{"key":"op_929_GB","page":{"url":"https://us-uk.bookimed.com/clinics/country=united-kingdom/procedure=sex-reassignment-surgery/","procedure":{"id":929,"slug":"sex-reassignment-surgery","name":"Sex reassignment surgery","name_forms":{"plural":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"genitive":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"}},"type":"surgery","grammar_number":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"parent_id":"plastic-surgery","family_attribute":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"}},"country":{"id":161,"iso":"GB","name":"United Kingdom"},"currency":"USD","data_date":"2026-09-26"},"pages":{"clinics_url":"https://us-uk.bookimed.com/clinics/country=united-kingdom/procedure=sex-reassignment-surgery/","cost_url":"https://us-uk.bookimed.com/clinics/country=united-kingdom/procedure=sex-reassignment-surgery/cost/","best_url":{"status":"missing","reason":"template not live"}},"price":{"from":20000,"to":40000,"avg":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_offers"},"us":{"from":30000,"to":60000},"uk":{"from":20000,"to":40000},"by_technique":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"by_city":[{"city":"London","from":20000},{"city":"Liverpool","from":20500}],"per_unit":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"factors":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"tiers":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_offers"},"comparison":[{"country_iso":"UA","from":5000,"to":11000},{"country_iso":"FR","from":12000,"to":24000},{"country_iso":"US","from":30000,"to":60000},{"country_iso":"IL","from":22000,"to":35000},{"country_iso":"TR","from":9000,"to":14500},{"country_iso":"MX","from":8000,"to":19000},{"country_iso":"DE","from":12000,"to":23000},{"country_iso":"CA","from":17000,"to":31000},{"country_iso":"AE","from":12000,"to":26000},{"country_iso":"TH","from":4400,"to":9500},{"country_iso":"PL","from":4300,"to":17500},{"country_iso":"KR","from":10000,"to":23000},{"country_iso":"CZ","from":9000,"to":16000},{"country_iso":"AT","from":14000,"to":24000},{"country_iso":"ES","from":14000,"to":25000},{"country_iso":"IT","from":9000,"to":19000},{"country_iso":"CN","from":9000,"to":20000},{"country_iso":"AU","from":28000,"to":52000},{"country_iso":"IN","from":6500,"to":11000},{"country_iso":"MY","from":7500,"to":12000},{"country_iso":"VN","from":4500,"to":9500},{"country_iso":"BR","from":7500,"to":15000}],"base_country":"US","base_is_fallback":false},"savings":{"pct":33,"variant":"ranges_overlap"},"package":{"included":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_offers"},"excluded":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_offers"},"extra_charges":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"}},"clinics":{"count":2,"items":[{"id":1829,"name":"Plastic Surgery Group Clinic","city":"London","rating":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"reviews_count":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"accreditations":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"rank":1,"has_procedure":true,"why_ranked":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"bookimed_stats":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_published"},"procedure_description":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"offers":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_offers"}},{"id":3849,"name":"Liverpool Breast Clinic - Mr M.V.Chandrashekar","city":"Liverpool","rating":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"reviews_count":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"accreditations":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"rank":2,"has_procedure":true,"why_ranked":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"bookimed_stats":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_published"},"procedure_description":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"offers":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_offers"}}]},"doctors":{"count":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"languages":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"}},"cities":[{"id":312,"slug":"london","name":"London","clinics_count":1,"price_from":20000,"profile":{"city_type":"Capital of the United Kingdom","access":["Heathrow Airport (LHR), 23 km west of central London","Gatwick Airport (LGW), 48 km south of central London"],"sources":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heathrow_Airport","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gatwick_Airport"],"checked_at":"2026-11-03","status":"ok"}},{"id":1958,"slug":"liverpool","name":"Liverpool","clinics_count":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"price_from":20500,"profile":{"city_type":"Port city in Merseyside, England","access":["Liverpool John Lennon Airport (LPL), 19 km from city center"],"sources":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liverpool","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liverpool_John_Lennon_Airport"],"checked_at":"2026-11-03","status":"ok"}}],"offers":{"active":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_offers"},"active_with_related":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_offers"},"hospital_nights_median":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_offers"},"days_in_country_median":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_offers"},"top_offers":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_offers"},"packages":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_offers"},"related_packages":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_offers"},"other_packages":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_offers"}},"medical":{"indications":["Persistent, well-documented gender dysphoria in adults","Gender incongruence causing distress despite hormone therapy"],"contraindications":["Gender dysphoria unconfirmed by qualified assessment","Untreated severe psychiatric illness impairing consent or aftercare","Active smoking or nicotine use (relative; stop before surgery)","Uncontrolled diabetes, cardiovascular or serious illness unsafe for anesthesia","Very high or very low BMI (relative)","Active infection or skin disease at surgical or donor site","Unable to follow dilation or catheter aftercare"],"operation_hours":{"min":3,"max":6,"unit":"hours","qualifier":"Operating time for penile inversion vaginoplasty; varies with technique and surgeon."},"anesthesia":["general"],"sessions_or_stages":{"sessions":{"min":1,"max":1,"unit":"visits","qualifier":"One surgical procedure; revisions are not routine."},"stages":[{"code":"single_stage_surgery","label":"Single-stage vaginoplasty under general anesthesia","after":{"min":0,"max":0,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Performed on day of surgery."}}],"qualifier":"Penile inversion vaginoplasty is usually done in one stage."},"hospital_nights":{"value":{"min":5,"max":7,"unit":"nights","qualifier":"Stay until packing and catheter care are stable; based on penile inversion vaginoplasty."},"source":"parsed_details"},"treatment_conditions":["inpatient"],"rehabilitation_days":{"min":30,"max":45,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Ordinary daily function with dilation routine; depends on healing and pain."},"fly_home_after_days":{"min":14,"max":21,"unit":"days","qualifier":"After catheter removal and first dilation review; clearance depends on wound healing and thrombosis risk."},"back_to_work_days":{"min":21,"max":56,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Desk work from about week 3; physical work needs 6-8 weeks or longer."},"exercise_resume_weeks":{"min":6,"max":12,"unit":"weeks","qualifier":"Walking early; strenuous exercise, cycling and pelvic strain after surgeon clearance and healing."},"final_result_months":{"min":6,"max":12,"unit":"months","qualifier":"Swelling settles and sensation and appearance mature; depends on healing and dilation adherence."},"result_longevity":"Results are intended to be permanent, though revisions or additional procedures may be needed depending on technique and healing.","main_risks":["Bleeding, hematoma and infection","Wound dehiscence and delayed healing","Partial or total tissue/flap necrosis","Urethral stricture, fistula or urinary complications","Loss or reduced genital sensation, or sexual dysfunction","Neovaginal stenosis or prolapse; rectal injury (vaginoplasty)","Persistent pain, visible scarring","Need for revision surgery","Thromboembolism and anesthesia-related risks","Donor-site complications where grafts or flaps are used","Psychological distress or dissatisfaction"],"complication_rate_pct":{"min":20,"max":40,"unit":"percent","qualifier":"Any early or late complication after penile inversion vaginoplasty; major complications such as rectal injury under 2%."},"revision_rate_pct":{"min":5,"max":20,"unit":"percent","qualifier":"Secondary surgery, mostly minor cosmetic or functional revision such as labiaplasty, clitoral hood or stricture correction."},"success":{"metric":"Patient satisfaction with surgical result","value":93,"horizon":"1-2 years after surgery","source":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"evidence_status":"limited"},"scars":"Scars are unavoidable and vary by technique; they may be genital, perineal, abdominal, or at flap donor sites such as the forearm or thigh.","pain":"Moderate to significant pain in the first days to weeks, controlled with multimodal analgesia; intensity varies with the operation and donor sites.","preparation":["Mental health and endocrine assessment per local standards","Preoperative medical evaluation, blood tests and anesthesia assessment","Smoking and nicotine cessation","Surgeon-directed hair removal at donor or genital site","Fertility counselling and preservation discussion","Bowel preparation and fasting as instructed","Arrange postoperative support and accommodation near the clinic"],"recovery_timeline":[{"phase":"Hospital stay (days 0-7)","description":"Bed rest with vaginal packing and urinary catheter. Pain controlled with multimodal analgesia.","restrictions":["Limited mobility","No sitting directly on the area"]},{"phase":"Early recovery (weeks 1-3)","description":"Packing and catheter removed; dilation begins. Stay near the clinic for wound checks.","restrictions":["No long travel","No lifting","Avoid prolonged sitting"]},{"phase":"Intermediate recovery (weeks 3-8)","description":"Swelling and discharge decrease; return to desk work. Dilation continues several times daily.","restrictions":["No strenuous exercise","No cycling","No sexual activity"]},{"phase":"Late recovery (months 2-12)","description":"Gradual return to full activity after clearance. Dilation frequency is reduced over time.","restrictions":["Follow surgeon's dilation schedule","Sexual activity only after clearance"]}],"follow_up_visits":[{"purpose":"wound_check","requirement":"routine","after":{"min":5,"max":7,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Packing and catheter removal, first dilation teaching."}},{"purpose":"wound_check","requirement":"routine","after":{"min":14,"max":21,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Check healing, granulation and dilation technique before travel."}},{"purpose":"assessment","requirement":"routine","after":{"min":42,"max":90,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Depth, dilation progress and activity clearance, often remote."}},{"purpose":"result_review","requirement":"routine","after":{"min":180,"max":365,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Final appearance, function and need for revision."}}],"sources":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"clinic_checks":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"C1","text":"Check that your surgeon explains what to expect after surgery and which symptoms signal potential problems","scope":"procedure","source":{"url":"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/procedures/21572-vaginoplasty","host":"my.clevelandclinic.org","quote":"Your surgeon will go over what you can expect after vaginoplasty, including what symptoms are signs of potential problems.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"C2","text":"Check which surgical method your surgeon uses, because risks and recovery depend on it","scope":"procedure","source":{"url":"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/procedures/21572-vaginoplasty","host":"my.clevelandclinic.org","quote":"The risks and recovery process depend on the method your surgeon uses.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"C3","text":"Interview as many surgeons as possible before choosing, in person or by video","scope":"procedure","source":{"url":"https://www.healthline.com/health/transgender/bottom-surgery","host":"healthline.com","quote":"When choosing a surgeon, pursue in-person or skype interviews with as many surgeons as possible.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"C4","text":"Check the qualifications of the medical team that will treat you","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://www.nhs.uk/using-the-nhs/healthcare-abroad/going-abroad-for-treatment/treatment-abroad-checklist/","host":"nhs.uk","quote":"Have you checked the qualifications of the medical team treating you?","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"C5","text":"Check whether follow-up care takes place at the same facility as the procedure","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://www.cdc.gov/Yellow-book/hcp/health-care-abroad/medical-tourism.html","host":"cdc.gov","quote":"Medical tourists should also know whether follow-up care is scheduled to occur at the same facility as the procedure.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":403}}],"checked_at":"2026-11-11","next_check_at":"2027-11-11","version":1},"red_flags":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"F1","text":"A clinic that offers no consultation with the operating surgeon until the day of surgery is a warning sign","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://southside.scot.nhs.uk/surgery-abroad-without-nhs-referral","host":"southside.scot.nhs.uk","quote":"Many clinics abroad do not offer a consultation with your surgeon until the day of surgery.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"F2","text":"Being given too little time to think about the consultation before deciding is a warning sign","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://southside.scot.nhs.uk/surgery-abroad-without-nhs-referral","host":"southside.scot.nhs.uk","quote":"You should have time to think about what was said, and to decide what's right for you.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"F3","text":"An advert or information that guarantees complete success should raise concerns","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://travelaware.campaign.gov.uk/surgery-abroad-cut-out-the-risk/","host":"travelaware.campaign.gov.uk","quote":"Any advert or information that guarantees complete success should raise concerns.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}}],"checked_at":"2026-11-11","next_check_at":"2027-11-11","version":1},"warning_signs":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"W1","text":"Blood-soaked dressings or heavy bleeding","urgency":"contact_clinic","general":false,"source":{"url":"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/procedures/21572-vaginoplasty","host":"my.clevelandclinic.org","quote":"Blood-soaked dressings, which can be a sign of excessive bleeding.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"W2","text":"Difficulty or pain while urinating","urgency":"contact_clinic","general":false,"source":{"url":"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/procedures/21585-phalloplasty","host":"my.clevelandclinic.org","quote":"Difficulty or pain while peeing.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"W3","text":"Abnormal swelling in groin or lower leg","urgency":"contact_clinic","general":false,"source":{"url":"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/procedures/21572-vaginoplasty","host":"my.clevelandclinic.org","quote":"Signs of blood clots, such as abnormal swelling in your groin or lower leg.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"W4","text":"Discoloration or skin changes on the neophallus","urgency":"contact_clinic","general":false,"source":{"url":"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/procedures/21585-phalloplasty","host":"my.clevelandclinic.org","quote":"Discoloration or other skin changes in your neophallus.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"W5","text":"Fever or yellowish discharge from the incision","urgency":"contact_clinic","general":true,"source":{"url":"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/procedures/21572-vaginoplasty","host":"my.clevelandclinic.org","quote":"Infections, which can cause a fever or yellowish discharge from the incision.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}}],"checked_at":"2026-11-11","next_check_at":"2027-11-11","version":1},"take_home":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"T1","text":"Gives the home doctor treatment details and future care needs","document":"discharge letter for gp","source":{"url":"https://www.nhs.uk/nhs-services/hospitals/going-into-hospital/being-discharged-from-hospital","host":"nhs.uk","quote":"You'll also be given a letter for your GP, providing information about your treatment and future care needs.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"T2","text":"Ask for copies of all prescriptions before you leave","document":"prescription copies","source":{"url":"https://travelhealthpro.org.uk/news/699/travelling-abroad-for-treatment","host":"travelhealthpro.org.uk","quote":"Remember to ask for copies of all your treatment records, including prescriptions, scans and x-rays before you leave.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"T3","text":"Home doctor needs the dates for required blood tests and follow-up appointments","document":"written aftercare plan","source":{"url":"https://sbuhb.nhs.wales/about-us/individual-patient-commissioning/ipc-folder/advice-on-accessing-treatment-abroad","host":"sbuhb.nhs.wales","quote":"This should include any medication and doses, as well as any dates that blood tests and follow-up appointments must be carried out.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}}],"checked_at":"2026-11-11","next_check_at":"2027-11-11","version":1}},"parsed_details":{"procedure_type":"surgery","fields":{"anesthesia":["general"],"back_to_work_days":{"min":21,"max":56,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Desk work from about week 3; physical work needs 6-8 weeks or longer."},"complication_rate_pct":{"min":20,"max":40,"unit":"percent","qualifier":"Any early or late complication after penile inversion vaginoplasty; major complications such as rectal injury under 2%."},"contraindications":["Gender dysphoria unconfirmed by qualified assessment","Untreated severe psychiatric illness impairing consent or aftercare","Active smoking or nicotine use (relative; stop before surgery)","Uncontrolled diabetes, cardiovascular or serious illness unsafe for anesthesia","Very high or very low BMI (relative)","Active infection or skin disease at surgical or donor site","Unable to follow dilation or catheter aftercare"],"days_in_clinic":{"min":5,"max":7,"unit":"nights","qualifier":"Stay until packing and catheter care are stable; based on penile inversion vaginoplasty."},"diagnostic_duration_minutes":null,"diagnostic_preparation":null,"diagnostic_referral_needed":null,"diagnostic_result_time_hours":null,"exercise_resume_weeks":{"min":6,"max":12,"unit":"weeks","qualifier":"Walking early; strenuous exercise, cycling and pelvic strain after surgeon clearance and healing."},"final_result_months":{"min":6,"max":12,"unit":"months","qualifier":"Swelling settles and sensation and appearance mature; depends on healing and dilation adherence."},"fly_home_after_days":{"min":14,"max":21,"unit":"days","qualifier":"After catheter removal and first dilation review; clearance depends on wound healing and thrombosis risk."},"follow_up_visits":[{"purpose":"wound_check","after":{"min":5,"max":7,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Packing and catheter removal, first dilation teaching."},"requirement":"routine"},{"purpose":"wound_check","after":{"min":14,"max":21,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Check healing, granulation and dilation technique before travel."},"requirement":"routine"},{"purpose":"assessment","after":{"min":42,"max":90,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Depth, dilation progress and activity clearance, often remote."},"requirement":"routine"},{"purpose":"result_review","after":{"min":180,"max":365,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Final appearance, function and need for revision."},"requirement":"routine"}],"indications":["Persistent, well-documented gender dysphoria in adults","Gender incongruence causing distress despite hormone therapy"],"main_risks":["Bleeding, hematoma and infection","Wound dehiscence and delayed healing","Partial or total tissue/flap necrosis","Urethral stricture, fistula or urinary complications","Loss or reduced genital sensation, or sexual dysfunction","Neovaginal stenosis or prolapse; rectal injury (vaginoplasty)","Persistent pain, visible scarring","Need for revision surgery","Thromboembolism and anesthesia-related risks","Donor-site complications where grafts or flaps are used","Psychological distress or dissatisfaction"],"pain":"Moderate to significant pain in the first days to weeks, controlled with multimodal analgesia; intensity varies with the operation and donor sites.","preparation":["Mental health and endocrine assessment per local standards","Preoperative medical evaluation, blood tests and anesthesia assessment","Smoking and nicotine cessation","Surgeon-directed hair removal at donor or genital site","Fertility counselling and preservation discussion","Bowel preparation and fasting as instructed","Arrange postoperative support and accommodation near the clinic"],"recovery_timeline":[{"phase":"Hospital stay (days 0-7)","description":"Bed rest with vaginal packing and urinary catheter. Pain controlled with multimodal analgesia.","restrictions":["Limited mobility","No sitting directly on the area"]},{"phase":"Early recovery (weeks 1-3)","description":"Packing and catheter removed; dilation begins. Stay near the clinic for wound checks.","restrictions":["No long travel","No lifting","Avoid prolonged sitting"]},{"phase":"Intermediate recovery (weeks 3-8)","description":"Swelling and discharge decrease; return to desk work. Dilation continues several times daily.","restrictions":["No strenuous exercise","No cycling","No sexual activity"]},{"phase":"Late recovery (months 2-12)","description":"Gradual return to full activity after clearance. Dilation frequency is reduced over time.","restrictions":["Follow surgeon's dilation schedule","Sexual activity only after clearance"]}],"rehabilitation_days":{"min":30,"max":45,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Ordinary daily function with dilation routine; depends on healing and pain."},"result_longevity":"Results are intended to be permanent, though revisions or additional procedures may be needed depending on technique and healing.","revision_rate_pct":{"min":5,"max":20,"unit":"percent","qualifier":"Secondary surgery, mostly minor cosmetic or functional revision such as labiaplasty, clitoral hood or stricture correction."},"scars":"Scars are unavoidable and vary by technique; they may be genital, perineal, abdominal, or at flap donor sites such as the forearm or thigh.","sessions_or_stages":{"sessions":{"min":1,"max":1,"unit":"visits","qualifier":"One surgical procedure; revisions are not routine."},"stages":[{"code":"single_stage_surgery","label":"Single-stage vaginoplasty under general anesthesia","after":{"min":0,"max":0,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Performed on day of surgery."}}],"qualifier":"Penile inversion vaginoplasty is usually done in one stage."},"success":{"metric":"Patient satisfaction with surgical result","value":93,"unit":"percent satisfied","horizon":"1-2 years after surgery","population":"Adults after penile inversion vaginoplasty for gender dysphoria","evidence_status":"limited"},"techniques":[{"name":"Vaginoplasty (penile inversion or intestinal segment)","suits_whom":"Transgender women seeking a neovagina","recovery":"Several weeks of restricted activity with dilation regimen; prolonged healing."},{"name":"Phalloplasty (e.g., radial forearm or anterolateral thigh flap)","suits_whom":"Transgender men seeking a neophallus, often staged","recovery":"Long recovery with donor-site care; often multiple stages over months."},{"name":"Metoidioplasty","suits_whom":"Transgender men on testosterone seeking a smaller phallus from enlarged clitoris","recovery":"Shorter recovery than phalloplasty; several weeks of restrictions."},{"name":"Vulvoplasty (without vaginal canal)","suits_whom":"Transgender women who do not want vaginal depth","recovery":"Shorter recovery than vaginoplasty, with no dilation requirement."}],"treatment_conditions":["inpatient"],"treatment_duration_hours":{"min":3,"max":6,"unit":"hours","qualifier":"Operating time for penile inversion vaginoplasty; varies with technique and surgeon."},"initial_assessment_documents":["Gender dysphoria diagnosis letters from mental health professionals","Hormone therapy start date and dosage record","Recent hormone and blood test results","Front and side body photos","Hair removal records at donor site, if any","Medical history and previous surgery reports"],"travel_trips":{"min":1,"max":4,"one_trip_possible":true,"qualifier":"One trip for vaginoplasty; phalloplasty often needs 2-4 trips."},"clinic_checks":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"C1","text":"Check that your surgeon explains what to expect after surgery and which symptoms signal potential problems","scope":"procedure","source":{"url":"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/procedures/21572-vaginoplasty","host":"my.clevelandclinic.org","quote":"Your surgeon will go over what you can expect after vaginoplasty, including what symptoms are signs of potential problems.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"C2","text":"Check which surgical method your surgeon uses, because risks and recovery depend on it","scope":"procedure","source":{"url":"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/procedures/21572-vaginoplasty","host":"my.clevelandclinic.org","quote":"The risks and recovery process depend on the method your surgeon uses.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"C3","text":"Interview as many surgeons as possible before choosing, in person or by video","scope":"procedure","source":{"url":"https://www.healthline.com/health/transgender/bottom-surgery","host":"healthline.com","quote":"When choosing a surgeon, pursue in-person or skype interviews with as many surgeons as possible.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"C4","text":"Check the qualifications of the medical team that will treat you","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://www.nhs.uk/using-the-nhs/healthcare-abroad/going-abroad-for-treatment/treatment-abroad-checklist/","host":"nhs.uk","quote":"Have you checked the qualifications of the medical team treating you?","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"C5","text":"Check whether follow-up care takes place at the same facility as the procedure","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://www.cdc.gov/Yellow-book/hcp/health-care-abroad/medical-tourism.html","host":"cdc.gov","quote":"Medical tourists should also know whether follow-up care is scheduled to occur at the same facility as the procedure.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":403}}],"checked_at":"2026-11-11","next_check_at":"2027-11-11","version":1},"red_flags":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"F1","text":"A clinic that offers no consultation with the operating surgeon until the day of surgery is a warning sign","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://southside.scot.nhs.uk/surgery-abroad-without-nhs-referral","host":"southside.scot.nhs.uk","quote":"Many clinics abroad do not offer a consultation with your surgeon until the day of surgery.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"F2","text":"Being given too little time to think about the consultation before deciding is a warning sign","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://southside.scot.nhs.uk/surgery-abroad-without-nhs-referral","host":"southside.scot.nhs.uk","quote":"You should have time to think about what was said, and to decide what's right for you.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"F3","text":"An advert or information that guarantees complete success should raise concerns","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://travelaware.campaign.gov.uk/surgery-abroad-cut-out-the-risk/","host":"travelaware.campaign.gov.uk","quote":"Any advert or information that guarantees complete success should raise concerns.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}}],"checked_at":"2026-11-11","next_check_at":"2027-11-11","version":1},"warning_signs":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"W1","text":"Blood-soaked dressings or heavy bleeding","urgency":"contact_clinic","general":false,"source":{"url":"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/procedures/21572-vaginoplasty","host":"my.clevelandclinic.org","quote":"Blood-soaked dressings, which can be a sign of excessive bleeding.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"W2","text":"Difficulty or pain while urinating","urgency":"contact_clinic","general":false,"source":{"url":"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/procedures/21585-phalloplasty","host":"my.clevelandclinic.org","quote":"Difficulty or pain while peeing.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"W3","text":"Abnormal swelling in groin or lower leg","urgency":"contact_clinic","general":false,"source":{"url":"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/procedures/21572-vaginoplasty","host":"my.clevelandclinic.org","quote":"Signs of blood clots, such as abnormal swelling in your groin or lower leg.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"W4","text":"Discoloration or skin changes on the neophallus","urgency":"contact_clinic","general":false,"source":{"url":"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/procedures/21585-phalloplasty","host":"my.clevelandclinic.org","quote":"Discoloration or other skin changes in your neophallus.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"W5","text":"Fever or yellowish discharge from the incision","urgency":"contact_clinic","general":true,"source":{"url":"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/procedures/21572-vaginoplasty","host":"my.clevelandclinic.org","quote":"Infections, which can cause a fever or yellowish discharge from the incision.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}}],"checked_at":"2026-11-11","next_check_at":"2027-11-11","version":1},"take_home":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"T1","text":"Gives the home doctor treatment details and future care needs","document":"discharge letter for gp","source":{"url":"https://www.nhs.uk/nhs-services/hospitals/going-into-hospital/being-discharged-from-hospital","host":"nhs.uk","quote":"You'll also be given a letter for your GP, providing information about your treatment and future care needs.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"T2","text":"Ask for copies of all prescriptions before you leave","document":"prescription copies","source":{"url":"https://travelhealthpro.org.uk/news/699/travelling-abroad-for-treatment","host":"travelhealthpro.org.uk","quote":"Remember to ask for copies of all your treatment records, including prescriptions, scans and x-rays before you leave.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"T3","text":"Home doctor needs the dates for required blood tests and follow-up appointments","document":"written aftercare plan","source":{"url":"https://sbuhb.nhs.wales/about-us/individual-patient-commissioning/ipc-folder/advice-on-accessing-treatment-abroad","host":"sbuhb.nhs.wales","quote":"This should include any medication and doses, as well as any dates that blood tests and follow-up appointments must be carried out.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}}],"checked_at":"2026-11-11","next_check_at":"2027-11-11","version":1},"alternatives":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"A1","text":"Support and advice from the clinic feel enough for you","name":"Gender clinic support and advice","source":{"url":"https://111.wales.nhs.uk/genderdysphoria/","host":"111.wales.nhs.uk","quote":"For some people, support and advice from the clinic are all they need to feel comfortable with their gender identity.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200},"operation_id":null}],"checked_at":"2026-11-11","next_check_at":"2027-11-11","version":1},"technique_details":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"vaginoplasty","name":"Vaginoplasty (penile inversion or intestinal segment)","how_it_works":{"text":"The penis is removed and an artificial vagina is constructed","source":{"url":"https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/gender-dysphoria/","host":"nhs.uk","quote":"removing the penis and construction of an artificial vagina","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},"recovery_daily":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_official_source"}},{"id":"phalloplasty","name":"Phalloplasty (e.g., radial forearm or anterolateral thigh flap)","how_it_works":{"text":"A rolled skin flap forms the penile shaft","source":{"url":"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/procedures/21585-phalloplasty","host":"my.clevelandclinic.org","quote":"They’ll roll the flap to form a shaft and attach it to your groin.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},"recovery_daily":{"event":"back_to_daily_activities","min":6,"max":6,"unit":"weeks","label":"6 weeks","source":{"url":"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/21585-phalloplasty","host":"my.clevelandclinic.org","quote":"Many people don't resume their usual activities until at least six weeks after surgery.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-12","http_status":200}}},{"id":"metoidioplasty","name":"Metoidioplasty","how_it_works":{"text":"Existing genital tissue forms a small penis","source":{"url":"https://www.chelwest.nhs.uk/your-visit/patient-leaflets/ccgs/metoidioplasty-patient-information","host":"chelwest.nhs.uk","quote":"Metoidioplasty is a surgical procedure which creates a neo-phallus (small penis) from existing genital tissue.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},"recovery_daily":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_official_source"}},{"id":"vulvoplasty","name":"Vulvoplasty (without vaginal canal)","how_it_works":{"text":"Creates the outer genitals, called the vulva","source":{"url":"https://www.ohsu.edu/transgender-health/vaginoplasty-and-vulvoplasty","host":"ohsu.edu","quote":"Vulvoplasty creates a vulva — the outer genitals.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},"recovery_daily":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_official_source"}}],"checked_at":"2026-11-11","next_check_at":"2027-11-11","version":1}}},"techniques":[{"id":"vaginoplasty","name":"Vaginoplasty (penile inversion or intestinal segment)","how_it_works":{"id":"H1","text":"The penis is removed and an artificial vagina is constructed","source":{"url":"https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/gender-dysphoria/","host":"nhs.uk","quote":"removing the penis and construction of an artificial vagina","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},"recovery_daily":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_official_source"},"suits_whom":"Transgender women seeking a neovagina","price_from":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"recovery":"Several weeks of restricted activity with dilation regimen; prolonged healing."},{"id":"phalloplasty","name":"Phalloplasty (e.g., radial forearm or anterolateral thigh flap)","how_it_works":{"id":"H1","text":"A rolled skin flap forms the penile shaft","source":{"url":"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/procedures/21585-phalloplasty","host":"my.clevelandclinic.org","quote":"They’ll roll the flap to form a shaft and attach it to your groin.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},"recovery_daily":{"event":"back_to_daily_activities","min":6,"max":6,"unit":"weeks","label":"6 weeks","source":{"url":"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/21585-phalloplasty","host":"my.clevelandclinic.org","quote":"Many people don't resume their usual activities until at least six weeks after surgery.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-12","http_status":200}},"suits_whom":"Transgender men seeking a neophallus, often staged","price_from":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"recovery":"Long recovery with donor-site care; often multiple stages over months."},{"id":"metoidioplasty","name":"Metoidioplasty","how_it_works":{"id":"H1","text":"Existing genital tissue forms a small penis","source":{"url":"https://www.chelwest.nhs.uk/your-visit/patient-leaflets/ccgs/metoidioplasty-patient-information","host":"chelwest.nhs.uk","quote":"Metoidioplasty is a surgical procedure which creates a neo-phallus (small penis) from existing genital tissue.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},"recovery_daily":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_official_source"},"suits_whom":"Transgender men on testosterone seeking a smaller phallus from enlarged clitoris","price_from":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"recovery":"Shorter recovery than phalloplasty; several weeks of restrictions."},{"id":"vulvoplasty","name":"Vulvoplasty (without vaginal canal)","how_it_works":{"id":"H1","text":"Creates the outer genitals, called the vulva","source":{"url":"https://www.ohsu.edu/transgender-health/vaginoplasty-and-vulvoplasty","host":"ohsu.edu","quote":"Vulvoplasty creates a vulva — the outer genitals.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},"recovery_daily":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_official_source"},"suits_whom":"Transgender women who do not want vaginal depth","price_from":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"recovery":"Shorter recovery than vaginoplasty, with no dilation requirement."}],"alternatives":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"A1","text":"Support and advice from the clinic feel enough for you","name":"Gender clinic support and advice","source":{"url":"https://111.wales.nhs.uk/genderdysphoria/","host":"111.wales.nhs.uk","quote":"For some people, support and advice from the clinic are all they need to feel comfortable with their gender identity.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200},"operation_id":null}],"checked_at":"2026-11-11","next_check_at":"2027-11-11","version":1},"diagnostic":{"status":"not_applicable"},"country":{"why":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_official_source","checked_at":"2026-11-11","next_check_at":"2027-02-09"},"travel":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"V1","item":"emergency_number","audience":"all","volatile":false,"text":"Dial 999 for an ambulance in the United Kingdom","source":{"url":"https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/international-travel/International-Travel-Country-Information-Pages/UnitedKingdom.html","host":"travel.state.gov","quote":"For ambulance services Dial 999 .","tier":"official_travel","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":403}}],"checked_at":"2026-11-11","next_check_at":"2027-05-10","version":1},"other_countries_with_page":["albania","azerbaijan","brazil","china","colombia","cyprus","dominican-republic","egypt","germany","india","israel","italy","mexico","poland","portugal","republic-of-korea","spain","switzerland","thailand","turkey","ukraine","united-states"]},"often_combined_with":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"reviews":{"avg_rating":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"count":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"scope":"clinic","rating_scale":5,"pros":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"cons":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"}},"current":{"seo_text":"

Sex reassignment surgery in the United Kingdom typically costs from _op_929_price_from_ to _op_929_price_to_. The total price depends on the specific surgical path, anatomical requirements, and clinic location. In the US, similar procedures cost around _price_compare_US_average_ on average. The UK offers savings of around _price_percent_discount_%. Costs generally cover the surgical suite, anesthesia, and initial post-operative nursing care.

\n\n\n\n

Bookimed Expert Insight: Choosing specialized regional centers can lead to more personalized surgical planning. Liverpool Breast Clinic offers bespoke consultations where patients speak directly with the surgeon. This ensures the care plan aligns perfectly with individual transition goals. While London remains a primary hub, regional cities often provide highly tailored experiences. This direct access can streamline the pre-surgical assessment process significantly.

","faq":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"h2":[{"text":"How Much Does Sex reassignment surgery Cost in United Kingdom?","kind":"content"},{"text":"Your Benefits and Guarantees with Bookimed","kind":"content"},{"text":"Your personal Bookimed medical coordinator","kind":"content"},{"text":"Discover the Best Sex reassignment surgery Clinics in United Kingdom: 2 Verified Options and Prices","kind":"content"},{"text":"Sex reassignment surgery Overview in United Kingdom","kind":"content"},{"text":"Video Stories from Bookimed Patients","kind":"ui"},{"text":"Related Articles","kind":"ui"},{"text":"Share this content","kind":"ui"},{"text":"Our Sex reassignment surgery Techniques: What Suits You Best?","kind":"content"},{"text":"Get a free consultation","kind":"ui"}]},"placeholders":{"price_from":"{{price_from}}","clinics_count":"{{clinics_count}}","cities_count":"{{cities_count}}","savings_pct":"{{savings_pct}}","data_date":"{{data_date}}"},"legal":{"restricted_markets":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"}},"conflicts":[]}