Odin Clinic's plastic surgery team includes Dr. Rahmi Evinc, a board-certified specialist with _doctor_7198_years_ of experience in cosmetic and reconstructive procedures. He completed plastic surgery residency at GATA Haydarpaşa Education and Research Hospital and has worked at major hospitals before establishing his practice. The clinic serves international patients with a focus on surgical precision and ethical standards.
Odin Clinic is a JCI-accredited multi-specialty center in İzmir, Turkey. It specializes in dental treatment, plastic surgery, and weight loss surgery. The clinic treats 3,600+ patients annually with a 99.9% success rate for obesity procedures.
Op. Dr. Ekrem Keskin is a plastic and aesthetic surgery clinic in Istanbul. It sits in the Kadıköy district. The center focuses on surgical and non-surgical facial and body contouring. Dr. Ekrem Keskin has over 15 years of experience in plastic surgery. He completed specialized training at the Cleveland Clinic in the United States. The medical team includes two doctors across three departments.
The clinic uses VASER technology to liquefy fat during liposuction. For breast augmentation, the team applies the Preserve Technique to keep natural anatomy. Non-surgical options include Endolift laser for skin tightening without incisions. International patients often travel from the USA and Australia for treatment. Facelift and liposuction patients get a structured nine-month follow-up.
","text_type":"short_description","agency_settings":[{"setting_name":"is_new","setting_value":"0"},{"setting_name":"kids_only","setting_value":"0"}],"reviews":[],"clinic":{"id":5989,"alias":"keskin-klinik","name":"Op. Dr. Ekrem Keskin","short_description":"Op. Dr. Ekrem Keskin is a plastic and aesthetic surgery clinic in Istanbul. It sits in the Kadıköy district. The center focuses on surgical and non-surgical facial and body contouring. Dr. Ekrem Keskin has over 15 years of experience in plastic surgery. He completed specialized training at the Cleveland Clinic in the United States. The medical team includes two doctors across three departments.
The clinic uses VASER technology to liquefy fat during liposuction. For breast augmentation, the team applies the Preserve Technique to keep natural anatomy. Non-surgical options include Endolift laser for skin tightening without incisions. International patients often travel from the USA and Australia for treatment. Facelift and liposuction patients get a structured nine-month follow-up.
","images":[{"base_url":"clinic/6a7927ed02f45","title":"Doctor's office at Op. Dr. Ekrem Keskin Clinic with modern decor and wood furnishings"},{"base_url":"clinic/6a7927ef5919e","title":"Doctor's office at Op. Dr. Ekrem Keskin Clinic with modern furnishings"},{"base_url":"clinic/6a7927f15b0ad","title":"Waiting lounge at Op. Dr. Ekrem Keskin Clinic with leather sofas and modern decor"},{"base_url":"clinic/6a7927f359f14","title":"Reception area at Dr. Keskin Aesthetic and Plastic Surgery clinic, modern interior"}],"flags":[{"name":"has_active_agencies","value":false},{"name":"is_hide","value":false}],"geo":{"country":{"name":"Turkey","id":46,"alias":"turkey","iso_code":"TR"},"city":{"name":"Istanbul","id":107,"alias":"istanbul"},"address":"Ahenk Apartmanı divan pastanesi karşısı, Caddebostan Bağdat Caddesi Abdulkadir Noyan Sk, Bağdat Cad. No:344 Kat: 3D:6, 34728 Kadıköy/İstanbul, Türkiye"},"rating":{"rating":0,"google":4.5,"percent_of_satisfied_clients":0},"statistics":{"number_of_reviews":0,"doctors_number":2},"accreditations":[{"logo":"https://s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/bookimed/accreditations/66ab8761aba0d.jpeg","name":"American Accreditation Commission International","country_code":"US"},{"logo":"https://s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/bookimed/accreditations/5cfa0ad8c533a.jpeg","name":"Joint Commission International ","country_code":"US"},{"logo":"https://s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/bookimed/accreditations/5d10bd3ab2720.jpeg","name":"The Baby-friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI) by WHO and UNICEF"},{"logo":"https://s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/bookimed/accreditations/5ceb725522d15.jpeg","name":"Certification according to DIN EN ISO 9001 by TÜV NORD CERT","country_code":"DE"}],"agency_settings":[{"setting_name":"is_new","setting_value":"0"},{"setting_name":"kids_only","setting_value":"0"}]}},{"text":"Medicterrean Clinic Center is a multi-specialty medical center in Antalya and Istanbul. It focuses on plastic surgery, hair restoration, dental care, and weight-loss procedures. Dr. Mustafa Aydinol leads the surgical team with over ten years of experience. The clinic opened in 2019. It runs two main medical departments. Specialized care includes gastric sleeve programs and complex body contouring.
Surgeons hold certifications from the European Board of Plastic Surgery. The facility is accredited by ISAPS. Hair restoration uses Sapphire FUE and DHI Gold PLUS techniques. An in-house lab produces exosome therapy on-site. International patients get lifetime follow-up and 24/7 nursing support. Staff assist in English, German, Arabic, and Russian.
","text_type":"short_description","agency_settings":[{"setting_name":"is_new","setting_value":"0"},{"setting_name":"kids_only","setting_value":"0"}],"reviews":[],"clinic":{"id":6885,"alias":"mediterran","name":"MEDICTERREAN®","short_description":"Medicterrean Clinic Center is a multi-specialty medical center in Antalya and Istanbul. It focuses on plastic surgery, hair restoration, dental care, and weight-loss procedures. Dr. Mustafa Aydinol leads the surgical team with over ten years of experience. The clinic opened in 2019. It runs two main medical departments. Specialized care includes gastric sleeve programs and complex body contouring.
Surgeons hold certifications from the European Board of Plastic Surgery. The facility is accredited by ISAPS. Hair restoration uses Sapphire FUE and DHI Gold PLUS techniques. An in-house lab produces exosome therapy on-site. International patients get lifetime follow-up and 24/7 nursing support. Staff assist in English, German, Arabic, and Russian.
","images":[{"base_url":"clinic/6a73559ea8e88","title":"Atlas University Hospital modern glass facade in Istanbul, Turkey"},{"base_url":"clinic/6a7355a0459dc","title":"Modern reception and waiting area at MEDICTERREAN® clinic with stylish decor"},{"base_url":"clinic/6a7355a1c4bfe","title":"Modern hospital corridor at MEDICTERREAN® Clinic with patient rooms and medical stretcher"},{"base_url":"clinic/6a7355a35f52b","title":"Patient room at MEDICTERREAN® clinic with modern hospital bed and wood accents"}],"flags":[{"name":"has_active_agencies","value":false},{"name":"is_hide","value":false}],"geo":{"country":{"name":"Turkey","id":46,"alias":"turkey","iso_code":"TR"},"city":{"name":"Antalya","id":382,"alias":"antalya"},"address":"Şirinyalı Eski Lara Yolu, 1537. Sk. No:16, 07160 Muratpaşa/Antalya, Türkiye"},"rating":{"rating":0,"google":4.8,"percent_of_satisfied_clients":0},"statistics":{"number_of_reviews":0,"doctors_number":1,"year_foundation":2019},"accreditations":[{"logo":"https://s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/bookimed/accreditations/61779fac22b09.jpeg","name":"Given to the doctor International Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery (ISAPS) Сertificate ","country_code":"US"}],"agency_settings":[{"setting_name":"is_new","setting_value":"0"},{"setting_name":"kids_only","setting_value":"0"}]}},{"text":"Op. Dr. Tamer Şakrak is a plastic surgery clinic in Kağıthane, Istanbul. The practice focuses on rhinoplasty, body contouring, and post-bariatric surgery. Other key procedures include eyelid surgery, breast reshaping, and chin aesthetics. Dr. Şakrak founded the clinic in 2014. He has been a plastic surgery specialist since 2010. He earned his medical degree at Eskişehir Osmangazi University.
The clinic is accredited by the American Society of Plastic Surgeons (ASPS). For eyelids, the team offers surgical and non-surgical tightening options. Chin surgery recovery takes about 6 to 8 weeks. International patients get help with consultation and follow-up planning before traveling. Staff assist in Arabic, English, French, and German.
","text_type":"short_description","reviews":[],"clinic":{"id":8801,"alias":"op-dr-tamer-sakrak","name":"Op. Dr. Tamer Şakrak","short_description":"Op. Dr. Tamer Şakrak is a plastic surgery clinic in Kağıthane, Istanbul. The practice focuses on rhinoplasty, body contouring, and post-bariatric surgery. Other key procedures include eyelid surgery, breast reshaping, and chin aesthetics. Dr. Şakrak founded the clinic in 2014. He has been a plastic surgery specialist since 2010. He earned his medical degree at Eskişehir Osmangazi University.
The clinic is accredited by the American Society of Plastic Surgeons (ASPS). For eyelids, the team offers surgical and non-surgical tightening options. Chin surgery recovery takes about 6 to 8 weeks. International patients get help with consultation and follow-up planning before traveling. Staff assist in Arabic, English, French, and German.
","images":[{"base_url":"clinic/6ace74d4e1188","title":"Consultation office at Op. Dr. Tamer Şakrak Clinic with modern decor"},{"base_url":"clinic/6ace74d705405","title":"Doctor's office at Op. Dr. Tamer Şakrak Clinic with modern decor and workspace"},{"base_url":"clinic/6ace74d95c7eb","title":"Doctor's office at Op. Dr. Tamer Şakrak Clinic with modern decor"},{"base_url":"clinic/6ace74dbe4167","title":"Plastic surgeon at Op. Dr. Tamer Şakrak Clinic with body contouring diagrams"}],"flags":[{"name":"has_active_agencies","value":false},{"name":"is_hide","value":false},{"name":"is_created_by_parser","value":true}],"geo":{"country":{"name":"Turkey","id":46,"alias":"turkey","iso_code":"TR"},"city":{"name":"Istanbul","id":107,"alias":"istanbul"},"address":"Ferko Line, Hamidiye Mahallesi, Cendere Caddesi No:9 A Blok Kat:2 Daire:9 Kağıthane, Istanbul 34408"},"rating":{"rating":0,"google":4.7,"percent_of_satisfied_clients":0},"statistics":{"number_of_reviews":0,"doctors_number":1,"year_foundation":2014},"accreditations":[]}},{"text":"VIPMED Klinik is a medical center in Istanbul specializing in hair restoration and aesthetics. The team performs hair, beard, and eyebrow transplants for men and women. They use DHI and Sapphire FUE techniques to achieve high density. The clinic was founded in 2007 by Dr. Demet Askin, who trained at the University of Vienna.
Dr. Askin has practiced medical aesthetics for nearly 20 years. The clinic also offers advanced skin care, including stem cell therapy and Ultherapy. Reported success rate for hair restoration is 100%. International patients get VIP transfers, hotel stays, and translator support. Staff speak English, German, Russian, Arabic, and Turkish.
","text_type":"short_description","agency_settings":[{"setting_name":"is_new","setting_value":"0"},{"setting_name":"kids_only","setting_value":"0"}],"reviews":[],"clinic":{"id":5324,"alias":"vip-med-klinik","name":"VIPMED Klinik","short_description":"VIPMED Klinik is a medical center in Istanbul specializing in hair restoration and aesthetics. The team performs hair, beard, and eyebrow transplants for men and women. They use DHI and Sapphire FUE techniques to achieve high density. The clinic was founded in 2007 by Dr. Demet Askin, who trained at the University of Vienna.
Dr. Askin has practiced medical aesthetics for nearly 20 years. The clinic also offers advanced skin care, including stem cell therapy and Ultherapy. Reported success rate for hair restoration is 100%. International patients get VIP transfers, hotel stays, and translator support. Staff speak English, German, Russian, Arabic, and Turkish.
","images":[{"base_url":"clinic/6a768dee8a628","title":"Main entrance of VIPMED Klinik with modern glass doors"},{"base_url":"clinic/6a768df0d32ae","title":"VIPMED Klinik hallway with modern decor and artwork in Turkey"},{"base_url":"clinic/6a768df2c3323","title":"VIPMED Klinik waiting room with leather sofa and modern decor"},{"base_url":"clinic/6a768df510b42","title":"Patient treatment room at VIPMED Klinik with modern medical chair and equipment"}],"flags":[{"name":"has_active_agencies","value":false},{"name":"is_hide","value":false}],"geo":{"country":{"name":"Turkey","id":46,"alias":"turkey","iso_code":"TR"},"city":{"name":"Istanbul","id":107,"alias":"istanbul"},"address":"Akat, Ebulula Mardin Cd. Mermerler Sitesi C blok no:4, D:3, 34330 Beşiktaş/İstanbul, Türkiye"},"rating":{"rating":0,"google":4.9,"percent_of_satisfied_clients":0},"statistics":{"number_of_reviews":0,"doctors_number":1,"year_foundation":2007},"accreditations":[],"agency_settings":[{"setting_name":"is_new","setting_value":"0"},{"setting_name":"kids_only","setting_value":"0"}]}}],"meta":{"total_count":15,"total_pages":2}},"promoSlots":[{"card":{"text":"Dr. Besir Oner specializes in aesthetic and reconstructive surgery at Memorial Şişli Hospital – Turkey's first JCI-accredited facility with a 4.7/5 rating from 4,500+ reviews. The buttock lift package typically costs around $4,900, covering surgery, anesthesia, 1 night hospital stay, pre-op tests, transfers, and interpreter services. The hospital maintains ISO 15189 and LEED Platinum certifications, ensuring international standards.
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\n\nThe hospital is recognized for its expertise in oncology, organ and bone marrow transplantation (90% organ transplant success rate), IVF, neurosurgery, bariatric surgery, robotic surgery, and genetics. Equipped with cutting-edge technology and specialized centers, Memorial Şişli attracts patients from 167 countries each year, combining top-level medical care with Istanbul’s unique cultural and travel opportunities.
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Odin Clinic is a JCI-accredited multi-specialty center in İzmir, Turkey. It specializes in dental treatment, plastic surgery, and weight loss surgery. The clinic treats 3,600+ patients annually with a 99.9% success rate for obesity procedures.
This therapy enhances vaginal sensitivity, using injectable fillers to amplify the erogenous zone, ensuring heightened sexual satisfaction.
"},"810":{"operation":{"name":"Vaginoplasty","alias":"vaginoplasty","use_for_listing":true},"country_price":{"GB":{"amount":4000,"max_amount":9800,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":1,"price_kind":"from_range","price_source":"tariff","scope":"country"},"US":{"amount":5500,"max_amount":12500,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":1,"price_kind":"from_range","price_source":"tariff","scope":"country"},"TR":{"amount":1600,"max_amount":3000,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":55,"price_kind":"from_range","price_source":"mixed","scope":"country"},"TH":{"amount":1500,"max_amount":7300,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":12,"price_kind":"from_range","price_source":"tariff","scope":"country"}},"available_clinics":{"GB":true,"US":true,"TR":true,"TH":true},"description":"The operation tightens the vagina through surgical reconstruction, enhancing sexual function and self-confidence.
"},"1007":{"operation":{"name":"Hymenoplasty (hymen restoration)","alias":"hymenoplasty-hymen-restoration","use_for_listing":true},"country_price":{"GB":{"amount":2800,"max_amount":6000,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":1,"price_kind":"from_range","price_source":"tariff","scope":"country"},"US":{"amount":3000,"max_amount":6500,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":1,"price_kind":"from_range","price_source":"tariff","scope":"country"},"TR":{"amount":1000,"max_amount":2500,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":22,"price_kind":"from_range","price_source":"tariff","scope":"country"},"TH":{"amount":1800,"max_amount":2600,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":2,"price_kind":"from_range","price_source":"tariff","scope":"country"}},"available_clinics":{"GB":true,"US":true,"TR":true,"TH":true},"description":"The procedure restores the hymen, offering physical virginity renewal and takes about 1-2 hours with minimal pain.
"},"1299":{"operation":{"name":"Vulvoplasty","alias":"vulvoplasty","use_for_listing":true},"country_price":{"GB":{"amount":4800,"max_amount":7800,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":0,"price_kind":"estimate","price_source":"parsed","scope":"country"},"US":{"amount":5000,"max_amount":8500,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":0,"price_kind":"estimate","price_source":"parsed","scope":"country"},"TR":{"amount":3000,"max_amount":6500,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":2,"price_kind":"from_range","price_source":"tariff","scope":"country"},"TH":{"amount":7700,"max_amount":0,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":1,"price_kind":"from","price_source":"tariff","scope":"country"}},"available_clinics":{"UA":false,"FR":false,"GB":false,"US":false,"IL":false,"TR":true,"MX":false,"DE":false,"CA":false,"AE":false,"TH":true,"PL":false,"KR":false,"CZ":false,"AT":false,"ES":false,"IT":false,"CN":false,"AU":false,"IN":false,"MY":false,"VN":false,"BR":false,"CP":true},"description":"This procedure reshapes female genitalia, often for aesthetics or comfort, through surgery, offering improved self-confidence and satisfaction.
"},"1348":{"operation":{"name":"Perineoplasty","alias":"perineoplasty","use_for_listing":true},"country_price":{"GB":{"amount":3800,"max_amount":6800,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":0,"price_kind":"estimate","price_source":"parsed","scope":"country"},"US":{"amount":4500,"max_amount":9000,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":0,"price_kind":"estimate","price_source":"parsed","scope":"country"},"TR":{"amount":2000,"max_amount":4500,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":1,"price_kind":"from_range","price_source":"tariff","scope":"country"},"TH":{"amount":1500,"max_amount":2600,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":0,"price_kind":"estimate","price_source":"parsed","scope":"country"}},"available_clinics":{"GB":false,"US":false,"TR":true,"TH":false}},"1568":{"operation":{"name":"Hymenotomy","alias":"hymenotomy","use_for_listing":false},"country_price":{"GB":{"amount":1900,"max_amount":3400,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":0,"price_kind":"estimate","price_source":"parsed","scope":"country"},"US":{"amount":2800,"max_amount":5200,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":0,"price_kind":"estimate","price_source":"parsed","scope":"country"},"TR":{"amount":450,"max_amount":1100,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":0,"price_kind":"estimate","price_source":"parsed","scope":"country"},"TH":{"amount":650,"max_amount":1100,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":0,"price_kind":"estimate","price_source":"parsed","scope":"country"}},"available_clinics":{"GB":false,"US":false,"TR":false,"TH":false}}}},"operationIndicators":{"details":{"anesthesia":"general","days_in_clinic":2,"days_in_country":7,"rehabilitation_days":14,"satisfied_percent":78,"treatment_duration_hours":3},"illness_kind_details":{"requests_processed":110449}},"responsibleDoctor":{"id":1758,"alias":"ergin-er","name":"Ergin Er","photo":"doctor/5cd02aa7a3f4e","advisory_text":"Dr. Ergin Er is a plastic, reconstructive and aesthetic surgeon who has performed more than 10,000 aesthetic procedures. He is a multiple award winner at Turkish National Congresses of Plastic Surgery and completed advanced training at Baylor College of Medicine in Houston, Texas.","linkedin":"","specialities":[{"id":"pls.001","name":"Plastic surgeon","illness_kind_id":38}]},"direction":{"id":38,"name":"Plastic Surgery","alias":"plastic-surgery"},"illness_kind":{"id":38,"name":{"en":"Plastic Surgery"}},"parsed_details":{"procedure_type":"surgery","fields":{"anesthesia":["general"],"back_to_work_days":{"min":5,"max":10,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Desk work; physical jobs or prolonged sitting may need longer, depending on swelling and discomfort."},"complication_rate_pct":{"min":4,"max":15,"unit":"percent","qualifier":"Any complication within 90 days, mainly wound separation, hematoma, infection; serious ones under 2%."},"contraindications":["Active genital infection or acute skin inflammation in operative area","Pregnancy, for elective procedures","Uncontrolled systemic illness or bleeding disorders making surgery unsafe"],"days_in_clinic":{"min":0,"max":0,"unit":"nights","qualifier":"Same-day discharge after recovery from anesthesia."},"diagnostic_duration_minutes":null,"diagnostic_preparation":null,"diagnostic_referral_needed":null,"diagnostic_result_time_hours":null,"exercise_resume_weeks":{"min":4,"max":6,"unit":"weeks","qualifier":"Walking earlier; cycling, running and intercourse wait until wounds heal and surgeon clears."},"final_result_months":{"min":3,"max":6,"unit":"months","qualifier":"Swelling resolves gradually and scars soften; depends on extent of reshaping and individual healing."},"fly_home_after_days":{"min":5,"max":7,"unit":"days","qualifier":"After early wound check and suture review; depends on swelling and surgeon clearance."},"follow_up_visits":[{"purpose":"wound_check","after":{"min":5,"max":7,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Early check before travel; can be in person at the surgical location."},"requirement":"routine"},{"purpose":"assessment","after":{"min":14,"max":28,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Remote or local review of healing and suture status."},"requirement":"routine"},{"purpose":"result_review","after":{"min":90,"max":180,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Photo or in-person review of final shape and scars."},"requirement":"routine"}],"indications":["Functional or aesthetic labial or vulvar contour concerns","Reconstruction after trauma, congenital anomaly or prior surgery"],"main_risks":["Bleeding or hematoma","Infection","Wound dehiscence or delayed healing","Asymmetry or an unsatisfactory aesthetic result","Scarring, altered sensation, or pain including pain with intercourse","Possible need for revision surgery","Anesthesia-related risks"],"pain":"Moderate soreness and throbbing for the first 3-5 days, controlled with oral painkillers and cold packs. Discomfort when sitting or walking eases over 1-2 weeks.","preparation":["Gynecological exam and medical history review","Stop blood thinners and NSAIDs as advised","Stop smoking several weeks before","Schedule surgery outside menstruation","Fast 6-8 hours before anesthesia","Arrange sanitary pads and loose clothing","Arrange accommodation near clinic for first week"],"recovery_timeline":[{"phase":"Days 0-3","description":"Swelling, bruising and soreness peak; rest with cold packs and gentle hygiene care.","restrictions":["No driving after anesthesia","Limit walking and sitting","No tampons"]},{"phase":"Days 4-14","description":"Swelling gradually declines; sutures dissolve or are checked; return to light work.","restrictions":["No intercourse","No baths or swimming","No tight clothing"]},{"phase":"Weeks 2-6","description":"Wounds heal and discomfort resolves; activity is gradually increased.","restrictions":["No strenuous exercise","No cycling until cleared","No intercourse until cleared"]},{"phase":"Months 3-6","description":"Residual swelling resolves and scars mature to final appearance.","restrictions":[]}],"rehabilitation_days":{"min":7,"max":14,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Time to comfortable daily activity; depends on swelling and extent of tissue reshaping."},"result_longevity":"Results are generally long-lasting. Natural aging, childbirth and weight change may alter vulvar contour over time.","revision_rate_pct":{"min":2,"max":7,"unit":"percent","qualifier":"Revision surgery for asymmetry, under- or over-resection, or scarring within 1-2 years."},"scars":"Fine incision lines along the labial edge or within natural folds, usually fading to inconspicuous over several months. Occasionally thickened or visible scars occur.","sessions_or_stages":{"sessions":{"min":1,"max":1,"unit":"visits","qualifier":"Single surgical session; revision is occasionally needed."},"stages":[{"code":"surgery","label":"Vulvoplasty surgery","after":{"min":0,"max":0,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Performed in one stage on the day of admission."}}],"qualifier":"Single-stage procedure."},"success":{"metric":"Patient satisfaction with appearance and comfort","value":90,"unit":"percent satisfied","horizon":"6 months","population":"Adults after cosmetic labia reduction, standalone single-stage","evidence_status":"limited"},"techniques":[{"name":"Edge trimming (curvilinear resection)","suits_whom":"Excess labial length with darker edge tissue to remove","recovery":"Swelling 2-3 weeks; return to light work in about a week."},{"name":"Wedge resection","suits_whom":"Thick or uneven labia needing preserved natural edge","recovery":"Similar recovery; slightly higher risk of wound separation."},{"name":"De-epithelialization reduction","suits_whom":"Preference to keep natural edge and pigmentation","recovery":"Similar recovery, about 1-2 weeks of soreness."},{"name":"Clitoral hood reduction","suits_whom":"Redundant clitoral hood tissue, alone or combined","recovery":"Similar recovery; sensitivity changes settle over weeks."}],"treatment_conditions":["day_case"],"treatment_duration_hours":{"min":1,"max":2,"unit":"hours","qualifier":"Operating time; longer if clitoral hood reduction or other reshaping is added."},"initial_assessment_documents":["Clear photos of the vulvar area","Recent gynecological exam report","List of blood thinners","Previous genital surgery or trauma records (if available)"],"travel_trips":{"min":1,"max":1,"one_trip_possible":true,"qualifier":"Single-stage surgery; stay 5-7 days for early follow-up and suture check. Later checks done remotely or locally."},"clinic_checks":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"C1","text":"Have an appointment with the consultant surgeon to ask questions and discuss the surgery","scope":"treatment_type","source":{"url":"https://www.chelwest.nhs.uk/your-visit/patient-leaflets/ccgs","host":"chelwest.nhs.uk","quote":"You will have an appointment with your consultant surgeon and this is an opportunity for you to ask any questions and discuss the surgery and what it entails and understand the outcomes of this surgery.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},{"id":"C2","text":"Check that the surgeon's appointment covers procedure detail, duration and what to expect","scope":"treatment_type","source":{"url":"https://www.chelwest.nhs.uk/your-visit/patient-leaflets/ccgs","host":"chelwest.nhs.uk","quote":"Desired procedure detail, how long it will take, and what you should expect from this surgery","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},{"id":"C3","text":"Check that the written consent form states the risks and complications before you sign it","scope":"treatment_type","source":{"url":"https://www.chelwest.nhs.uk/your-visit/patient-leaflets/ccgs","host":"chelwest.nhs.uk","quote":"This form confirms you are informed about the surgery including knowledge about the associated risks and complications of the procedure.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},{"id":"C4","text":"Choose a surgeon who is an expert in this type of surgery","scope":"procedure","source":{"url":"https://111.wales.nhs.uk/genderdysphoria/","host":"111.wales.nhs.uk","quote":"Based on the recommendations of doctors at the gender dysphoria clinic, you will be referred to a surgeon outside the clinic who is an expert in this type of surgery.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},{"id":"C5","text":"Ensure the surgeon discusses surgery risks and limitations before consent","scope":"procedure","source":{"url":"https://111.wales.nhs.uk/genderdysphoria/","host":"111.wales.nhs.uk","quote":"Your surgeon should discuss the risks and limitations of surgery with you before you consent to the procedure.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}}],"checked_at":"2026-11-13","next_check_at":"2027-11-13","version":1},"red_flags":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"F1","text":"No appointment with the operating surgeon before the procedure to discuss the surgery and outcomes","scope":"treatment_type","source":{"url":"https://www.chelwest.nhs.uk/your-visit/patient-leaflets/ccgs","host":"chelwest.nhs.uk","quote":"You will have an appointment with your consultant surgeon and this is an opportunity for you to ask any questions and discuss the surgery and what it entails and understand the outcomes of this surgery.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},{"id":"F2","text":"Pressure to sign the consent form before you have time to read it","scope":"treatment_type","source":{"url":"https://www.chelwest.nhs.uk/your-visit/patient-leaflets/ccgs","host":"chelwest.nhs.uk","quote":"You will have all the time for reading it and signing it when you feel comfortable with the explanations.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},{"id":"F3","text":"The surgeon does not discuss risks and limitations before consent","scope":"procedure","source":{"url":"https://111.wales.nhs.uk/genderdysphoria/","host":"111.wales.nhs.uk","quote":"Your surgeon should discuss the risks and limitations of surgery with you before you consent to the procedure.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}}],"checked_at":"2026-11-13","next_check_at":"2027-11-13","version":1},"warning_signs":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"W1","text":"Increased bleeding or seeing clumps of blood","urgency":"contact_clinic","general":false,"source":{"url":"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/21953-labiaplasty","host":"my.clevelandclinic.org","quote":"Increased bleeding or seeing clumps of blood.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},{"id":"W2","text":"Discolored pus or discharge","urgency":"contact_clinic","general":false,"source":{"url":"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/21953-labiaplasty","host":"my.clevelandclinic.org","quote":"Discolored pus or discharge.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},{"id":"W3","text":"Severe pain","urgency":"contact_clinic","general":false,"source":{"url":"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/procedures/22259-clitoral-hood-reduction","host":"my.clevelandclinic.org","quote":"After a clitoral hood reduction, you should call your healthcare provider if you experience: Excessive bleeding, swelling or bruising Nausea and vomiting Severe pain","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},{"id":"W4","text":"Excessive swelling or worsening pain","urgency":"contact_clinic","general":false,"source":{"url":"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/21953-labiaplasty","host":"my.clevelandclinic.org","quote":"Excessive swelling or worsening pain.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}}],"checked_at":"2026-11-13","next_check_at":"2027-11-13","version":1},"take_home":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"T1","text":"Ask for written details of the procedure before you leave the hospital","document":"written procedure details","source":{"url":"https://rcseng.ac.uk/patient-care/cosmetic-surgery/after-surgery/","host":"rcseng.ac.uk","quote":"After your surgery, before you leave the hospital, ask for written information about the procedure you've had.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"T2","text":"Home doctor needs the clinic's follow-up recommendations in a written discharge summary","document":"discharge summary","source":{"url":"https://sbuhb.nhs.wales/about-us/individual-patient-commissioning/ipc-folder/advice-on-accessing-treatment-abroad","host":"sbuhb.nhs.wales","quote":"When you have treatment abroad, you must ask the treatment provider for their follow-up recommendations documented within a written discharge summary in English.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"T3","text":"Ask for copies of all prescriptions before you leave","document":"prescription copies","source":{"url":"https://travelhealthpro.org.uk/news/699/travelling-abroad-for-treatment","host":"travelhealthpro.org.uk","quote":"Remember to ask for copies of all your treatment records, including prescriptions, scans and x-rays before you leave.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"T4","text":"Home doctor needs the dates for required blood tests and follow-up appointments","document":"written aftercare plan","source":{"url":"https://sbuhb.nhs.wales/about-us/individual-patient-commissioning/ipc-folder/advice-on-accessing-treatment-abroad","host":"sbuhb.nhs.wales","quote":"This should include any medication and doses, as well as any dates that blood tests and follow-up appointments must be carried out.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}}],"checked_at":"2026-11-13","next_check_at":"2027-11-13","version":1},"alternatives":null,"technique_details":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"edge-trimming","name":"Edge trimming (curvilinear resection)","how_it_works":{"text":"Excess tissue is removed from the outer edge of the labia minora","source":{"url":"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/21953-labiaplasty","host":"my.clevelandclinic.org","quote":"Trim procedure. With this approach, your surgeon removes excess tissue from the outer edge of one or both sides of your labia minora so that they’re even with or inside the edges of your labia majora.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},"recovery_daily":null},{"id":"wedge-resection","name":"Wedge resection","how_it_works":{"text":"A wedge-shaped piece of inner labia minora tissue is removed","source":{"url":"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/21953-labiaplasty","host":"my.clevelandclinic.org","quote":"Wedge procedure. With this approach, your surgeon removes a wedge or pie-shaped piece of tissue from the inner areas of one or both sides of your labia minora.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},"recovery_daily":null},{"id":"de-epithelialization-reduction","name":"De-epithelialization reduction","how_it_works":null,"recovery_daily":null},{"id":"clitoral-hood-reduction","name":"Clitoral hood reduction","how_it_works":{"text":"Excess skin folds are removed from the clitoral hood","source":{"url":"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/procedures/22259-clitoral-hood-reduction","host":"my.clevelandclinic.org","quote":"A clitoral hood reduction is a surgery that removes excess tissue from the skin folds that cover and protect your clitoris.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},"recovery_daily":null}],"checked_at":"2026-11-13","next_check_at":"2027-11-13","version":1}}},"hrefLanguages":[{"rel":"alternate","hreflang":"ru","language":"ru","href":"https://ru.bookimed.com/clinics/country=turkey/procedure=vulvoplastika/page=2/"}],"questionsAndAnswers":[{"id":"5ed8f36d31e02c46c85d4675","question":"When is the best time to travel to Turkey?","answer":"The main advantage of Turkish resorts is the long beach season. On the Mediterranean coast, it starts in April and lasts until November. In the resorts of the Aegean Sea — from May to October. The most comfortable time for swimming is from mid-June to the end of October. A large influx of tourists is in July-August, when the air temperature is +38°C, and the water warms up to +27°C.
","is_active":true,"created_at":"2020-06-04T13:13:17.000+00:00","category":{"id":"5e3aa27eb517bb3ffb486c42","name":"Texts","title":"Texts"},"relations":[{"key":"country","value":"turkey"}]},{"id":"5ed8f27631e78b0abb286634","question":"What is the level of medicine in Turkey?","answer":"Healthcare is the key development sector of the Turkish government. The Turkish authorities are convinced that care for the citizens' health should be an absolute priority of state policy and spend about 77 billion liras for healthcare annually.
As a result, 28,000 medical facilities provide excellent medical care in the country. About 50 centers have certificate of JCI (Joint Commission International), the international improver of healthcare quality and safety across the globe. The index of certificates obtained is the largest. To compare, Israel has 20 JCI-accredited facilities, and Germany — only 10 clinics of this type.
","is_active":true,"created_at":"2020-06-04T13:09:10.000+00:00","category":{"id":"5e3aa27eb517bb3ffb486c42","name":"Texts","title":"Texts"},"relations":[{"key":"country","value":"turkey"}]},{"id":"5ed8f23a31e78b0abb286633","question":"What should you know about Turkey before the trip?","answer":"| Currency | lira (you also can pay for services in dollars and euros) |
| Best period for the trip | May-October |
| Language | Turkish (most of medical staff speaks English fluently) |
| Visa | is not required for a trip of at least 30 days per visit |
| Time difference with Europe | 3 hours |
| Time difference with the USA | 8 hours |
| Capital | Ankara |
| Medical tourism center | Istanbul |
| Popular resorts | Alanya, Antalya, Kemer, Marmaris |
In 2020, the Republic of Turkey has visa-free agreements with 89 states. Some foreigners are exempted from obtaining entry visas, others are required to receive an electronic visa (e-Visa), and still others must apply for a visa at Turkish missions abroad.
What states need a visa for treatment in Turkey and what countries can cross the border free and easy read here.
","is_active":true,"created_at":"2020-06-04T13:14:20.000+00:00","category":{"id":"5e3aa27eb517bb3ffb486c42","name":"Texts","title":"Texts"},"relations":[{"key":"country","value":"turkey"}]},{"id":"5ed8f3e56f5798138223b283","question":"What documents are required to apply for a visa to Turkey for treatment?","answer":"Visas for travel to Turkey require a number of documents. The necessary papers can be submitted 90 days before the planned departure. Lists of documents includes:
In Turkey, hotels of different price ranges and service levels are presented. The level of Turkish hotels is comparable to hotels in Tunisia, Morocco or Egypt. Most tourists choose 4 and 5 star hotels with all-inclusive meals. Such hotels have everything for a comfortable stay: varied food, a large well-groomed territory, animation for children and adults. Some hotels have their own water park, which guests can use for free. Budget travelers can afford to book an economical 3-star hotel with half board or no meals at all.
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