Istanbul Florence Nightingale Hospital is Turkey's first Smart-and-Green hospital, certified by TÜV Hessen. It holds JCI and ISO accreditation and treats over 300,000 patients each year. Its strongest specialty is orthopedics, with the first EOS device in Turkey for low-dose imaging.
Istanbul Florence Nightingale Hospital is Turkey's first Smart-and-Green hospital, certified by TÜV Hessen. It holds JCI and ISO accreditation and treats over 300,000 patients each year. Its strongest specialty is orthopedics, with the first EOS device in Turkey for low-dose imaging.
Associate Professor Veysel Şal has performed over 1,100 gynecological procedures, specializing in cervical conization. LEEP excision at Memorial Bahçelievler Hospital may cost around $2,400 – typically covering the procedure, pre-op consultation, and pathological examination. The outpatient option allows same-day discharge. Alternatively, a $2,700 package includes endometrial biopsies with 1-night hospitalization. The hospital is ISO and LEED Platinum certified – the first eco-friendly facility of its kind in Turkey.
Memorial Bahçelievler Hospital is Turkey’s first LEED Platinum-certified hospital. It is part of the country’s largest healthcare network, Memorial Healthcare Group. Its core specialties include oncology, cardiovascular surgery, orthopedics, and robotic surgery.
Memorial Ataşehir Hospital offers specialized Сervix Conization procedures at their JCI-accredited facility. Dr. Mesut Polat, an experienced Obstetrician and Gynecologist with expertise in Gynecological Oncology Surgery, leads the team. The hospital combines advanced medical technology with a multidisciplinary approach to ensure comprehensive care for cervical conditions.
Memorial Ataşehir Hospital is a JCI-accredited transplant center with a 99.5% liver transplant success rate. It specializes in organ transplant, IVF, oncology, and neurosurgery. The hospital is part of the Memorial Healthcare Group, serving patients from 92 countries.
Dr. Esra Ozbasli is a board-certified OB-GYN with _doctor_8319_years_ of experience. She specializes in cervical dysplasia diagnosis and treatment through co-testing, PAP-smears, colposcopy-guided biopsies, and LEEP conization. The procedure may cost around $2,360–$3,550. Dr. Ozbasli trained at Istanbul University and completed an observership at New York University. She holds certifications in da Vinci Robotic Surgery and genital aesthetics.
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Esra Özbaşlı OBGYN & Women Genital Aesthetics is a private Istanbul clinic for gynecology, obstetrics, and genital aesthetics. The lead surgeon has over 20 years of experience and 10,000+ managed pregnancies. The clinic performs robotic surgery with the Da Vinci system.
Op. Dr. Ayşe Akbulut brings over 10 years of surgical expertise, having performed 300+ hysteroscopic procedures. A conization program at JCI-accredited Hisar Hospital typically costs around $2,100. This price generally covers laboratory analyses, medicines, and anesthesiology. For more comprehensive care, a LEEP package runs around $2,800, including airport transfers and an interpreter. The clinic treats 250,000+ patients annually, offering day-case surgery with same-day discharge. Op. Dr. Akbulut is a graduate of Istanbul University Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine.
Hisar Hospital Intercontinental is a JCI-accredited multi-specialty hospital in Istanbul. It treats 250,000 patients each year. Its core specialties are oncology, hematology, cardiovascular surgery, orthopedics, and bariatric surgery.
Associate Professor Veysel Şal, a leading oncogynecologist with Memorial Bahçelievler Hospital, specializes in cervical conization procedures. The radiofrequency excision technique minimizes tissue damage and speeds recovery to 24–48 hours. The package may cost around $1,650, typically covering the surgery, 1-day hospitalization, and companion stay. Memorial Şişli Hospital holds JCI accreditation – Turkey's first – with a 4.5/5 rating from 184 reviews.
","text_type":"mt_wow_description","best_texts":{"techniques":"Radiofrequency excision and conization of the cervix","good_fit_for":"Cervical dysplasia cases","why_its_ranked":"Offers specialized radiofrequency excision technique with day-stay hospitalization. JCI-accredited facility ensures high-quality care standards. Doctors follow international NCCN protocols for treatment."},"agency_settings":[{"setting_name":"is_new","setting_value":"0"},{"setting_name":"kids_only","setting_value":"0"}],"procedure_prices":[{"prices":{"price_from":1500,"price_to":1800,"currency":"USD","id":14228},"operation":{"id":362,"name":"Сervix Conization","alias":"conization"}},{"prices":{"price_from":3000,"price_to":3000,"currency":"USD","id":28590},"diagnostic":{"id":498,"name":"Breast biopsy","alias":"breast-biopsy"}},{"prices":{"price_from":107,"price_to":214,"currency":"USD","id":46628},"diagnostic":{"id":86,"name":" Blood test for hormonal profile","alias":"a-study-of-hormone-levels"}}],"reviews":[],"clinic":{"id":96,"alias":"memorial-healthcare-group","name":"Memorial Şişli Hospital","short_description":"Memorial Şişli Hospital in Istanbul is one of Turkey’s leading multidisciplinary medical centers, operating on a 53,000 m² area with 252 beds, 13 operating rooms, and advanced intensive care units. Opened in 2000, it became the first hospital in Turkey and the 21st worldwide to earn Joint Commission International (JCI) accreditation, confirming world-class standards.
\n\nThe hospital is recognized for its expertise in oncology, organ and bone marrow transplantation (90% organ transplant success rate), IVF, neurosurgery, bariatric surgery, robotic surgery, and genetics. Equipped with cutting-edge technology and specialized centers, Memorial Şişli attracts patients from 167 countries each year, combining top-level medical care with Istanbul’s unique cultural and travel opportunities.
\n","images":[{"base_url":"clinic/634ffae9b76cd","title":"Memorial Şişli Hospital modern clinic building in Istanbul, Turkey"},{"base_url":"clinic/5ba3aa9d874b8","title":"Patient room at Memorial Şişli Hospital, Istanbul with modern furnishings and TV"},{"base_url":"clinic/5ba3aa9ebbdf9","title":"Patient room and lounge area at Memorial Şişli Hospital, Istanbul"},{"base_url":"clinic/634ffa7dd8799","title":"Reception desk at Memorial Şişli Hospital with modern decor in Istanbul"}],"flags":[{"name":"is_hide","value":false},{"name":"has_active_agencies","value":true}],"geo":{"country":{"name":"Turkey","id":46,"alias":"turkey","iso_code":"TR"},"city":{"name":"Istanbul","id":107,"alias":"istanbul"},"address":"Kaptan Paşa Mah, Halit Ziya Türkkan Sok Famas Plaza No:19 D:C, 34385 Şişli/İstanbul, Turkey"},"rating":{"rating":4.6,"google":4.7,"percent_of_satisfied_clients":87},"statistics":{"number_of_reviews":437,"doctors_number":189,"year_foundation":2000},"accreditations":[{"logo":"https://s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/bookimed/accreditations/5db982e01da4b.jpeg","name":"International Organization for Standardization","country_code":"CH"},{"logo":"https://s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/bookimed/accreditations/5cfa0ad8c533a.jpeg","name":"Joint Commission International ","country_code":"US"}],"agency_settings":[{"setting_name":"is_new","setting_value":"0"},{"setting_name":"kids_only","setting_value":"0"}]}},{"text":"Lokman Hekim Istanbul Hospital is a JCI-accredited private medical center in Istanbul. It treats 10,000+ patients each year. Core specialties are neurosurgery, orthopedics, spinal surgery, and weight loss surgery.
Lokman Hekim Istanbul Hospital is a JCI-accredited private medical center in Istanbul. It treats 10,000+ patients each year. Core specialties are neurosurgery, orthopedics, spinal surgery, and weight loss surgery.
Prof. Dr. Cem Yalçınkaya leads the Gynecologic Oncology Department at Anadolu Medical Center with 19 years of experience. Anadolu, JCI accredited and rated 4.6/5 by patients, offers cervical conization for $3,780. This includes the procedure, anesthesia, a 1-night hospital stay, pre-op consultation, pathological examination, and airport transfers. Additional tests and airfare are not included.
Anadolu Medical Center is a multidisciplinary facility providing American treatment standards at affordable prices in Istanbul (Turkey). Anadolu Medical Center's affiliation with the Johns Hopkins Hospital, one of the best medical facilities in the USA.
\n\nOncology, hematology-oncology, urology, neurosurgery, women's health, IVF, and check-up are the leading specialties at Anadolu Hospital.
\n\nThe medical center is among the Top 10 hospitals in the world, according to the Medical Travel Quality Alliance (MTQUA), an international organization that promotes high standards of health care for medical tourists.
\n\nPatients from the United States, the United Kingdom, Romania, Bulgaria, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, and Nigeria choose Anadolu Medical Center.
\n\nThe Anadolu Medical Center is a highly regarded medical facility located on the coast of the Marble Sea. It is renowned for its professionalism, cleanliness, and attention to detail. The staff is polite, attentive, and responsive to patients' needs. Highly trained and skilled doctors are available for comprehensive examinations and treatments, and the recovery room is bright and comfortable, with a beautiful view. Patients have benefited from the services of an excellent translator, Elmira, and the support of coordinators Zakhida, Bakhtygul, and Amina. The clinic also offers a transfer service from the airport to the hotel and back, as well as booking a hotel conveniently located 10-15 minutes away. Anadolu Medical Center is the perfect choice for a successful treatment and recovery.
\n\nMeliva Kardiolita Hospital is the only JCI-accredited hospital in the Baltic States. This private hospital in Vilnius welcomes nearly 300,000 patients annually. Its core specialties include orthopedics, cardiac surgery, plastic surgery, and bariatric surgery.
Meliva Kardiolita Hospital is the only JCI-accredited hospital in the Baltic States. This private hospital in Vilnius welcomes nearly 300,000 patients annually. Its core specialties include orthopedics, cardiac surgery, plastic surgery, and bariatric surgery.
VM Medical Park Florya Hospital is a JCI-accredited university hospital affiliated with Istanbul Aydın University. It excels in neurosurgery, plastic surgery, bariatric surgery, and oncology. The hospital also holds ISO certification and Center of Excellence designations in robotic, colorectal, and bariatric surgery.
VM Medical Park Florya Hospital is a JCI-accredited university hospital affiliated with Istanbul Aydın University. It excels in neurosurgery, plastic surgery, bariatric surgery, and oncology. The hospital also holds ISO certification and Center of Excellence designations in robotic, colorectal, and bariatric surgery.
Liv Bona Dea Hospital Baku is JCI-accredited, specializing in comprehensive obstetric and gynecological care with international standards.
Liv Bona Dea Hospital Baku is a JCI-accredited hospital with 100% compliance. It is part of the Turkish Liv Hospital brand. The hospital specializes in heart surgery, plastic surgery, transplantology, and medical check-ups.
Hisar Hospital Intercontinental is JCI-accredited with specialists performing 900+ gynecologic procedures annually, including robotic-assisted and laparoscopic surgeries.
Hisar Hospital Intercontinental is a JCI-accredited multi-specialty hospital in Istanbul. It treats 250,000 patients each year. Its core specialties are oncology, hematology, cardiovascular surgery, orthopedics, and bariatric surgery.
Professor Cem Iyibozkurt specializes in gynecologic oncology with a focus on minimally invasive and robotic surgery at Istanbul Florence Nightingale Hospital.
Dr. Cem Iyibozkurt is a gynecologic oncologist at Istanbul Florence Nightingale Hospital. He specializes in robotic-assisted surgery and minimally invasive oncology. He holds a PhD in Molecular Medicine. Dr. Iyibozkurt trained at the University of Oxford and Florida Hospital. He is a primary practitioner of robotic gynecologic procedures in Turkey.
Istanbul Florence Nightingale Hospital is Turkey's first Smart-and-Green hospital, certified by TÜV Hessen. It holds JCI and ISO accreditation and treats over 300,000 patients each year. Its strongest specialty is orthopedics, with the first EOS device in Turkey for low-dose imaging.
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Esra Ozbasli specializes in cervix conization with over _doctor_8319_years_ of OB-GYN experience and advanced training in minimally invasive techniques.
Dr. Esra Ozbasli is a board-certified OB-GYN and Genital Cosmetic Surgeon in Istanbul. She specializes in robotic surgery and women's aesthetic procedures. Dr. Ozbasli practiced as an academician at Acıbadem University for 12 years. She is also ECFMG-accredited for medical practice in the United States.
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Esra Özbaşlı OBGYN & Women Genital Aesthetics is a private Istanbul clinic for gynecology, obstetrics, and genital aesthetics. The lead surgeon has over 20 years of experience and 10,000+ managed pregnancies. The clinic performs robotic surgery with the Da Vinci system.
Awarded first prize by Schering German for research on reproductive health, Dr. Haberal specializes in advanced gynecological procedures.
Dr. Esra Tustas Haberal is an obstetrician-gynecologist at Hisar Hospital Intercontinental in Istanbul. She won the Schering German First Prize for her research on reproductive health. Dr. Haberal specializes in managing high-risk pregnancies and treating infertility. She also performs pelvic floor and genital aesthetic surgeries.
Hisar Hospital Intercontinental is a JCI-accredited multi-specialty hospital in Istanbul. It treats 250,000 patients each year. Its core specialties are oncology, hematology, cardiovascular surgery, orthopedics, and bariatric surgery.
Dr. Yalcinkaya specializes in cervix conization procedures at Anadolu Medical Center.
Dr. Cem Yalcinkaya is an associate professor and gynecologic oncologist at Anadolu Medical Center. He specializes in fertility-sparing surgeries and robotic procedures for gynecologic cancers. Dr. Yalcinkaya holds a robotic surgeon certificate for the DaVinci system. He successfully passed the European Society of Gynecologic Oncology (ESGO) exam in 2019.
Anadolu Medical Center is a multidisciplinary facility providing American treatment standards at affordable prices in Istanbul (Turkey). Anadolu Medical Center's affiliation with the Johns Hopkins Hospital, one of the best medical facilities in the USA.
\n\nOncology, hematology-oncology, urology, neurosurgery, women's health, IVF, and check-up are the leading specialties at Anadolu Hospital.
\n\nThe medical center is among the Top 10 hospitals in the world, according to the Medical Travel Quality Alliance (MTQUA), an international organization that promotes high standards of health care for medical tourists.
\n\nPatients from the United States, the United Kingdom, Romania, Bulgaria, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, and Nigeria choose Anadolu Medical Center.
\n\nThe Anadolu Medical Center is a highly regarded medical facility located on the coast of the Marble Sea. It is renowned for its professionalism, cleanliness, and attention to detail. The staff is polite, attentive, and responsive to patients' needs. Highly trained and skilled doctors are available for comprehensive examinations and treatments, and the recovery room is bright and comfortable, with a beautiful view. Patients have benefited from the services of an excellent translator, Elmira, and the support of coordinators Zakhida, Bakhtygul, and Amina. The clinic also offers a transfer service from the airport to the hotel and back, as well as booking a hotel conveniently located 10-15 minutes away. Anadolu Medical Center is the perfect choice for a successful treatment and recovery.
\n\nSpecializes in laparoscopic surgical techniques – Dr. Dagdeviren's expertise minimizes recovery time for cervix conization procedures at VM Medical Park Florya Hospital.
Dr. Hediye Dagdeviren is an Associate Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology at VM Medical Park Florya. She specializes in IVF and reproductive difficulties. She holds an official certification in Assisted Reproductive Therapy. Dr. Dagdeviren practices at a JCI-accredited university hospital in Istanbul.
VM Medical Park Florya Hospital is a JCI-accredited university hospital affiliated with Istanbul Aydın University. It excels in neurosurgery, plastic surgery, bariatric surgery, and oncology. The hospital also holds ISO certification and Center of Excellence designations in robotic, colorectal, and bariatric surgery.
Dr. Mesut Polat is an obstetrician and gynecologist at Memorial Ataşehir Hospital in Istanbul. He specializes in gynecological oncology surgery and treating conditions like cervical cancer. Dr. Polat works at a JCI-accredited facility known for its high treatment safety standards.
Memorial Ataşehir Hospital is a JCI-accredited transplant center with a 99.5% liver transplant success rate. It specializes in organ transplant, IVF, oncology, and neurosurgery. The hospital is part of the Memorial Healthcare Group, serving patients from 92 countries.
This procedure takes place in a Class A hospital setting for enhanced surgical safety. It is performed by Assoc. Prof. Dr. Esra Ozbasli, a former academic at Acıbadem University with 900+ gynecologic procedures and Da Vinci robotic surgery certification. The LEEP conization under general anesthesia at Assoc. Prof. Dr. Esra Özbaşlı OBGYN & Genital Aesthetics costs around _offer_price_ and includes anesthesia consultation, VIP transfers, and post-op instructions. Patients receive pathology results via WhatsApp within 10 days for a streamlined one-month recovery.
","clinic_entity_text":"Assoc. Prof. Dr. Esra Özbaşlı has performed 900+ gynecological procedures over _doctor_8319_years_, specializing in LEEP conization under general anesthesia. The procedure typically costs around $2,350, covering the LEEP conization, cervical biopsy, and one day hotel stay post-procedure. A certified Da Vinci robotic surgeon since 2013, Dr. Özbaşlı trained at Zeynep Kamil Women's Hospital and maintains international publications in Pubmed.
Dr. Esra Ozbasli is a board-certified OB-GYN and Genital Cosmetic Surgeon in Istanbul. She specializes in robotic surgery and women's aesthetic procedures. Dr. Ozbasli practiced as an academician at Acıbadem University for 12 years. She is also ECFMG-accredited for medical practice in the United States.
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Esra Özbaşlı OBGYN & Women Genital Aesthetics is a private Istanbul clinic for gynecology, obstetrics, and genital aesthetics. The lead surgeon has over 20 years of experience and 10,000+ managed pregnancies. The clinic performs robotic surgery with the Da Vinci system.
The procedure removes a cone-shaped tissue portion from the cervix to test and treat abnormal cells, offering precise intervention.
"},"1567":{"operation":{"name":"Cervical Cautery","alias":"cervical-cautery","use_for_listing":true},"country_price":{"US":{"amount":900,"max_amount":2300,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":0,"price_kind":"estimate","price_source":"parsed","scope":"country"},"TR":{"amount":350,"max_amount":800,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":0,"price_kind":"estimate","price_source":"parsed","scope":"country"},"TH":{"amount":350,"max_amount":600,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":0,"price_kind":"estimate","price_source":"parsed","scope":"country"},"AT":{"amount":450,"max_amount":950,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":0,"price_kind":"estimate","price_source":"parsed","scope":"country"},"ES":{"amount":450,"max_amount":850,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":0,"price_kind":"estimate","price_source":"parsed","scope":"country"}},"available_clinics":{"US":false,"TR":false,"TH":false,"AT":false,"ES":false}},"1572":{"operation":{"name":"LEEP","alias":"leep","use_for_listing":true},"country_price":{"US":{"amount":2800,"max_amount":4800,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":0,"price_kind":"estimate","price_source":"parsed","scope":"country"},"TR":{"amount":3600,"max_amount":0,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":1,"price_kind":"from","price_source":"tariff","scope":"country"},"TH":{"amount":900,"max_amount":1500,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":0,"price_kind":"estimate","price_source":"parsed","scope":"country"},"AT":{"amount":1100,"max_amount":2000,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":0,"price_kind":"estimate","price_source":"parsed","scope":"country"},"ES":{"amount":1100,"max_amount":1800,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":0,"price_kind":"estimate","price_source":"parsed","scope":"country"}},"available_clinics":{"US":false,"TR":true,"TH":false,"AT":false,"ES":false}}}},"operationIndicators":{"details":{"anesthesia":"local","days_in_clinic":1,"days_in_country":2,"rehabilitation_days":7,"satisfied_percent":78,"treatment_duration_hours":1},"illness_kind_details":{"requests_processed":13013}},"responsibleDoctor":{"id":6785,"alias":"esra-cabuk-comert","name":"Esra Cabuk Comert","photo":"doctor/6564e3b672960","advisory_text":"Dr. Esra Cabuk Comert is an Obstetrician and Gynecologist. She specializes in IVF, vaginal aesthetics, and laparoscopic surgeries, with over 20,000 cases handled. Dr. Comert is certified in Genital Aesthetic Surgery by the European Association of Aesthetic Medicine and Surgery. She also holds certifications in Gynecological Laparoscopy and Hysteroscopy, both approved by the Ministry of Health of Turkey.","linkedin":"https://www.linkedin.com/in/dr-esra-%C3%A7abuk-c%C3%B6mert-a12a08205/?originalSubdomain=tr","specialities":[{"id":"frt.002","name":"Fertility specialist","illness_kind_id":68},{"id":"oag.001","name":"Obstetrician-gynecologist","illness_kind_id":35},{"id":"oag.002","name":"Gynecologist","illness_kind_id":35}]},"direction":{"id":35,"name":"Obstetrics and Gynecology","alias":"obstetrics-and-gynecology"},"illness_kind":{"id":35,"name":{"en":"Obstetrics and Gynecology"}},"parsed_details":{"procedure_type":"surgery","fields":{"anesthesia":["local","local_sedation","general","regional"],"back_to_work_days":{"min":3,"max":10,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Office-type work after cold-knife or LEEP conization; physically demanding work may need longer."},"complication_rate_pct":{"min":5,"max":15,"unit":"percent","qualifier":"Any complication within 30 days, mainly bleeding or infection; serious ones under 2%."},"contraindications":["Active acute cervical or pelvic infection (usually treated first)","Invasive cervical cancer where conization isn't definitive treatment","Pregnancy (relative; performed only for strong indication)","Uncorrected bleeding disorder or unplanned therapeutic anticoagulation (relative)","Unfitness for anesthesia"],"days_in_clinic":{"min":0,"max":1,"unit":"nights","qualifier":"Usually same-day discharge; one night only if bleeding risk or anesthesia needs observation."},"diagnostic_duration_minutes":null,"diagnostic_preparation":null,"diagnostic_referral_needed":null,"diagnostic_result_time_hours":null,"exercise_resume_weeks":{"min":2,"max":4,"unit":"weeks","qualifier":"Strenuous exercise after bleeding and discharge settle; longer after large excisions."},"final_result_months":{"min":1,"max":2,"unit":"months","qualifier":"Approximate cervical healing; clinical outcome (clearance of disease) is assessed at follow-up cytology/HPV testing, typically around 6 months."},"fly_home_after_days":{"min":2,"max":5,"unit":"days","qualifier":"After same-day discharge; delayed bleeding can occur at days 7–14, so earlier flights depend on surgeon clearance."},"follow_up_visits":[{"purpose":"result_review","requirement":"routine","after":{"min":14,"max":28,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Histology review including margin status, counted from the procedure."}},{"purpose":"assessment","requirement":"routine","after":{"min":150,"max":210,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Test-of-cure cytology/HPV testing, commonly about 6 months after the procedure."}},{"purpose":"wound_check","requirement":"conditional","after":{"min":7,"max":28,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Only if heavy bleeding, fever, foul discharge or persistent pain."}}],"indications":["High-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN 2–3) or adenocarcinoma in situ","Persistent CIN/abnormal cytology with inadequate or discordant colposcopy/biopsy","Suspected microinvasive disease needing diagnostic excision","Endocervical lesion not fully visible at colposcopy"],"main_risks":["Bleeding during or after procedure (delayed at 1–2 weeks)","Infection","Cervical stenosis","Cervical insufficiency; higher preterm birth risk, especially with larger excisions","Anesthesia-related risks","Rarely, injury to adjacent organs"],"pain":"Mild to moderate cramping and lower abdominal discomfort for a few days, usually managed with simple analgesics.","preparation":["Pre-operative colposcopy and biopsy confirmation","Pregnancy test and scheduling away from menstruation","Pre-anesthesia assessment and fasting as instructed","Review of bleeding risk and medications with the surgeon","Treat active genital infection beforehand"],"recovery_timeline":[{"phase":"First 24–48 hours","description":"Cramping and light bleeding or discharge; rest advised.","restrictions":["No tampons or intercourse","Avoid heavy lifting"]},{"phase":"Days 3–14","description":"Brown or blood-stained discharge that gradually decreases; a bleed may occur as the scab separates around days 7–14.","restrictions":["No tampons, douching, baths or swimming","Avoid sexual intercourse"]},{"phase":"Weeks 2–4","description":"Discharge settles; return to normal activity and exercise.","restrictions":["Avoid intercourse until about 4 weeks or as advised"]},{"phase":"Weeks 4–8","description":"Cervix largely healed; follow-up cytology/HPV plan confirmed.","restrictions":[]}],"rehabilitation_days":{"min":7,"max":14,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Ordinary functional recovery to normal daily activity; cervical healing continues for several weeks."},"result_longevity":"Excision clears the lesion in roughly 90% of cases, but recurrence risk persists, so follow-up cytology/HPV testing is advised, depending on margin status and HPV persistence.","revision_rate_pct":{"min":5,"max":15,"unit":"percent","qualifier":"Repeat excision or further treatment for positive margins or residual/recurrent disease within 2 years."},"scars":"No external scar; the cervix heals with an internal scar that may slightly alter cervical shape or narrow the canal.","sessions_or_stages":{"sessions":{"min":1,"max":1,"unit":"visits","qualifier":"Single operative session."},"stages":[{"code":"conization","label":"Cone excision of the cervical transformation zone (cold-knife, laser or LEEP/LLETZ)","after":{"min":0,"max":0,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Performed at the initial session."}}],"qualifier":"One-stage procedure; follow-up checks are not treatment sessions."},"success":{"metric":"Disease-free after excision (no residual or recurrent CIN)","value":90,"unit":"percent","horizon":"24 months","population":"Women with CIN 2–3 treated by conization","evidence_status":"proven"},"techniques":[{"name":"LEEP/LLETZ (loop electrosurgical excision)","suits_whom":"Most women with CIN 2–3 with ectocervical lesions of suitable size.","recovery":"Typically quick, with discharge for 2–4 weeks."},{"name":"Cold-knife conization (scalpel)","suits_whom":"Suspected microinvasion, glandular lesions or when an intact specimen without thermal artifact is needed.","recovery":"Often slightly longer, with somewhat higher bleeding risk."},{"name":"Laser conization","suits_whom":"Selected cases where precise excision is preferred and equipment is available.","recovery":"Similar to cold-knife conization."}],"treatment_conditions":["day_case"],"treatment_duration_hours":{"min":0.25,"max":0.75,"unit":"hours","qualifier":"Operative time for one conization; excludes anesthesia preparation and recovery."},"initial_assessment_documents":["Cervical biopsy histology report","Colposcopy report","Recent Pap smear (cytology) report","HPV test result","Colposcopy images (if available)","Gynecologist referral letter or summary"],"travel_trips":{"min":1,"max":1,"one_trip_possible":true,"qualifier":"Single-stage procedure; stay 2-5 days. Histology review can be remote; test-of-cure at about 6 months is done at home."},"clinic_checks":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"C1","text":"Confirm the surgeon is trained and experienced in the exact procedure you are considering, not just in surgery generally","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://www.isaps.org/discover/patients-home/considering-your-procedure-abroad/finding-a-surgeon-abroad/","host":"isaps.org","quote":"Verify that the surgeon is trained and experienced in performing the procedure you are considering.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"C2","text":"Ask for certification information and the name of the body that certified the surgical setting","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://www.isaps.org/discover/patients-home/considering-your-procedure-abroad/finding-a-surgeon-abroad/","host":"isaps.org","quote":"Ask for certification information and the name of the certifying body when assessing a surgical setting.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"C3","text":"Check that the surgeon who consults with you is the same person who will carry out the procedure","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://travelaware.campaign.gov.uk/surgery-abroad-cut-out-the-risk/","host":"travelaware.campaign.gov.uk","quote":"Check that the surgeon you consult with, will be the same person carrying out the procedure.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"C4","text":"Ask whether a doctor is always present in the clinic and whether a high dependency or intensive care unit exists","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://www.bapras.org.uk/public/patient-information/cosmetic-surgery/cosmetic-surgery-abroad","host":"bapras.org.uk","quote":"Is there always a doctor in the clinic and is there a high dependency or intensive care 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