The clinic offers the Extended Clitoral-U Suspension and Unhooding technique. Its surgeon published this approach for labiaplasty with clitoral unhooding. Surgery takes place under general anesthesia in one of two on-site AAAHC-accredited operating rooms. Options include labial reduction, enhancement, and revision. Monsplasty and vaginoplasty can also be combined with treatment. The outpatient practice offers in-person consultations, plus virtual consultations via FaceTime or Skype for international patients.
","text_type":"mt_wow_description","best_texts":{"techniques":"Extended Clitoral-U Suspension and Unhooding, excision technique, labia augmentation, liposuction","why_its_ranked":"Surgeons developed the published Extended Clitoral-U Suspension and Unhooding technique, plus labial revision and combined monsplasty or vaginoplasty. AAAHC-accredited with two on-site operating rooms."},"reviews":[],"clinic":{"id":9627,"alias":"davinci-plastic-surgery","name":"Davinci Plastic Surgery","short_description":"Davinci Plastic Surgery is a specialized practice in Washington, D.C. The clinic focuses on aesthetic and reconstructive plastic surgery. Key areas include facial rejuvenation, breast reconstruction, and body contouring. The office surgical suite has 10 exam rooms and two operating rooms. Both operating rooms hold AAAHC accreditation for outpatient safety.
Dr. Steven Davison and Dr. Ximena Pinell lead the medical team. Dr. Davison is triple board-certified in plastic and facial surgery. He has authored over 100 clinical papers. Dr. Pinell is double board-certified and trained at Emory University. The team uses Vectra 3D imaging for surgical planning. They also apply the Keller Funnel no-touch technique for breast safety.
The practice treats a diverse group of international patients. Virtual consultations are available via FaceTime and Skype. The surgeons perform complex revisions for rhinoplasty and breast procedures. Non-surgical options include BOTOX and the full range of Juvéderm fillers. Most surgical patients return to work within one week.
","images":[{"base_url":"clinic/6ae2f5778654e","title":"Modern operating room at Davinci Plastic Surgery with surgical lights and equipment"},{"base_url":"clinic/6ae2f57918478","title":"Patient recovery room with two hospital beds at Davinci Plastic Surgery clinic"},{"base_url":"clinic/6ae2f57aa7990","title":"Modern operating room at Davinci Plastic Surgery with surgical lights and equipment"},{"base_url":"clinic/6ae2f57c500af","title":"Consultation room with exam chair at Davinci Plastic Surgery clinic"}],"flags":[{"name":"is_hide","value":false},{"name":"is_created_by_parser","value":true}],"geo":{"country":{"name":"United States of America","id":44,"alias":"united-states","iso_code":"US"},"city":{"name":"Washington","id":1715,"alias":"washington"},"address":"3050 K St. NW Suite 170, Washington D.C., DC 20007, United States"},"rating":{"rating":0,"google":4.8,"percent_of_satisfied_clients":0},"statistics":{"number_of_reviews":0,"doctors_number":2},"accreditations":[]}},{"text":"Center for Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery is a clinic in Detroit, United States. The clinic focuses on plastic and reconstructive surgery.
","text_type":"short_description","procedure_prices":[{"prices":{"price_from":3000,"price_to":6000,"currency":"USD","id":38734},"operation":{"id":937,"name":"Labiaplasty","alias":"labiaplasty"}}],"reviews":[],"clinic":{"id":1819,"alias":"center-for-plastic-and-reconstructive-surgery","name":"Center for Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery","short_description":"Center for Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery is a clinic in Detroit, United States. The clinic focuses on plastic and reconstructive surgery.
","images":[{"base_url":"clinic/67f8d83b66962","title":"Waiting room at Center for Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery with modern decor"}],"flags":[{"name":"is_hide","value":false},{"name":"has_active_agencies","value":false}],"geo":{"country":{"name":"United States of America","id":44,"alias":"united-states","iso_code":"US"},"city":{"name":"Detroit","id":1718,"alias":"detroit"},"address":"5333 McAuley Dr, Ypsilanti, MI 48197"},"rating":{"rating":0,"google":4.9,"percent_of_satisfied_clients":0},"statistics":{"number_of_reviews":0,"doctors_number":0,"year_foundation":0},"accreditations":[]}},{"text":"Dr. Otto Placik's Chicago clinic specializes in feminine rejuvenation with Labiaplasty procedures costing around $1,900–$2,400. The double board-certified plastic surgeon provides personalized care for safe and artistic enhancements.
","text_type":"mt_wow_description","reviews":[],"clinic":{"id":4021,"alias":"dr-otto-placik","name":"Dr Otto Placik ","short_description":"Dr Otto Placik is a double board-certified plastic surgeon in Chicago, Illinois. The clinic specializes in feminine rejuvenation, rhinoplasty, and liposuction. A RealSelf Top Doctor and recipient of the Compassionate Doctor Award.
The Liposuction & Cosmetic Surgery Institute offers labiaplasty procedures, which may cost around $1,900–$2,400. The clinic specializes in a range of cosmetic surgeries with experienced plastic surgeons.
","text_type":"mt_wow_description","reviews":[],"clinic":{"id":4028,"alias":"liposuction-cosmetic-surgery-institute","name":"Liposuction & Cosmetic Surgery Institute","short_description":"Liposuction & Cosmetic Surgery Institute is a Chicago clinic founded by a surgeon with an artist's eye. It focuses on liposuction, cosmetic surgery, and non-surgical anti-aging. The clinic provides both surgical procedures and customized skincare.
Brooklyn Abortion Clinic is a gynecological center in Brooklyn, New York. It focuses on pregnancy termination and reproductive healthcare. The center opened in 1982 as a state-approved ambulatory surgery facility. Physicians here are board-certified in women's health. The team offers surgical and medication-based options. Same-day procedures, diagnostic gynecology, and outpatient surgeries are all available.
The facility holds the Joint Commission's Gold Seal of Approval for ambulatory surgery. It is also ACR Gold Seal Accredited for ultrasound imaging, with 3D technology for diagnostic accuracy. Staff support patients in seven languages, including Spanish, Russian, Ukrainian, and French. Eligible patients traveling within Brooklyn can get free transportation.
","text_type":"short_description","agency_settings":[{"setting_name":"is_new","setting_value":"0"},{"setting_name":"kids_only","setting_value":"0"}],"reviews":[],"clinic":{"id":6367,"alias":"brooklyn-abortion-clinic","name":"Brooklyn Abortion Clinic","short_description":"Brooklyn Abortion Clinic is a gynecological center in Brooklyn, New York. It focuses on pregnancy termination and reproductive healthcare. The center opened in 1982 as a state-approved ambulatory surgery facility. Physicians here are board-certified in women's health. The team offers surgical and medication-based options. Same-day procedures, diagnostic gynecology, and outpatient surgeries are all available.
The facility holds the Joint Commission's Gold Seal of Approval for ambulatory surgery. It is also ACR Gold Seal Accredited for ultrasound imaging, with 3D technology for diagnostic accuracy. Staff support patients in seven languages, including Spanish, Russian, Ukrainian, and French. Eligible patients traveling within Brooklyn can get free transportation.
","images":[{"base_url":"clinic/6a6e58220e3eb","title":"Reception and waiting area at Brooklyn Abortion Clinic, modern medical facility in New York"},{"base_url":"clinic/6a6e5823bca55","title":"Reception and waiting area at Brooklyn Abortion Clinic, modern seating and bright lighting"},{"base_url":"clinic/6a6e582572e76","title":"Waiting room at Brooklyn Abortion Clinic with modern seating and reception desk"},{"base_url":"clinic/6a6e582743850","title":"Waiting room at Brooklyn Abortion Clinic with modern seating and reception desk"}],"flags":[{"name":"has_active_agencies","value":false},{"name":"is_hide","value":false}],"geo":{"country":{"name":"United States of America","id":44,"alias":"united-states","iso_code":"US"},"city":{"name":"New York","id":105,"alias":"new-york"},"address":"14 Dekalb Ave 4th Floor, Brooklyn, NY 11201"},"rating":{"rating":0,"google":4.2,"percent_of_satisfied_clients":0},"statistics":{"number_of_reviews":0,"doctors_number":1,"year_foundation":1982},"accreditations":[],"agency_settings":[{"setting_name":"is_new","setting_value":"0"},{"setting_name":"kids_only","setting_value":"0"}]}}],"meta":{"total_count":5,"total_pages":1}},"clinicsMeta":{"total_count":5,"total_pages":1},"clinicsCount":5,"clinicsCountByEntity":{"clinic_count":344},"doctors":{"doctors":[],"meta":{"total_count":0,"total_pages":1}},"offers":{"cards":[{"image_count":0,"images":[],"offer":{"id":"6422e879d24b7f6ce300b4d2","name":"Labiaplasty by EBOPRAS-Certified Surgeon — 4 Hotel Nights & VIP Transfer","type":"procedure","tags":[],"for_who":"Laser-assisted labiaplasty by an ISAPS-certified surgeon allows for precise sculpting and faster healing. The procedure is performed by Dr. Leyla Arvas, a certified VASER trainer with over 25 years of experience, at Quartz Hospital in Istanbul’s premium Nişantaşı district. For approximately _offer_price_, the all-inclusive package covers pre-operative blood tests, formal consultation, 1-night hospital admission, and a 3-night 4-star hotel stay with daily breakfast and VIP transfers. The clinic, with a volume of 6,500 patients annually, is ISAPS-certified.
","clinic_entity_text":"Dr. Leyla Arvas performs labiaplasty using fat grafting techniques to improve both function and aesthetics. She brings international expertise to the clinic, having trained at Tokyo Women’s Medical University and Chang Gung Memorial Hospital. Dr. Arvas is a member of major global societies like ISAPS and ASPS. Surgeries take place at JCI-accredited facilities, including Acıbadem or Memorial Hospitals. This partnership ensures the highest international safety standards for every procedure. The clinic has focused on aesthetic treatments since 2015.
","package_price":3000,"actual_price":3000,"calculated_price":{"from":0,"to":0},"currency":{"code":"USD","symbol":"$","name":"Доллар","rate":1},"doctors":[{"id":11173,"name":"Aysel Pasazade","alias":"aysel-pasazade","photo":"doctor/694f84d585c81","first_year_working":2016,"short_description":"Dr. Aysel Pasazade is a plastic and reconstructive surgeon at Quartz Hospital in Istanbul. She holds the prestigious EBOPRAS certification. This credential confirms her competence meets high European standards. Dr. Pasazade specializes in complex body and facial transformations.
Quartz Hospital is a private multi-specialty medical center located in Istanbul, Turkey. The team specializes in urology, dental treatment, plastic surgery, and weight loss surgery. The hospital serves adult patients only. Each year, around 6,500 patients choose Quartz Hospital for medical care. The clinic is most frequently visited by patients from Europe, the Commonwealth, the USA, Canada, Australia, and CIS countries.
\n","images":[{"base_url":"clinic/6220aed6eb750","title":"Modern hallway at Quartz Hospital with sculpture and informational stand"}],"flags":[{"name":"is_hide","value":false},{"name":"has_active_agencies","value":true}],"geo":{"country":{"name":"Turkey","id":46,"alias":"turkey","iso_code":"TR"},"city":{"name":"Istanbul","id":107,"alias":"istanbul"},"address":"Teşvikiye, Abdi İpekçi Cd. No:19, 34367 Şişli/İstanbul, Турция"},"rating":{"rating":4.7,"google":4.7,"percent_of_satisfied_clients":89},"statistics":{"number_of_reviews":165},"accreditations":[{"logo":"https://s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/bookimed/accreditations/61779fac22b09.jpeg","name":"Given to the doctor International Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery (ISAPS) Сertificate ","country_code":"US"}]}}},{"image_count":0,"images":[],"offer":{"id":"68b1a2fcd727606a1f0dbfe5","name":"Labiaplasty by ESAG-Certified Surgeon — 5★ Hotel & 24-Hour Nurse Care","type":"procedure","tags":[],"for_who":"Dr. Gulcan Albayrak applies her international training, including from London's Harris Birthright Fetal Medicine Research Center. The all-inclusive package at Atlas University Hospital costs around _offer_price_, covering the two-day hospital stay, 5-star hotel accommodation, VIP transfers, and three meals planned by a nutritionist. The hospital treats over 565,000 patients annually and serves individuals from 160 countries, supported by 24-hour nursing care and language assistance.
","clinic_entity_text":"Dr. Onur Buyukkoc brings nearly _doctor_8356_years_ of surgical experience, having successfully performed hundreds of labiaplasty procedures with meticulous attention to patient goals and postoperative follow-up. The clinic offers labiaplasty procedures that may cost around $1,900–$2,400, with personalized care provided by a dedicated team at Atlas University Hospital.
Atlas University Hospital treats 565,000 patients each year. Success rates reach 99% for hip and knee replacements. It has 25 years of experience in neurosurgery, orthopedics, dental, and plastic surgery.
JCI-accredited Central Hospital offers plastic surgery and medical aesthetics under one roof. Its operating theatres include high-resolution endoscopic equipment and 3D body scanning systems. Postoperative care is also available at the hospital. The private multispecialty medical center has operated since 1994, bringing these services together in one facility.
","package_price":5000,"actual_price":3750,"calculated_price":{"from":0,"to":0},"special_price":{"expires":"2026-12-30T21:00:00.000+00:00","price_usd":3750},"currency":{"code":"USD","symbol":"$","name":"Доллар","rate":1},"doctors":[{"id":11654,"name":"Nazli Korkmaz","alias":"nazli-korkmaz-11654","photo":"doctor/6ae58d52e3aac","first_year_working":2016,"short_description":"Dr. Nazlı Korkmaz is an Associate Professor specializing in obstetrics, gynecology, and IVF at Central Hospital. She focuses on reproductive medicine and minimally invasive surgery. Dr. Korkmaz contributes to national and international scientific publications on women's health. She treats patients at a private medical center that serves 138,000 people annually.
Central Hospital is a private multi-specialty medical center in Istanbul, treating about 138,000 patients annually since 1994. Its main specialties are neurosurgery, orthopedics, and spinal surgery for both adults and children. The hospital network draws patients from CIS countries, Europe, and the Balkans.
The procedure reshapes or reduces the size of the labia for comfort or aesthetics, offering improved self-esteem and physical relief.
"},"955":{"operation":{"name":"Labia Reduction","alias":"labia-reduction","use_for_listing":true},"country_price":{"US":{"amount":4500,"max_amount":8500,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":0,"price_kind":"estimate","price_source":"parsed","scope":"country"},"TR":{"amount":1000,"max_amount":1700,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":11,"price_kind":"from_range","price_source":"tariff","scope":"country"},"MX":{"amount":1800,"max_amount":3400,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":0,"price_kind":"estimate","price_source":"parsed","scope":"country"},"TH":{"amount":1000,"max_amount":1700,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":5,"price_kind":"from_range","price_source":"tariff","scope":"country"}},"available_clinics":{"US":false,"TR":true,"MX":false,"TH":true},"description":"This surgery reduces vaginal lips, improving their appearance through a quick, minimally invasive process.
"},"1275":{"operation":{"name":"Scarless labiaplasty","alias":"scarless-labiaplasty","use_for_listing":true},"country_price":{"US":{"amount":3500,"max_amount":9000,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":1,"price_kind":"from_range","price_source":"tariff","scope":"country"},"TR":{"amount":2000,"max_amount":4500,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":1,"price_kind":"from_range","price_source":"tariff","scope":"country"},"MX":{"amount":2000,"max_amount":3600,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":0,"price_kind":"estimate","price_source":"parsed","scope":"country"},"TH":{"amount":1500,"max_amount":2400,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":0,"price_kind":"estimate","price_source":"parsed","scope":"country"}},"available_clinics":{"US":true,"TR":true,"MX":false,"TH":false},"description":"The procedure modifies female genitalia without leaving visible scars, using advanced techniques for improved comfort and aesthetics.
"},"1276":{"operation":{"name":"Non-surgical labiaplasty","alias":"non-surgical-labiaplasty","use_for_listing":true},"country_price":{"US":{"amount":1500,"max_amount":4500,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":1,"price_kind":"from_range","price_source":"tariff","scope":"country"},"TR":{"amount":900,"max_amount":1700,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":1,"price_kind":"from_range","price_source":"tariff","scope":"country"},"MX":{"amount":450,"max_amount":1100,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":0,"price_kind":"estimate","price_source":"parsed","scope":"country"},"TH":{"amount":1100,"max_amount":2400,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":0,"price_kind":"estimate","price_source":"parsed","scope":"country"}},"available_clinics":{"US":true,"TR":true,"MX":false,"TH":false},"description":"The procedure reshapes female genital lips without surgery, using fillers for natural look and enhanced comfort.
"},"1560":{"operation":{"name":"Labia Majora Augmentation With Hyaluronic Acid Filler","alias":"labia-majora-augmentation-with-hyaluronic-acid-filler","use_for_listing":true},"country_price":{"US":{"amount":1500,"max_amount":3000,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":0,"price_kind":"estimate","price_source":"parsed","scope":"country"},"TR":{"amount":560,"max_amount":800,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":1,"price_kind":"from_range","price_source":"tariff","scope":"country"},"MX":{"amount":400,"max_amount":1200,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":1,"price_kind":"from_range","price_source":"tariff","scope":"country"},"TH":{"amount":1000,"max_amount":1500,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":1,"price_kind":"from_range","price_source":"tariff","scope":"country"}},"available_clinics":{"US":false,"TR":true,"MX":true,"TH":true}},"1562":{"operation":{"name":"Labia Augmentation With Fat Transfer","alias":"labia-augmentation-with-fat-transfer","use_for_listing":true},"country_price":{"US":{"amount":4500,"max_amount":8000,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":0,"price_kind":"estimate","price_source":"parsed","scope":"country"},"TR":{"amount":1800,"max_amount":2700,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":1,"price_kind":"from_range","price_source":"tariff","scope":"country"},"MX":{"amount":2300,"max_amount":4200,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":0,"price_kind":"estimate","price_source":"parsed","scope":"country"},"TH":{"amount":2400,"max_amount":3200,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":1,"price_kind":"from_range","price_source":"tariff","scope":"country"}},"available_clinics":{"US":false,"TR":true,"MX":false,"TH":true}}}},"operationIndicators":{"details":{"anesthesia":"local","days_in_clinic":1,"days_in_country":5,"rehabilitation_days":7,"satisfied_percent":78,"treatment_duration_hours":2},"illness_kind_details":{"requests_processed":110449}},"responsibleDoctor":{"id":6785,"alias":"esra-cabuk-comert","name":"Esra Cabuk Comert","photo":"doctor/6564e3b672960","advisory_text":"Dr. Esra Cabuk Comert is an Obstetrician and Gynecologist. She specializes in IVF, vaginal aesthetics, and laparoscopic surgeries, with over 20,000 cases handled. Dr. Comert is certified in Genital Aesthetic Surgery by the European Association of Aesthetic Medicine and Surgery. She also holds certifications in Gynecological Laparoscopy and Hysteroscopy, both approved by the Ministry of Health of Turkey.","linkedin":"https://www.linkedin.com/in/dr-esra-%C3%A7abuk-c%C3%B6mert-a12a08205/?originalSubdomain=tr","specialities":[{"id":"frt.002","name":"Fertility specialist","illness_kind_id":68},{"id":"oag.001","name":"Obstetrician-gynecologist","illness_kind_id":35},{"id":"oag.002","name":"Gynecologist","illness_kind_id":35}]},"direction":{"id":38,"name":"Plastic Surgery","alias":"plastic-surgery"},"illness_kind":{"id":38,"name":{"en":"Plastic Surgery"}},"parsed_details":{"procedure_type":"surgery","fields":{"anesthesia":["local"],"back_to_work_days":{"min":3,"max":7,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Desk-based work after uncomplicated labia minora reduction; physically demanding work may need longer."},"complication_rate_pct":{"min":2,"max":8,"unit":"percent","qualifier":"Early complications (dehiscence, hematoma, infection) needing resuturing, drainage or antibiotics within 3 months of standalone primary labia minora reduction."},"contraindications":["Pregnancy","Active genital infection or skin disease (e.g., herpes)","Uncontrolled systemic disease or bleeding disorder","Unrealistic expectations or untreated body dysmorphic disorder","Smoking or poor wound-healing risk (relative)","Incomplete pubertal development (relative)"],"days_in_clinic":{"min":0,"max":0,"unit":"nights","qualifier":"Standard outpatient labia minora reduction under local anesthesia, same-day discharge."},"diagnostic_duration_minutes":null,"diagnostic_preparation":null,"diagnostic_referral_needed":null,"diagnostic_result_time_hours":null,"exercise_resume_weeks":{"min":4,"max":6,"unit":"weeks","qualifier":"Vigorous exercise, cycling or friction activity after wound healing and surgeon clearance. Gentle walking resumes earlier."},"final_result_months":{"min":3,"max":6,"unit":"months","qualifier":"After swelling fully resolves and scars mature."},"fly_home_after_days":{"min":5,"max":7,"unit":"days","qualifier":"After wound check and surgeon clearance; long-haul flights may need the upper end."},"follow_up_visits":[{"purpose":"wound_check","requirement":"routine","after":{"min":5,"max":7,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Early healing check before flight home, counted from surgery."}},{"purpose":"result_review","requirement":"routine","after":{"min":42,"max":90,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Assessment of healing and result, counted from surgery; can be remote."}}],"indications":["Enlarged or asymmetric labia minora causing physical discomfort","Irritation, chafing or hygiene difficulty","Discomfort during exercise or intercourse"],"main_risks":["Bleeding or hematoma","Infection","Wound dehiscence","Asymmetry or unsatisfactory appearance","Over-resection","Scarring or painful scars","Altered sensation or dyspareunia","Prolonged swelling","Need for revision"],"pain":"Mild to moderate discomfort and swelling for the first several days, managed with oral analgesics and cold packs; gradually settles over 1-2 weeks.","preparation":["Consultation with examination and discussion of expectations","Review of medical history and medications with the surgeon","Pre-operative tests as clinically indicated","Smoking avoidance before and after surgery","Schedule outside menstruation","Prepare sanitary pads and loose clothing","Arrange transport home"],"recovery_timeline":[{"phase":"First week","description":"Swelling, bruising and tenderness; sutures are usually dissolvable; hygiene care and cold packs. Gentle walking as tolerated.","restrictions":["No tight clothing","No sexual activity","No exercise","Avoid prolonged sitting and cycling"]},{"phase":"Weeks 2-4","description":"Swelling and discomfort decrease; most daily activities resume.","restrictions":["No tampons or intercourse until cleared","Avoid friction activity"]},{"phase":"Weeks 4-6","description":"Healing largely complete; return to exercise and intimacy once cleared by surgeon.","restrictions":["Gradual return to vigorous activity"]},{"phase":"Months 3-6","description":"Residual swelling resolves and scars mature to final result.","restrictions":[]},{"phase":"At any time","description":"Seek urgent assessment for heavy or expanding bleeding/swelling, severe or worsening pain, fever, spreading redness or discharge, wound opening, or urinary retention/difficulty.","restrictions":[]}],"rehabilitation_days":{"min":7,"max":14,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Ordinary functional recovery for daily activities after uncomplicated labiaplasty; no formal rehabilitation program."},"result_longevity":"Generally long-lasting, as removed tissue does not regrow; aging, hormonal changes or childbirth may alter appearance.","revision_rate_pct":{"min":2,"max":6,"unit":"percent","qualifier":"Unplanned corrective surgery (asymmetry, dehiscence, residual excess, over-resection) within 1-2 years of standalone primary labia minora reduction."},"scars":"Scars lie along the labial edge; they fade over months but may remain visible or painful.","sessions_or_stages":{"sessions":{"min":1,"max":1,"unit":"visits","qualifier":"Single surgical session; follow-up checks are not counted."},"stages":[{"code":"surgery","label":"Labia minora reduction surgery","after":{"min":0,"max":0,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Performed on day of procedure."}}],"qualifier":"Typical single-stage procedure."},"success":{"metric":"Patient-reported satisfaction with appearance and function","value":90,"unit":"percent of patients satisfied","horizon":"About 6-12 months after surgery","population":"Adult women after standalone primary labia minora edge resection.","evidence_status":"limited"},"techniques":[{"name":"Edge (trim) resection","suits_whom":"Patients with excess labial edge tissue who accept an edge scar and removal of pigmented edge.","recovery":"Healing over about 4-6 weeks; sutures usually dissolve; scar lies along the labial edge."},{"name":"Wedge resection","suits_whom":"Patients with thick or protruding labia needing a preserved natural edge.","recovery":"Central wedge-line scar; healing timeline broadly similar to edge resection."},{"name":"De-epithelialization/Z-plasty variants","suits_whom":"Selected patients wanting to preserve edge and texture.","recovery":"Healing course depends on the chosen variant; scar placement varies by technique."}],"treatment_conditions":["outpatient"],"treatment_duration_hours":{"min":1,"max":2,"unit":"hours","qualifier":"Bilateral labia minora reduction alone, operating time."},"initial_assessment_documents":["Front photos of the vulva, standing","Close-up photos of the labia, relaxed and spread","Side photos showing labial protrusion","List of blood thinners","Recent gynecological exam report (if available)"],"travel_trips":{"min":1,"max":1,"one_trip_possible":true,"qualifier":"Single outpatient surgery; stay 5-7 days until wound check and clearance. Later follow-ups can be remote."},"clinic_checks":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"C1","text":"Check the surgeon explains how likely the risks and complications are, and how they would be treated","scope":"procedure","source":{"url":"https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/cosmetic-treatments/labiaplasty/","host":"nhs.uk","quote":"Your surgeon should explain how likely these risks and complications are, and how they would be treated if you have them.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"C2","text":"Check you can meet the surgeon before the procedure","scope":"procedure","source":{"url":"https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/cosmetic-treatments/labiaplasty/","host":"nhs.uk","quote":"Always book an appointment to meet the surgeon before the procedure.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"C3","text":"Check whether follow-up care is scheduled at the same facility as the procedure","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://www.cdc.gov/yellow-book/hcp/health-care-abroad/medical-tourism.html","host":"cdc.gov","quote":"Medical tourists should also know whether follow-up care is scheduled to occur at the same facility as the procedure.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":403}},{"id":"C4","text":"Check the surgeon can communicate with you in a language you speak well","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://rcseng.ac.uk/patient-care/cosmetic-surgery/having-surgery-abroad/","host":"rcseng.ac.uk","quote":"Make sure your surgeon speaks English or another language you speak well enough.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"C5","text":"Ask how many labiaplasty surgeries the surgeon has performed","scope":"procedure","source":{"url":"https://www.theaestheticsociety.org/procedures/genital/labiaplasty/selecting-surgeon","host":"theaestheticsociety.org","quote":"How many labiaplasty surgeries have you performed?","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"C6","text":"Ask what options exist if the labiaplasty outcome does not meet the agreed goals","scope":"procedure","source":{"url":"https://www.theaestheticsociety.org/procedures/genital/labiaplasty/selecting-surgeon","host":"theaestheticsociety.org","quote":"What are my options if the outcome of my labiaplasty does not meet the goals we agreed on?","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}}],"checked_at":"2026-11-11","next_check_at":"2027-11-11","version":1},"red_flags":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"F1","text":"Surgeon or hospital does not want to discuss the details of surgery","scope":"procedure","source":{"url":"https://rcseng.ac.uk/patient-care/cosmetic-surgery/having-surgery-abroad/","host":"rcseng.ac.uk","quote":"Be wary of surgeons and hospitals that do not want to discuss the details of surgery with you.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"F2","text":"Offer markets cosmetic surgery as part of a holiday package","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://rcseng.ac.uk/patient-care/cosmetic-surgery/having-surgery-abroad/","host":"rcseng.ac.uk","quote":"Beware of any hospital which markets cosmetic surgery as part of a holiday package.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"F3","text":"An advert or information that guarantees complete success should raise concerns","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://travelaware.campaign.gov.uk/surgery-abroad-cut-out-the-risk/","host":"travelaware.campaign.gov.uk","quote":"Any advert or information that guarantees complete success should raise 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