Dievo Surgery Center is a private multispecialty clinic in Kyiv with European Board of Urology accreditation. It focuses on urology, surgery, proctology, and plastic surgery. Over 4,000 patients from Europe, the US, and Australia come here each year.
Dievo Surgery Center is a private multispecialty clinic in Kyiv with European Board of Urology accreditation. It focuses on urology, surgery, proctology, and plastic surgery. Over 4,000 patients from Europe, the US, and Australia come here each year.
ADONIS Medical Group is a private women's health and fertility center in Kyiv, Ukraine. The group specializes in IVF, surrogacy, prenatal care, and operative gynecology. It also provides pediatric care and newborn diagnostics through its own maternity hospital. The clinic operates across 14 buildings with a team of over 900 employees. A key strength is its full-cycle system with an on-site embryo lab and cryobank.
The medical group has over 25 years of experience in reproductive health. More than 15,000 babies have been born through its programs. In 2020, the team performed over 1,300 cycles with a 56% cryoprotocol success rate. Dr. Maryna Sazonova leads the fertility center and has 24 years of experience. Families from 32 countries have traveled here for treatment.
Specialists use advanced diagnostic tools like CT scans, ultrasound, and X-ray imaging. The center also offers PGD NGS testing on a next-generation sequencing platform. International patients get support from a dedicated department with coordinators speaking 10 languages. This includes legal help and concierge-style coordination for surrogacy and donor programs.
","text_type":"short_description","agency_settings":[{"setting_name":"is_new","setting_value":"0"},{"setting_name":"kids_only","setting_value":"0"}],"procedure_prices":[{"prices":{"price_from":450,"price_to":700,"currency":"USD","id":31017},"diagnostic":{"id":524,"name":"Testicular Biopsy","alias":"testicular-biopsy"}}],"reviews":[],"clinic":{"id":1131,"alias":"adonis-medical-group-of-companies","name":"ADONIS Medical Group of Companies","short_description":"ADONIS Medical Group is a private women's health and fertility center in Kyiv, Ukraine. The group specializes in IVF, surrogacy, prenatal care, and operative gynecology. It also provides pediatric care and newborn diagnostics through its own maternity hospital. The clinic operates across 14 buildings with a team of over 900 employees. A key strength is its full-cycle system with an on-site embryo lab and cryobank.
The medical group has over 25 years of experience in reproductive health. More than 15,000 babies have been born through its programs. In 2020, the team performed over 1,300 cycles with a 56% cryoprotocol success rate. Dr. Maryna Sazonova leads the fertility center and has 24 years of experience. Families from 32 countries have traveled here for treatment.
Specialists use advanced diagnostic tools like CT scans, ultrasound, and X-ray imaging. The center also offers PGD NGS testing on a next-generation sequencing platform. International patients get support from a dedicated department with coordinators speaking 10 languages. This includes legal help and concierge-style coordination for surrogacy and donor programs.
","images":[{"base_url":"clinic/6a789e5ea644d","title":"Entrance to Meraki Health clinic with illuminated logo on wall"},{"base_url":"clinic/6a789e60712aa","title":"Reception desk at ADONIS Medical Group, modern minimalist clinic interior"},{"base_url":"clinic/6a789e6274644","title":"Reception area at Clínica Cuidarte with modern wood panel design"},{"base_url":"clinic/6a789e644598a","title":"Reception area at ADONIS Medical Group, Kyiv, modern interior with seating"}],"flags":[{"name":"is_hide","value":false},{"name":"has_active_agencies","value":false}],"geo":{"country":{"name":"Ukraine","id":47,"alias":"ukraine","iso_code":"UA"},"city":{"name":"Kyiv","id":109,"alias":"kiev"},"address":"Dniprovska Embankment, 26К, Kyiv, Ukraine, 02132"},"rating":{"rating":4.7,"google":5,"percent_of_satisfied_clients":85},"statistics":{"number_of_reviews":41,"doctors_number":925},"accreditations":[],"agency_settings":[{"setting_name":"is_new","setting_value":"0"},{"setting_name":"kids_only","setting_value":"0"}]}},{"text":"Avicenna Med Medical Center specializes in minimally invasive mastectomy procedures with 3D laparoscopic techniques. The procedure typically costs around $2,400–$3,000. The clinic reports a 99% success rate for surgical interventions and provides 24/7 patient support throughout recovery.
","text_type":"mt_wow_description","agency_settings":[{"setting_name":"is_new","setting_value":"0"},{"setting_name":"kids_only","setting_value":"0"}],"procedure_prices":[{"prices":{"price_from":2000,"price_to":4500,"currency":"USD","id":30102},"operation":{"id":9,"name":"Mastectomy","alias":"mastectomy"}},{"prices":{"price_from":40,"price_to":70,"currency":"USD","id":30130},"diagnostic":{"id":102,"name":"Consultation with an oncologist","alias":"consultation-of-oncologist"}}],"reviews":[],"clinic":{"id":956,"alias":"avicenna-med-medical-center","name":"Avicenna Med Medical Center","short_description":"Avicenna Med Medical Center in Kyiv handles over 5,000 patients and 1,000 surgeries each year. It focuses on bariatric surgery, gynecology, urology, and plastic surgery. The clinic uses 3D laparoscopic techniques for faster recovery.
Dobrobut Medical Network is an ISO-certified private healthcare network in Kyiv, Ukraine. It treats over 330,000 patients annually across 18 medical centers. Its main specialties are oncology, cardiac surgery, and orthopedics.
Dobrobut Medical Network is an ISO-certified private healthcare network in Kyiv, Ukraine. It treats over 330,000 patients annually across 18 medical centers. Its main specialties are oncology, cardiac surgery, and orthopedics.
Smart Medical Center is a multidisciplinary medical network in Kyiv, Ukraine. It treats both adults and children across three branches. Key specialties include oncology, surgery, gynecology, and proctology. The clinic has been operating for over nine years. Its team includes more than 280 doctors and over 70 experienced surgeons. Around 30 staff members hold academic degrees or scientific titles.
The network has 14 specialized departments, its own laboratory, and dedicated surgical facilities. Diagnostics include digital X-ray, expert-level endoscopy, and ultrasound. The clinic holds ESMO and ASCO accreditations for its cancer care. It is also an official internship base for major medical universities.
","text_type":"short_description","agency_settings":[{"setting_name":"is_new","setting_value":"0"},{"setting_name":"kids_only","setting_value":"0"}],"reviews":[],"clinic":{"id":5039,"alias":"kateryna-test","name":"Smart Medical Center","short_description":"Smart Medical Center is a multidisciplinary medical network in Kyiv, Ukraine. It treats both adults and children across three branches. Key specialties include oncology, surgery, gynecology, and proctology. The clinic has been operating for over nine years. Its team includes more than 280 doctors and over 70 experienced surgeons. Around 30 staff members hold academic degrees or scientific titles.
The network has 14 specialized departments, its own laboratory, and dedicated surgical facilities. Diagnostics include digital X-ray, expert-level endoscopy, and ultrasound. The clinic holds ESMO and ASCO accreditations for its cancer care. It is also an official internship base for major medical universities.
","images":[{"base_url":"clinic/6a777edcae252","title":"Smart Medical Center clinic exterior with modern facade in Kyiv, Ukraine"},{"base_url":"clinic/6a777edeb1491","title":"Smart Medical Center clinic building exterior in Kyiv, modern healthcare facility"},{"base_url":"clinic/6a777ee0508c6","title":"Smart Medical Center clinic building exterior in Kyiv, modern healthcare facility"},{"base_url":"clinic/6a777ee240a38","title":"Reception area at Smart Medical Center with modern minimalist design"}],"flags":[{"name":"has_active_agencies","value":false},{"name":"is_hide","value":false}],"geo":{"country":{"name":"Ukraine","id":47,"alias":"ukraine","iso_code":"UA"},"city":{"name":"Kyiv","id":109,"alias":"kiev"},"address":"Levka Lukianenka St, 21/2, Unit 10, Kyiv, Ukraine, 04207"},"rating":{"rating":4.5,"google":4.6,"percent_of_satisfied_clients":0},"statistics":{"number_of_reviews":0,"doctors_number":280},"accreditations":[{"logo":"https://s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/bookimed/accreditations/5d1129badf6c5.jpeg","name":"European Society for Medical Oncology","country_code":"CH"}],"agency_settings":[{"setting_name":"is_new","setting_value":"0"},{"setting_name":"kids_only","setting_value":"0"}]}},{"text":"Universal Clinic Oberig is a multidisciplinary hospital in Kyiv, Ukraine. It provides evidence-based care for adults and children. The clinic specializes in oncology, neurology, pediatrics, and transplantation. Its Center of Transplantation has performed over 220 organ transplants since 2020. Patient survival after these procedures exceeds 85%.
Founded in 2008, Oberig employs more than 160 doctors. The hospital has 148 beds and 6 modern operating rooms. It holds ESMO accreditation for its cancer services. Advanced Varian TrueBeam STX and Halcyon linear accelerators allow precise, bloodless stereotactic radiosurgery.
HEPA 14 filtration with 99.995% efficiency supports infection safety. The team joins international clinical trials for lung cancer and melanoma. Specialists also lead training through the clinic's own Medical Academy.
","text_type":"short_description","agency_settings":[{"setting_name":"is_new","setting_value":"1"},{"setting_name":"kids_only","setting_value":"0"}],"reviews":[],"clinic":{"id":8421,"alias":"universal-clinic-oberig","name":"Universal Clinic “Oberig”","short_description":"Universal Clinic Oberig is a multidisciplinary hospital in Kyiv, Ukraine. It provides evidence-based care for adults and children. The clinic specializes in oncology, neurology, pediatrics, and transplantation. Its Center of Transplantation has performed over 220 organ transplants since 2020. Patient survival after these procedures exceeds 85%.
Founded in 2008, Oberig employs more than 160 doctors. The hospital has 148 beds and 6 modern operating rooms. It holds ESMO accreditation for its cancer services. Advanced Varian TrueBeam STX and Halcyon linear accelerators allow precise, bloodless stereotactic radiosurgery.
HEPA 14 filtration with 99.995% efficiency supports infection safety. The team joins international clinical trials for lung cancer and melanoma. Specialists also lead training through the clinic's own Medical Academy.
","images":[{"base_url":"clinic/6a85b8f1c2610","title":"Main entrance of Universal Clinic Oberig in Kyiv, modern medical facility exterior"},{"base_url":"clinic/6a85b8f379b5a","title":"Modern exterior of Universal Clinic Oberig in Kyiv, Ukraine"},{"base_url":"clinic/6a85b8f53961d","title":"Modern exterior of Universal Clinic Oberig in Kyiv, Ukraine"},{"base_url":"clinic/6a85b8f6a92f9","title":"Waiting area hallway at Universal Clinic Oberig, Kyiv with chairs and framed art"}],"flags":[{"name":"has_active_agencies","value":false},{"name":"is_hide","value":false},{"name":"is_created_by_parser","value":true}],"geo":{"country":{"name":"Ukraine","id":47,"alias":"ukraine","iso_code":"UA"},"city":{"name":"Kyiv","id":109,"alias":"kiev"},"address":"Building “V” and “G”, Zoolohichna St, 3, Kyiv, Ukraine, 03057"},"rating":{"rating":4,"google":4,"percent_of_satisfied_clients":0},"statistics":{"number_of_reviews":0,"doctors_number":8,"year_foundation":2008},"accreditations":[{"logo":"https://s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/bookimed/accreditations/5d1129badf6c5.jpeg","name":"European Society for Medical Oncology","country_code":"CH"}],"agency_settings":[{"setting_name":"is_new","setting_value":"1"},{"setting_name":"kids_only","setting_value":"0"}]}}],"meta":{"total_count":6,"total_pages":1}},"clinicsMeta":{"total_count":6,"total_pages":1},"clinicsCount":8,"clinicsCountByEntity":{"clinic_count":160},"doctors":{"doctors":[{"card_text":"Specializes in surgical treatments for abdominal and oncological conditions, including mastectomy, at Dievo Surgery Center.
Dr. Abu Shamsiya Rami Nuamanovych is a surgical oncologist and gastrointestinal specialist at Dievo Surgery Center. He serves as a consultant for the World Health Organization regarding laparoscopic procedures. Dr. Nuamanovych has performed thousands of surgeries, including bariatric and complex cancer operations. He is the President of the Association of Arab Doctors of Ukraine.
Dievo Surgery Center is a private multispecialty clinic in Kyiv with European Board of Urology accreditation. It focuses on urology, surgery, proctology, and plastic surgery. Over 4,000 patients from Europe, the US, and Australia come here each year.
Center Oka is a specialized ophthalmology clinic in Kyiv, Ukraine. It cares for adults and children across two locations. Key specialties include cataract surgery, laser vision correction, and glaucoma treatment. The clinic opened in 2015 and has since treated over 105,000 patients. Its surgical team performs more than 51,000 procedures each year.
For laser vision correction, the clinic reports a 99% success rate. Over 59% of patients achieve vision better than the standard norm. Center Oka earned a Cabinet of Ministers award for laser eye treatment. Doctors speak regularly at the American Academy of Ophthalmology. The clinic uses Alcon WaveLight EX500 and Centurion Vision systems. Advanced diagnostics include Pentacam tomography and OCT-angiography.
","images":[{"base_url":"clinic/6a775339ed480","title":"Ophthalmology Clinic Center Oka exterior entrance in Kyiv, Ukraine"},{"base_url":"clinic/6a77533c301db","title":"Modern exterior of Ophthalmology Clinic Center Oka in Ukraine with glass facade"},{"base_url":"clinic/6a77533e22404","title":"Ophthalmology Clinic Center Oka modern exterior in Ukraine with accessible entrance"},{"base_url":"clinic/6a77533fe8211","title":"Reception and waiting area at Center Oka Ophthalmology Clinic, modern bright interior"}],"flags":[{"name":"has_active_agencies","value":false},{"name":"is_hide","value":false}],"geo":{"country":{"name":"Ukraine","id":47,"alias":"ukraine","iso_code":"UA"},"city":{"name":"Kyiv","id":109,"alias":"kiev"},"address":"Kyiv, left bank: vul. Zakhrevskoho 22; right bank: vul. Kopernyka 12D"},"rating":{"rating":0,"google":4.9,"percent_of_satisfied_clients":0},"statistics":{"number_of_reviews":0,"doctors_number":11,"year_foundation":2015},"accreditations":[]}},{"card_text":"8,000+ successful plastic surgeries performed – Dr. Alexander Zavoloka is a leading expert in reconstructive surgery at Patlazhan Clinic.
Dr. Alexander Zavoloka has performed over 8,000 successful operations. He heads the Patlazhan Clinic and School of Plastic Surgery in Odesa. Dr. Zavoloka holds seven patents for inventions in rhinoplasty and mammoplasty. He is a co-founder of the Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgeons of Ukraine.
Patlazhan Clinic is a plastic surgery center in Odesa, Ukraine, founded by Dr. Gennady Patlazhan. He has over 20 years of experience and 11,000+ procedures. The clinic specializes in plastic surgery and aesthetic plastic surgery.
A mastectomy in Ukraine costs _op_9_price_from_ to _op_9_price_to_, compared with about _price_compare_US_average_ in the US (Bookimed data, _date_). Most packages include a hotel stay, airport transfers, and a doctor consultation. Bookimed lists 2 mastectomy clinics in Ukraine, all in Kyiv.
"},"txt_price":{"text":"Mastectomy in Ukraine typically costs from _op_9_price_from_ to _op_9_price_to_. Rates depend on the surgical technique, the extent of the procedure, and the choice of clinic. In the United States, similar procedures cost around _price_compare_US_average_ on average. Patients save around _price_percent_discount_% compared to the US. This surgical oncology service generally includes preoperative tests, anesthesia, and a hospital stay.
\n\nBookimed Expert Insight: Choosing high-volume networks like Dobrobut Medical Network ensures access to ISO-certified care for complex oncology cases. Dievo Surgery Center offers ISAPS-certified expertise, serving patients from Europe and the USA. Specialized surgeons like Alexander Zavoloka in Odesa bring 31 years of experience and international awards. For maximum precision, Avicenna Med provides 3D laparoscopic interventions with a 99% surgical success rate.
"}},"texts":{"txt_procedure_3_clinics":{"text":"Mastectomy is a radical treatment for breast cancer.
Unlike lumpectomy (tumor removal), mastectomy involves resection of the entire breast.
Indications for total breast removal:
Also, during a mastectomy, regional (axillary) lymph nodes are removed.
Lymphedema is swelling of the extremities caused by stagnation of lymph after removal of the lymph node.
Edema can develop immediately after surgery, and after a fairly long time.
Lymph stasis is characterized by:
Day 1 - Arrival
\nDay 2 - Pre-operation
\nDay 3 - Mastectomy
\nDay 4 - Post-operation
\nWeek 1 - 2 - Rehabilitation
\nWeek 3 - 6 - Rehabilitation
\nWeek 7 - 12 - Rehabilitation
\nEach case is individual, please consult with your physician for specific details.
"},"overview":{"text":"It is a surgical procedure to remove one or both breasts, partially or completely, to treat or prevent breast cancer.
This operation removes cancerous tissues from the breast, helping to halt disease growth and aiding overall treatment.
"},"279":{"operation":{"name":"Gland therapy for breast cancer","alias":"gland-therapy-for-breast-cancer","use_for_listing":false},"country_price":{"UA":{"amount":3200,"max_amount":5800,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":0,"price_kind":"estimate","price_source":"parsed","scope":"country"},"US":{"amount":24000,"max_amount":42000,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":0,"price_kind":"estimate","price_source":"parsed","scope":"country"},"TR":{"amount":3900,"max_amount":6800,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":0,"price_kind":"estimate","price_source":"parsed","scope":"country"},"TH":{"amount":5200,"max_amount":7500,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":0,"price_kind":"estimate","price_source":"parsed","scope":"country"},"AT":{"amount":9000,"max_amount":16000,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":0,"price_kind":"estimate","price_source":"parsed","scope":"country"},"ES":{"amount":2200,"max_amount":12000,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":1,"price_kind":"from_range","price_source":"tariff","scope":"country"}},"available_clinics":{"UA":false,"US":false,"TR":false,"TH":false,"AT":false,"ES":true},"description":"This therapy treats breast tumors by applying medication directly to the gland, reducing side effects and improving efficacy.
"},"286":{"operation":{"name":"Lumpectomy ","alias":"lumpectomy","use_for_listing":true},"country_price":{"UA":{"amount":1500,"max_amount":3200,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":1,"price_kind":"from_range","price_source":"tariff","scope":"country"},"US":{"amount":14000,"max_amount":24000,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":0,"price_kind":"estimate","price_source":"parsed","scope":"country"},"TR":{"amount":2500,"max_amount":9100,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":10,"price_kind":"from_range","price_source":"mixed","scope":"country"},"TH":{"amount":2200,"max_amount":6500,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":1,"price_kind":"from_range","price_source":"tariff","scope":"country"},"AT":{"amount":5800,"max_amount":9500,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":0,"price_kind":"estimate","price_source":"parsed","scope":"country"},"ES":{"amount":11200,"max_amount":16800,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":1,"price_kind":"from_range","price_source":"tariff","scope":"country"}},"available_clinics":{"UA":true,"US":false,"TR":true,"TH":true,"AT":false,"ES":true},"description":"The procedure removes only cancerous breast tissue, sparing the remaining healthy part, ensuring quicker recovery.
"},"289":{"operation":{"name":"Intrabeam","alias":"intrabeam","use_for_listing":false},"country_price":{"UA":{"amount":3500,"max_amount":6200,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":0,"price_kind":"estimate","price_source":"parsed","scope":"country"},"US":{"amount":18000,"max_amount":30000,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":0,"price_kind":"estimate","price_source":"parsed","scope":"country"},"TR":{"amount":7500,"max_amount":11000,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":0,"price_kind":"estimate","price_source":"parsed","scope":"country"},"TH":{"amount":5000,"max_amount":7500,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":0,"price_kind":"estimate","price_source":"parsed","scope":"country"},"AT":{"amount":4800,"max_amount":8000,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":0,"price_kind":"estimate","price_source":"parsed","scope":"country"},"ES":{"amount":6500,"max_amount":9500,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":0,"price_kind":"estimate","price_source":"parsed","scope":"country"}},"available_clinics":{"UA":false,"US":false,"TR":false,"TH":false,"AT":false,"ES":false},"description":"This therapy is a targeted, low-dose radiation treatment for cancer, applied directly to the tumor site during surgery, minimizing side effects.
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longer with physical work, axillary surgery or drains."},"complication_rate_pct":{"min":10,"max":30,"unit":"percent","qualifier":"Any complication within 30-90 days, mainly seroma, infection, hematoma, flap necrosis; serious ones under 5%"},"contraindications":["Severe uncontrolled cardiopulmonary disease precluding anesthesia (relative)","Uncorrected bleeding disorder or unmanaged therapeutic anticoagulation","Active uncontrolled infection at the surgical site","Pregnancy (needs specialist planning; relative)","Metastatic disease where surgery offers no clinical benefit"],"days_in_clinic":{"min":7,"max":14,"unit":"nights","qualifier":"Includes 0–2 hospital nights; total stay 7–14 nights until drain removal and first review."},"diagnostic_duration_minutes":null,"diagnostic_preparation":null,"diagnostic_referral_needed":null,"diagnostic_result_time_hours":null,"exercise_resume_weeks":{"min":4,"max":8,"unit":"weeks","qualifier":"Gentle shoulder range-of-motion earlier; strenuous upper-body exercise after surgeon clearance."},"final_result_months":{"min":3,"max":12,"unit":"months","qualifier":"Scar maturation and resolution of swelling and altered sensation; without reconstruction."},"fly_home_after_days":{"min":7,"max":14,"unit":"days","qualifier":"After drain removal and first wound check; longer with axillary dissection, drains in place or complications."},"follow_up_visits":[{"purpose":"wound_check","requirement":"routine","after":{"min":7,"max":14,"unit":"days","qualifier":"First postoperative review, often with drain removal."}},{"purpose":"result_review","requirement":"routine","after":{"min":7,"max":14,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Pathology results discussion and planning of any further treatment."}},{"purpose":"assessment","requirement":"conditional","after":{"min":28,"max":56,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Healing and shoulder function check."}}],"indications":["Breast cancer or DCIS where breast-conserving surgery is unsuitable","Multicentric or extensive disease, or recurrence after breast-conserving therapy","Risk-reducing surgery in high-risk patients (e.g., BRCA mutation)","Persistent positive margins after lumpectomy","Selected locally advanced disease after systemic therapy"],"main_risks":["Bleeding or hematoma","Seroma","Wound infection","Delayed wound healing or skin flap necrosis","Chronic pain or post-mastectomy pain syndrome","Numbness or altered chest wall sensation","Shoulder stiffness","Lymphedema if axillary surgery is performed","Psychological and body image impact","Anesthesia-related risks and venous thromboembolism"],"pain":"Moderate pain and tightness in the first few days, managed with oral analgesics; typically improves over 1–2 weeks. Some patients develop lingering chest wall or axillary discomfort.","preparation":["Preoperative imaging and pathology review","Consultation on mastectomy type, axillary management, reconstruction options","Medical assessment and routine blood tests","Fasting before general anesthesia","Medication review with the surgical team","Stop smoking where possible","Arrange help at home and loose front-opening clothing"],"recovery_timeline":[{"phase":"Days 0–3","description":"Hospital stay or same-day discharge; drain care taught if drains placed; walking encouraged.","restrictions":["No driving while on opioid analgesics","Avoid lifting"]},{"phase":"Weeks 1–2","description":"Drain removal, wound healing, gentle arm and shoulder exercises.","restrictions":["Avoid lifting over a few kilograms","Keep dressings dry as advised"]},{"phase":"Weeks 3–6","description":"Return to light activity and desk work; increasing arm mobility.","restrictions":["Avoid strenuous upper-body activity"]},{"phase":"Weeks 6–12","description":"Return to full activity after clearance; scar softening; prosthesis fitting if desired.","restrictions":[]}],"rehabilitation_days":{"min":14,"max":42,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Ordinary functional recovery of daily activities and arm and shoulder mobility after simple mastectomy."},"result_longevity":"Removal of breast tissue is permanent; the breast does not regrow. Cancer recurrence risk depends on disease stage and further treatment.","revision_rate_pct":{"min":2,"max":6,"unit":"percent","qualifier":"Unplanned return to theatre within 30 days, mostly for hematoma, infection or wound problems"},"scars":"A flat horizontal or oblique scar across the chest wall, usually 15–25 cm, fading over 6–12 months. Nipple-sparing techniques use shorter incisions. A drain site scar may remain.","sessions_or_stages":{"sessions":{"min":1,"max":1,"unit":"visits","qualifier":"Single operation for mastectomy alone, without staged reconstruction."},"stages":[{"code":"mastectomy_surgery","label":"Mastectomy operation","after":{"min":0,"max":0,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Performed on day of procedure."}}],"qualifier":"Standalone unilateral mastectomy without reconstruction."},"success":{"metric":"Local control: no chest wall recurrence","value":95,"unit":"percent","horizon":"10 years","population":"Adults with early-stage breast cancer undergoing simple mastectomy without reconstruction","evidence_status":"limited"},"techniques":[{"name":"Total (simple) mastectomy","suits_whom":"Most patients needing removal of all breast tissue, including prophylactic cases.","recovery":"Usually 2–6 weeks to return to routine activity."},{"name":"Skin-sparing or nipple-sparing mastectomy","suits_whom":"Patients planning immediate reconstruction with suitable tumor location.","recovery":"Depends on reconstruction; generally longer than simple mastectomy."},{"name":"Modified radical mastectomy","suits_whom":"Patients with confirmed axillary node involvement needing axillary dissection.","recovery":"Often 4–8 weeks; higher risk of lymphedema and shoulder stiffness."}],"treatment_conditions":["day_case","inpatient"],"treatment_duration_hours":{"min":1.5,"max":3,"unit":"hours","qualifier":"Unilateral simple mastectomy without reconstruction; longer with axillary dissection or bilateral surgery."},"initial_assessment_documents":["Breast biopsy pathology report","Mammogram and breast ultrasound reports","Breast MRI report (if available)","Imaging discs or files of breast scans","Genetic test results (if available)","Oncology treatment plan (if available)"],"travel_trips":{"min":1,"max":1,"one_trip_possible":true,"qualifier":"Single operation; stay about 7-14 days for drain removal and first review. Later checks usually done at home."},"clinic_checks":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"C1","text":"Check that the surgeon will explain the risks and complications of your procedure","scope":"procedure","source":{"url":"https://www.plasticsurgery.org/reconstructive-procedures/breast-reconstruction/questions","host":"plasticsurgery.org","quote":"What are the risks and complications associated with my procedure?","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-12","http_status":200}},{"id":"C2","text":"Check the qualifications of the medical team that will treat you","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://www.nhs.uk/using-the-nhs/healthcare-abroad/going-abroad-for-treatment/treatment-abroad-checklist/","host":"nhs.uk","quote":"Have you checked the qualifications of the medical team treating you?","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-12","http_status":200}},{"id":"C3","text":"Ask about the clinic's regulation and its record on infection 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