at GATA Haydarpaşa. Dr. Demirturk treats complex conditions like pancreatitis, cirrhosis, and chronic hepatitis. He works at the first Turkish hospital to receive Ministry of Health international certification.
Emsey Hospital is a multi-specialty medical center on the Asian side of Istanbul. It is the first hospital to receive the International Health Tourism Authorization Certificate (001) from the Turkish Ministry of Health. The hospital is especially known for orthopedics, spine surgery, bone marrow transplantation, and oncology.
Dr. Veysel Sari brings _doctor_7887_years_ of experience with 1,100+ gastrointestinal procedures performed. The hemorrhoidectomy program typically runs around $2,500 USD – covering surgery, anesthesia, hospitalization, and airport transfers. Multiple surgical options are available including excisional, laser, or stapled (PPH) techniques. The JCI-accredited hospital serves over 280,000 patients annually with dedicated international patient services.
Dr. Omer Bilgehan Poyrazoglu is a bariatric surgeon at Büyük Anadolu Hospitals in Istanbul. He specializes in metabolic surgery and robotic-assisted procedures for weight loss. Dr. Poyrazoglu completed specialized training in robotic surgery in France. He holds membership in the International Federation for the Surgery of Obesity (IFSO).
Büyük Anadolu Hospitals in Istanbul treats 280,000 patients per year. Founded in 1995, it excels in orthopedics, general surgery, oncology, and neurosurgery. The hospital uses robotic-assisted techniques for faster recovery.
This operation removes hemorrhoids, providing relief from pain and bleeding by surgically excising them.
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"},"755":{"operation":{"name":"Rubber band ligation of hemorrhoids","alias":"rubber-band-ligation-of-hemorrhoids","use_for_listing":true},"country_price":{"US":{"amount":1100,"max_amount":1800,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":0,"price_kind":"estimate","price_source":"parsed","scope":"country"},"TR":{"amount":3600,"max_amount":0,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":1,"price_kind":"from","price_source":"offer","scope":"country"},"TH":{"amount":650,"max_amount":1100,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":0,"price_kind":"estimate","price_source":"parsed","scope":"country"},"AT":{"amount":650,"max_amount":1300,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":0,"price_kind":"estimate","price_source":"parsed","scope":"country"},"ES":{"amount":5000,"max_amount":5500,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":1,"price_kind":"from_range","price_source":"tariff","scope":"country"}},"available_clinics":{"US":false,"TR":true,"TH":false,"AT":false,"ES":true},"description":"The procedure involves tying off hemorrhoids with rubber bands to reduce discomfort and promote healing.
"},"1543":{"operation":{"name":"Fissure Therapy","alias":"fissure-therapy","use_for_listing":false},"country_price":{"US":{"amount":3500,"max_amount":7000,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":0,"price_kind":"estimate","price_source":"parsed","scope":"country"},"TR":{"amount":2800,"max_amount":4500,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":5,"price_kind":"from_range","price_source":"mixed","scope":"country"},"TH":{"amount":1100,"max_amount":1900,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":0,"price_kind":"estimate","price_source":"parsed","scope":"country"},"AT":{"amount":2200,"max_amount":4000,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":0,"price_kind":"estimate","price_source":"parsed","scope":"country"},"ES":{"amount":5500,"max_amount":0,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":1,"price_kind":"from","price_source":"tariff","scope":"country"}},"available_clinics":{"US":false,"TR":true,"TH":false,"AT":false,"ES":true}},"1549":{"operation":{"name":"Hemorrhoid Therapy","alias":"hemorrhoid-therapy","use_for_listing":true},"country_price":{"US":{"amount":3500,"max_amount":7500,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":0,"price_kind":"estimate","price_source":"parsed","scope":"country"},"TR":{"amount":3600,"max_amount":0,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":2,"price_kind":"from","price_source":"mixed","scope":"country"},"TH":{"amount":1500,"max_amount":3200,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":0,"price_kind":"estimate","price_source":"parsed","scope":"country"},"AT":{"amount":1800,"max_amount":3500,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":0,"price_kind":"estimate","price_source":"parsed","scope":"country"},"ES":{"amount":6100,"max_amount":0,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":1,"price_kind":"from","price_source":"tariff","scope":"country"}},"available_clinics":{"US":false,"TR":true,"TH":false,"AT":false,"ES":true}},"1717":{"operation":{"name":"Perianal Skin Tag Removal","alias":"perianal-skin-tag-removal","use_for_listing":true},"country_price":{"US":{"amount":900,"max_amount":2400,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":0,"price_kind":"estimate","price_source":"parsed","scope":"country"},"TR":{"amount":350,"max_amount":850,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":0,"price_kind":"estimate","price_source":"parsed","scope":"country"},"TH":{"amount":450,"max_amount":750,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":0,"price_kind":"estimate","price_source":"parsed","scope":"country"},"AT":{"amount":550,"max_amount":1400,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":0,"price_kind":"estimate","price_source":"parsed","scope":"country"},"ES":{"amount":3300,"max_amount":0,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":1,"price_kind":"from","price_source":"offer","scope":"country"}},"available_clinics":{"US":false,"TR":false,"TH":false,"AT":false,"ES":true}}}},"operationIndicators":{"details":{"anesthesia":"general","days_in_clinic":1,"days_in_country":7,"rehabilitation_days":14,"satisfied_percent":78,"treatment_duration_hours":1},"illness_kind_details":{"requests_processed":7852}},"responsibleDoctor":{"id":619,"alias":"abduelcabbar-kartal","name":"Abdulcabbar Kartal","photo":"doctor/620a4b22b682d","advisory_text":"Assoc. Prof. Dr. Abdulcabbar Kartal is a colorectal and general surgeon specializing in HIPEC and bariatric surgery. He is certified by the European Society of Coloproctology (FEBS-C) and has performed over 500 bariatric surgeries.","linkedin":"","specialities":[{"id":"sur.006","name":"Colorectal surgeon","illness_kind_id":33},{"id":"sur.010","name":"General surgeon","illness_kind_id":33}]},"direction":{"id":33,"name":"Surgery","alias":"surgery"},"illness_kind":{"id":33,"name":{"en":"Surgery"}},"parsed_details":{"procedure_type":"surgery","fields":{"anesthesia":["general"],"back_to_work_days":{"min":7,"max":21,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Desk-based work after conventional excisional hemorrhoidectomy; manual work may need longer."},"complication_rate_pct":{"min":1,"max":5,"unit":"percent","qualifier":"Major events: secondary hemorrhage needing readmission, transfusion or reoperation, abscess or sepsis, symptomatic stenosis. Excludes minor events. Grade III–IV hemorrhoids."},"contraindications":["Uncontrolled bleeding disorder or unmanageable therapeutic anticoagulation","Active anorectal sepsis or severe perianal infection (relative)","Severe uncontrolled cardiopulmonary disease making anesthesia unsafe","Active severe inflammatory bowel disease with anorectal involvement (relative)","Anorectal malignancy requiring different management","Pregnancy (relative; usually managed conservatively)","Poor baseline continence (relative precaution)"],"days_in_clinic":{"min":0,"max":1,"unit":"nights","qualifier":"Typically day surgery or one night of observation for conventional excisional hemorrhoidectomy."},"diagnostic_duration_minutes":null,"diagnostic_preparation":null,"diagnostic_referral_needed":null,"diagnostic_result_time_hours":null,"exercise_resume_weeks":{"min":2,"max":4,"unit":"weeks","qualifier":"Walking earlier; strenuous exercise and heavy lifting after 2–4 weeks."},"final_result_months":{"min":1,"max":2,"unit":"months","qualifier":"Complete wound healing and resolution of swelling after conventional hemorrhoidectomy."},"fly_home_after_days":{"min":7,"max":14,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Delayed bleeding peaks around days 5–14. Fly after the 7–14 day check, once sitting is comfortable."},"follow_up_visits":[{"purpose":"wound_check","requirement":"routine","after":{"min":7,"max":14,"unit":"days","qualifier":"First postoperative review, typically 1–2 weeks after surgery."}},{"purpose":"assessment","requirement":"routine","after":{"min":42,"max":60,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Final review of healing, bowel function and symptoms."}}],"indications":["Symptomatic grade III–IV internal hemorrhoids","Grade II hemorrhoids failing conservative or office-based treatment","Combined internal and external hemorrhoids with prolapse","Thrombosed or strangulated hemorrhoids in selected cases","Recurrent bleeding causing anemia"],"main_risks":["Significant postoperative pain","Urinary retention","Bleeding, including delayed bleeding","Infection or abscess","Constipation or fecal impaction","Anal stenosis","Temporary or permanent incontinence (flatus/stool/soiling)","Skin tags or recurrence","Anesthesia-related risks"],"pain":"Moderate to severe pain for the first several days, especially with bowel movements, gradually improving over 1–2 weeks; managed with multimodal analgesia, stool softeners and sitz baths.","preparation":["Surgical and anorectal assessment, sometimes colonoscopy by age and symptoms","Routine anesthesia assessment and blood tests as indicated","Review of medicines with the surgical team","Fasting before general anesthesia as instructed","Rectal enema or bowel preparation as advised","Arrange transport and adult support after discharge","Dietary fiber and stool softening plan"],"recovery_timeline":[{"phase":"First 48 hours","description":"Recovery from anesthesia, pain control, first bowel movement management, and monitoring for urinary retention and bleeding.","restrictions":["No driving","Avoid straining","Rest"]},{"phase":"Days 3–14","description":"Pain and discharge gradually decrease; sitz baths, fiber and stool softeners continue; light activity resumes and desk work often starts around day 7–14.","restrictions":["Avoid heavy lifting","Avoid prolonged sitting or straining"]},{"phase":"Weeks 2–4","description":"Most return to normal daily activity; mild bleeding or discharge may continue.","restrictions":["Avoid strenuous exercise until cleared"]},{"phase":"Weeks 4–8","description":"Wounds heal fully and bowel habits normalize.","restrictions":[]}],"rehabilitation_days":{"min":5,"max":14,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Time to ordinary activities. Median about 6 days in outpatient series; conventional surgery 1–2 weeks. Energy devices may shorten."},"result_longevity":"Excised hemorrhoids do not regrow, and long-term results are usually durable, though new hemorrhoidal disease can develop, particularly with constipation or straining.","revision_rate_pct":{"min":1,"max":5,"unit":"percent","qualifier":"Repeat surgery for recurrent prolapse, symptoms or stenosis, over about 1–5 years. Symptomatic recurrence is higher (about 5–20%), mostly non-surgical."},"scars":"Healing wounds at the anal canal and perianal skin leave minimal visible scars; small skin tags may remain.","sessions_or_stages":{"sessions":{"min":1,"max":1,"unit":"visits","qualifier":"Single operative session."},"stages":[{"code":"hemorrhoidectomy","label":"Excisional hemorrhoidectomy under anesthesia","after":{"min":0,"max":0,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Performed on the day of surgery."}}],"qualifier":"One operation; follow-up checks are not counted as treatment sessions."},"success":{"metric":"Resolution of bleeding and prolapse symptoms","value":90,"unit":"percent","horizon":"1 year","population":"Adults after excisional hemorrhoidectomy for grade III–IV hemorrhoids","evidence_status":"limited"},"techniques":[{"name":"Conventional excisional hemorrhoidectomy (Milligan-Morgan open / Ferguson closed)","suits_whom":"Grade III–IV or mixed internal-external hemorrhoids","recovery":"Most early pain; usually 1–2 weeks to ordinary activities"},{"name":"Vessel-sealing device hemorrhoidectomy (LigaSure/harmonic)","suits_whom":"Grade III–IV or mixed internal-external hemorrhoids","recovery":"Often slightly less early pain and shorter operating time"}],"treatment_conditions":["day_case"],"treatment_duration_hours":{"min":0.5,"max":1,"unit":"hours","qualifier":"Operating time for one conventional hemorrhoidectomy, excluding anesthesia and recovery."},"initial_assessment_documents":["Colonoscopy or sigmoidoscopy report","Proctology or colorectal clinic consultation notes","List of blood thinners","Recent blood test results","Previous anorectal surgery reports (if available)"],"travel_trips":{"min":1,"max":1,"one_trip_possible":true,"qualifier":"Single operation; stay about 7-14 days until wound check and safe flying. 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