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delayed."},"fly_home_after_days":{"min":0,"max":1,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Same or next day after the first infusion if no reaction; later cycles at home."},"follow_up_visits":[{"purpose":"assessment","after":{"min":14,"max":42,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Blood tests and symptom review before each next cycle."},"requirement":"routine"},{"purpose":"result_review","after":{"min":60,"max":90,"unit":"days","qualifier":"First response imaging after about 3-4 cycles."},"requirement":"routine"},{"purpose":"other","after":{"min":7,"max":365,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Visit for suspected immune-related side effects, any time during or after treatment."},"requirement":"conditional"}],"indications":["Melanoma","Non-small cell lung cancer","Renal cell carcinoma","Bladder and urothelial cancer","Head and neck squamous cell cancer","Hodgkin lymphoma","Tumors with high microsatellite instability or mutational burden","Hepatocellular carcinoma"],"main_risks":["Fatigue and rash","Immune colitis and diarrhea","Pneumonitis","Hepatitis","Thyroid and other endocrine disorders","Infusion reactions","Rare myocarditis or neurological inflammation"],"pain":"Minimal; only a needle insertion for the intravenous infusion. Mild aches or headache may follow.","preparation":["Confirm diagnosis and biomarker testing (e.g., PD-L1)","Blood tests including liver, kidney and thyroid","Screen for hepatitis, HIV and tuberculosis","Review autoimmune history and current medications","Baseline imaging","Review of steroid and antibiotic use"],"recovery_timeline":[{"phase":"Infusion day","description":"Intravenous infusion lasting 30-60 minutes with observation, then home.","restrictions":["Report fever, breathlessness or rash"]},{"phase":"Days 1-3","description":"Possible mild fatigue, low fever or aches.","restrictions":["Avoid strenuous exertion if tired"]},{"phase":"Weeks 1-6","description":"Window when immune-related side effects such as diarrhea, rash or cough may appear.","restrictions":["Report new symptoms promptly","Do not self-treat diarrhea"]},{"phase":"Ongoing cycles","description":"Repeated infusions every 2-6 weeks with monitoring and periodic imaging.","restrictions":["Avoid live vaccines unless approved by the oncologist"]}],"rehabilitation_days":{"min":1,"max":3,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Time to normal function after each infusion; depends on fatigue and side effects."},"result_longevity":"Responders may keep durable control for years, while others progress within months. Duration depends on cancer type and response depth.","revision_rate_pct":{"min":10,"max":20,"unit":"percent","qualifier":"Share of patients stopping therapy for immune-related toxicity; varies by drug and tumor."},"scars":"No scars; treatment is an IV infusion without incisions.","sessions_or_stages":{"sessions":{"min":4,"max":35,"unit":"visits","qualifier":"Infusions every 2-6 weeks; length depends on drug, response and tolerance, up to about two years."},"stages":[{"code":"baseline_workup","label":"Baseline testing and imaging","after":{"min":0,"max":0,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Before the first infusion."}},{"code":"first_infusion","label":"First infusion cycle","after":{"min":0,"max":0,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Start of treatment."}},{"code":"maintenance_cycles","label":"Repeat cycles with monitoring","after":{"min":14,"max":42,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Interval between cycles depends on the drug."}},{"code":"response_imaging","label":"Response assessment imaging","after":{"min":60,"max":90,"unit":"days","qualifier":"After about 3-4 cycles."}}],"qualifier":"Repeated infusion cycles continue while the cancer responds and side effects are tolerable."},"success":{"metric":"Objective tumor response rate on imaging","value":30,"unit":"percent of patients","horizon":"3-6 months","population":"Adults with advanced melanoma, lung, kidney or bladder cancer on PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor","evidence_status":"limited"},"techniques":[{"name":"PD-1 inhibitor infusion (e.g., pembrolizumab, nivolumab)","suits_whom":"Melanoma, lung, kidney and many other solid tumors.","recovery":"Same-day discharge; immune side effects are common and monitored."},{"name":"PD-L1 inhibitor infusion (e.g., atezolizumab, durvalumab)","suits_whom":"Lung, bladder and liver cancers.","recovery":"Same-day discharge; immune side effects monitored."},{"name":"CTLA-4 inhibitor combination (e.g., ipilimumab plus nivolumab)","suits_whom":"Selected melanoma and kidney cancer patients.","recovery":"Higher side-effect rate; closer monitoring needed."}],"treatment_conditions":["outpatient"],"treatment_duration_hours":{"min":1,"max":3,"unit":"hours","qualifier":"Per visit, including check-in, blood tests, 30-60 minute infusion and observation."},"initial_assessment_documents":["Pathology report confirming cancer diagnosis","Biomarker results such as PD-L1 or MSI","Recent CT or PET imaging reports","Recent blood test results","List of current medications and steroid use","Records of previous cancer treatments"],"travel_trips":{"min":1,"max":6,"one_trip_possible":true,"qualifier":"One trip for the first cycle, then treatment continues at home; 4-6 trips if cycles are given abroad."},"clinic_checks":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"C1","text":"Check the qualifications of the clinician who will do the procedure","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/page/medical-tourism","host":"wwwnc.cdc.gov","quote":"Check the qualifications of the clinician who will be doing the procedure.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"C2","text":"Check the facilities and standards of the clinic or hospital where treatment will be given","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://www.nhs.uk/using-the-nhs/healthcare-abroad/going-abroad-for-treatment/treatment-abroad-checklist/","host":"nhs.uk","quote":"Are you satisfied with the facilities and standards at the clinic or hospital where you'll be treated?","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"C3","text":"Make sure you understand the possible complications and side effects of the treatment","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://www.nhs.uk/using-the-nhs/healthcare-abroad/going-abroad-for-treatment/treatment-abroad-checklist/","host":"nhs.uk","quote":"Make sure you understand the possible complications and side effects that could arise from your 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yellowish.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"W4","text":"Diarrhea","urgency":"contact_clinic","general":false,"source":{"url":"https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/side-effects/diarrhea","host":"cancer.gov","quote":"Tell your doctor or nurse if you are having diarrhea.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}}],"checked_at":"2026-11-11","next_check_at":"2027-11-11","version":1},"take_home":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"T1","text":"Keep showing it to treating staff for up to a year after stopping steroids","document":"steroid alert card","source":{"url":"https://www.worcsacute.nhs.uk/leaflets/iocn-immunotherapy-patient-information-leaflet/","host":"worcsacute.nhs.uk","quote":"Always carry this card and show it to anybody that treats you up to one year after stopping steroids.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"T2","text":"Home doctor needs the clinic's follow-up recommendations in a written discharge summary","document":"discharge summary","source":{"url":"https://sbuhb.nhs.wales/about-us/individual-patient-commissioning/ipc-folder/advice-on-accessing-treatment-abroad","host":"sbuhb.nhs.wales","quote":"When you have treatment abroad, you must ask the treatment provider for their follow-up recommendations documented within a written discharge summary in English.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"T3","text":"Ask for copies of all prescriptions before you leave","document":"prescription copies","source":{"url":"https://travelhealthpro.org.uk/news/699/travelling-abroad-for-treatment","host":"travelhealthpro.org.uk","quote":"Remember to ask for copies of all your treatment records, including prescriptions, scans and x-rays before you leave.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"T4","text":"Home doctor needs the dates for required blood tests and follow-up appointments","document":"written aftercare plan","source":{"url":"https://sbuhb.nhs.wales/about-us/individual-patient-commissioning/ipc-folder/advice-on-accessing-treatment-abroad","host":"sbuhb.nhs.wales","quote":"This should include any medication and doses, as well as any dates that blood tests and follow-up appointments must be carried out.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}}],"checked_at":"2026-11-11","next_check_at":"2027-11-11","version":1},"alternatives":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"A1","text":"Your team recommends drugs that kill cancer cells","name":"Chemotherapy","source":{"url":"https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/chemotherapy","host":"cancer.gov","quote":"Chemotherapy (also called chemo) is a type of cancer treatment that uses drugs to kill cancer 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to).","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-12","http_status":200}},"recovery_daily":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_official_source"}}],"checked_at":"2026-11-11","next_check_at":"2027-11-11","version":1}}},"hrefLanguages":[{"rel":"alternate","hreflang":"ru","language":"ru","href":"https://ru.bookimed.com/clinics/country=turkey/city=izmir/procedure=immunoterapiya/"}],"questionsAndAnswers":[],"seoTests":{"thin_content":false,"no_txt_after_3_clinics":false},"offerFilters":{"offer_count":0,"price_filter":{"from":0,"to":0,"avg":0}},"leadsCount":{"leads_count":52},"manualSeo":[],"updatedAt":"2026-11-11T13:20:14.169Z","activeCountries":["TR","AT","ES","TH"],"hasVideoReviewsByContext":true,"hasCriticalApiFallback":false}