Yanda International Hospital handles 2.5 million patients annually at its JCI-accredited facility – China's highest Class A level III clinic. The specialized nephrology department provides hemodialysis around 1,500 CNY per session, including the procedure and monitoring with advanced international-standard equipment. This high-volume center combines proven dialysis protocols with traditional Chinese medicine approaches under expert supervision.
","text_type":"mt_wow_description","best_texts":{"techniques":"Hemodialysis, advanced hemodialysis equipment","good_fit_for":"Chronic kidney failure and uremia","why_its_ranked":"Performs hemodialysis in a specialized nephrology department with advanced equipment meeting international standards. JCI-accredited and classified as China's highest-level clinic (Class A level III)."},"agency_settings":[{"setting_name":"is_new","setting_value":"0"},{"setting_name":"kids_only","setting_value":"0"}],"procedure_prices":[{"prices":{"price_from":500,"price_to":1500,"currency":"USD","id":39151},"diagnostic":{"id":420,"name":" Basic check-up","alias":"basic-check-up"}},{"prices":{"price_from":60,"price_to":120,"currency":"USD","id":48603},"diagnostic":{"id":85,"name":"Biochemical blood analysis","alias":"biochemical-analysis-of-blood"}}],"reviews":[],"clinic":{"id":916,"alias":"yanda-international-hospital","name":"Yanda International Hospital","short_description":"Yanda International Hospital is a JCI-accredited Class A level III hospital in Beijing, China. It treats over 2.5 million patients annually, with core strengths in neurology, rheumatology, and rehabilitation. Located in Yanda International Health City, it integrates clinical care with research and education.
The clinic offers dialysis sessions starting around $300, typically covering three weekly treatments and medical consultations. Night sessions are available for flexible scheduling. Associate professor-level doctors provide care, specializing in nephrology and dialysis treatment. The university hospital combines medical research with treatment protocols. No hepatitis diagnosis is required for acceptance, making the clinic accessible to more patients. Interpreter services and 5-star standard accommodations are available for international patients.
","text_type":"mt_wow_description","best_texts":{"techniques":"Hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, long-duration hemodialysis sessions including night sessions","good_fit_for":"Chronic kidney disease patients requiring regular dialysis","why_its_ranked":"Offers both hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis with specialized nephrologists. Provides long-duration sessions including night dialysis. Clinic has a 4.4/5 rating from patient reviews."},"agency_settings":[{"setting_name":"is_new","setting_value":"0"},{"setting_name":"kids_only","setting_value":"0"}],"procedure_prices":[{"prices":{"price_from":250,"price_to":250,"currency":"USD","id":60310},"operation":{"id":848,"name":"Dialysis","alias":"dialysis"}},{"prices":{"price_from":100,"price_to":300,"currency":"USD","id":28281},"diagnostic":{"id":84,"name":"Extended analysis of blood","alias":"extended-analysis-of-blood"}},{"prices":{"price_from":150,"price_to":350,"currency":"USD","id":28283},"diagnostic":{"id":420,"name":" Basic check-up","alias":"basic-check-up"}}],"reviews":[],"clinic":{"id":765,"alias":"istinye-university-liv-hospital-bahcesehir","name":"Istinye University Liv Hospital Bahcesehir","short_description":"Istinye University Liv Hospital Bahcesehir is a university hospital affiliated with the Liv Hospital Group. Its main specialties are organ transplant, cancer treatment, neurosurgery, and urology. The hospital reports a 91.7% donor organ acceptance rate.
IRCCS Ospedale Galeazzi - Sant'Ambrogio provides dialysis services with costs typically ranging from $700 to $1,100 per session. The hospital combines expertise from two renowned institutions, offering comprehensive care for various medical needs.
","text_type":"mt_wow_description","agency_settings":[{"setting_name":"is_new","setting_value":"0"},{"setting_name":"kids_only","setting_value":"0"}],"reviews":[],"clinic":{"id":302,"alias":"instituto-ortopedico-galeazzi","name":"IRCCS OSPEDALE GALEAZZI - SANT'AMBROGIO ","short_description":"IRCCS Ospedale Galeazzi – Sant'Ambrogio is Italy's first orthopedic hospital and a government-authorized research institute (IRCCS). Its core specialties include joint surgery, spine surgery, and stem cell therapy. Part of Gruppo San Donato, the country's first healthcare network.
Myongji Hospital is a multidisciplinary general hospital located in Goyang, South Korea, approximately 30 minutes from Seoul. The hospital provides medical services across a wide range of specialties, including cardiology and cardiac surgery, oncology, orthopedics, organ transplantation, urology, liver diseases, women's health, robotic surgery, hair transplantation, and health check-ups.
The hospital treats about 600,000 patients a year. It also operates an International Healthcare Center that assists overseas patients with appointment coordination, interpretation, medical consultations, treatment support, and follow-up care.
","text_type":"short_description","agency_settings":[{"setting_name":"is_new","setting_value":"1"},{"setting_name":"kids_only","setting_value":"0"}],"procedure_prices":[{"prices":{"price_from":561.1109633289005,"price_to":635.9257584394206,"currency":"USD","id":58324},"diagnostic":{"id":420,"name":" Basic check-up","alias":"basic-check-up"}}],"reviews":[],"clinic":{"id":8459,"alias":"myongji-hospital","name":"Myongji Hospital","short_description":"Myongji Hospital is a multidisciplinary general hospital located in Goyang, South Korea, approximately 30 minutes from Seoul. The hospital provides medical services across a wide range of specialties, including cardiology and cardiac surgery, oncology, orthopedics, organ transplantation, urology, liver diseases, women's health, robotic surgery, hair transplantation, and health check-ups.
The hospital treats about 600,000 patients a year. It also operates an International Healthcare Center that assists overseas patients with appointment coordination, interpretation, medical consultations, treatment support, and follow-up care.
","images":[{"base_url":"clinic/6a9a68e183494","title":"Myongji Hospital main building exterior in Goyang, South Korea"},{"base_url":"clinic/6a90e5460a893","title":"Doctor consulting patient in private room at Myongji Hospital, South Korea"},{"base_url":"clinic/6a90e57411ae5","title":"CT scan room at Myongji Hospital with modern imaging equipment and staff"},{"base_url":"clinic/6a90e57fafde9","title":"Surgical team performing operation at Myongji Hospital operating room"}],"flags":[{"name":"has_active_agencies","value":true},{"name":"is_hide","value":false},{"name":"is_parsed_from_docs","value":true},{"name":"is_created_by_parser","value":true}],"geo":{"country":{"name":"Republic of Korea","id":36,"alias":"republic-of-korea","iso_code":"KR"},"city":{"name":"Goyang","id":432,"alias":"goyang"},"address":"55 Hwasu-ro 14beon-gil, Deogyang-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do"},"rating":{"rating":3.6,"google":3.6,"percent_of_satisfied_clients":0},"statistics":{"number_of_reviews":0,"doctors_number":280,"year_foundation":1987},"accreditations":[{"logo":"https://s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/bookimed/accreditations/69eb43f63d69e1.58134970.jpeg","name":"Advanced Regenerative Medicine Implementation Institution (Ministry of Health and Welfare, Republic of Korea)","country_code":"KR"}],"agency_settings":[{"setting_name":"is_new","setting_value":"1"},{"setting_name":"kids_only","setting_value":"0"}]}},{"text":"Medipol Mega University Hospital is Turkey's first JCI-accredited academic hospital with 810 beds and advanced dialysis facilities. Prof. Aydın ÜNAL, a nephrology professor, oversees personalized treatments. A dialysis session may cost around $450, typically including doctor consultation, blood tests, and transfers. The hospital's 230-person international team provides support in 30 languages. The facility operates 25 modern operating theaters and 127 intensive care units.
","text_type":"mt_wow_description","best_texts":{"techniques":"Hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis","good_fit_for":"Chronic kidney disease patients","why_its_ranked":"Offers both hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis with JCI accreditation. Experienced nephrology team provides personalized treatment plans."},"agency_settings":[{"setting_name":"is_new","setting_value":"0"},{"setting_name":"kids_only","setting_value":"0"}],"procedure_prices":[{"prices":{"price_from":300,"price_to":500,"currency":"USD","id":36141},"operation":{"id":848,"name":"Dialysis","alias":"dialysis"}},{"prices":{"price_from":200,"price_to":280,"currency":"USD","id":28926},"diagnostic":{"id":129,"name":"Consultation nephrologist","alias":"consultation-nephrologist"}},{"prices":{"price_from":400,"price_to":1000,"currency":"USD","id":48935},"diagnostic":{"id":84,"name":"Extended analysis of blood","alias":"extended-analysis-of-blood"}}],"reviews":[],"clinic":{"id":85,"alias":"medipol-mega-hastaneler-kompleksi","name":"Medipol Mega University Hospital","short_description":"Medipol Mega University Hospital is a JCI-accredited private hospital complex. It is one of Turkey's largest multi-specialty medical centers. The hospital sees over a million patients annually and specializes in oncology, neurology, cardiovascular care, transplants, and IVF.
Bumrungrad International Hospital provides dialysis services for international patients, with treatments typically costing around $800–$1,100. The JCI-accredited facility sees over 1 million patients annually from 190+ countries.
","text_type":"mt_wow_description","agency_settings":[{"setting_name":"is_new","setting_value":"0"},{"setting_name":"kids_only","setting_value":"0"}],"procedure_prices":[{"prices":{"price_from":65,"price_to":65,"currency":"USD","id":15712},"diagnostic":{"id":48,"name":"Consultation with a urologist","alias":"urologist-consultation"}}],"reviews":[],"clinic":{"id":250,"alias":"bumrungrad-international-hospital","name":"Bumrungrad International Hospital","short_description":"Bumrungrad International Hospital is one of Southeast Asia's largest private medical centers. Over one million patients choose it each year, including a 50% international mix from 190+ countries. Its core specialties include oncology, cardiology, orthopedics, ophthalmology, neurosciences, and health screenings.
Spec. Bahtishen Guven, MD, a nephrologist at JCI and ISO-accredited Emsey Hospital, provides hemodialysis at around $250 per session. The hospital holds Turkey's first Health Tourism Authorization certificate and features a complete nephrology department with modern equipment. Daily dialysis treatments are scheduled flexibly for international patients, with immediate post-treatment travel clearance when uncomplicated.
","text_type":"mt_wow_description","best_texts":{"techniques":"Dialysis, dialysis catheter placement","good_fit_for":"Patients requiring ongoing dialysis","why_its_ranked":"Provides specialized nephrology care with dialysis treatments. JCI-accredited hospital with dedicated dialysis catheter placement when needed. Daily dialysis cost is transparently priced at 250 USD."},"agency_settings":[{"setting_name":"is_new","setting_value":"0"},{"setting_name":"kids_only","setting_value":"0"}],"procedure_prices":[{"prices":{"price_from":1200,"price_to":1250,"currency":"USD","id":34222},"diagnostic":{"id":420,"name":" Basic check-up","alias":"basic-check-up"}},{"prices":{"price_from":500,"price_to":900,"currency":"USD","id":50799},"diagnostic":{"id":370,"name":"MRI of the abdominal cavity","alias":"mri-of-the-abdominal-cavity"}}],"reviews":[],"clinic":{"id":1173,"alias":"emsey-hospital","name":"Emsey Hospital","short_description":"Emsey Hospital is a multi-specialty medical center on the Asian side of Istanbul. It is the first hospital to receive the International Health Tourism Authorization Certificate (001) from the Turkish Ministry of Health. The hospital is especially known for orthopedics, spine surgery, bone marrow transplantation, and oncology.
Interbalkan European Medical Center is a multidisciplinary hospital linked with Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard University. It specializes in robotic surgery, cardiac surgery, neurosurgery, and oncology. The center belongs to Athens Medical Group, Greece's largest hospital network.
Interbalkan European Medical Center is a multidisciplinary hospital linked with Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard University. It specializes in robotic surgery, cardiac surgery, neurosurgery, and oncology. The center belongs to Athens Medical Group, Greece's largest hospital network.
Prof. Dr. Pınar Seymen leads the nephrology department at Estophia Hospital, known for its high patient recommendation rate. One dialysis session may cost around $300, covering doctor fees, nursing service, tests, and transfers – or $530 with follow-up included. The hospital maintains a 4.5/5 rating from 30 reviews and serves international patients in Istanbul.
","text_type":"mt_wow_description","best_texts":{"techniques":"Dialysis treatment","good_fit_for":"Chronic kidney disease patients","why_its_ranked":"Offers dialysis at competitive prices starting from $200 per session, including doctor follow-up and transfers. Clinic has a 91% recommendation rate from patients."},"agency_settings":[{"setting_name":"is_new","setting_value":"0"},{"setting_name":"kids_only","setting_value":"0"}],"procedure_prices":[{"prices":{"price_from":100,"price_to":100,"currency":"USD","id":33062},"diagnostic":{"id":48,"name":"Consultation with a urologist","alias":"urologist-consultation"}},{"prices":{"price_from":110.23197173472082,"price_to":110.23197173472082,"currency":"USD","id":32797},"diagnostic":{"id":457,"name":"Consultation with creation of treatment plan ","alias":"consultation-with-creation-of-treatment-plan"}}],"reviews":[],"clinic":{"id":1547,"alias":"medical-promise","name":"Estophia Hospital ","short_description":"Estophia Hospital is a private clinic in Istanbul with 87 doctors across 28 departments. Orthopedics, urology, aesthetic medicine, and weight loss surgery are its strongest areas.
Ospedale San Carlo di Nancy, accredited by the Italian National Health Service, provides dialysis with experienced professionals and a dedicated team. The facility treats around 15,000 patients annually and operates with 450 medical staff. Dr. Giuseppe Speziale, a leading cardiologist with extensive experience in complex procedures, oversees the cardiac-related aspects of dialysis care. The procedure typically costs around $2,400–$2,700. The hospital features advanced equipment and is part of the GVM Care & Research network.
Ospedale San Carlo di Nancy is a Rome hospital founded in 1932 and part of GVM Care & Research. It treats around 15,000 patients each year. The hospital is accredited by the Italian National Health Service.
Memorial Şişli Hospital reports a 90% success rate for living donor kidney transplants and offers robotic nephrectomy procedures. The JCI-accredited nephrology department combines transplantation expertise with minimally invasive techniques.
Memorial Şişli Hospital in Istanbul is one of Turkey’s leading multidisciplinary medical centers, operating on a 53,000 m² area with 252 beds, 13 operating rooms, and advanced intensive care units. Opened in 2000, it became the first hospital in Turkey and the 21st worldwide to earn Joint Commission International (JCI) accreditation, confirming world-class standards.
\n\nThe hospital is recognized for its expertise in oncology, organ and bone marrow transplantation (90% organ transplant success rate), IVF, neurosurgery, bariatric surgery, robotic surgery, and genetics. Equipped with cutting-edge technology and specialized centers, Memorial Şişli attracts patients from 167 countries each year, combining top-level medical care with Istanbul’s unique cultural and travel opportunities.
\n","images":[{"base_url":"clinic/634ffae9b76cd","title":"Memorial Şişli Hospital modern clinic building in Istanbul, Turkey"},{"base_url":"clinic/5ba3aa9d874b8","title":"Patient room at Memorial Şişli Hospital, Istanbul with modern furnishings and TV"},{"base_url":"clinic/5ba3aa9ebbdf9","title":"Patient room and lounge area at Memorial Şişli Hospital, Istanbul"},{"base_url":"clinic/634ffa7dd8799","title":"Reception desk at Memorial Şişli Hospital with modern decor in Istanbul"}],"flags":[{"name":"is_hide","value":false},{"name":"has_active_agencies","value":true}],"geo":{"country":{"name":"Turkey","id":46,"alias":"turkey","iso_code":"TR"},"city":{"name":"Istanbul","id":107,"alias":"istanbul"},"address":"Kaptan Paşa Mah, Halit Ziya Türkkan Sok Famas Plaza No:19 D:C, 34385 Şişli/İstanbul, Turkey"},"rating":{"rating":4.6,"google":4.7,"percent_of_satisfied_clients":87},"statistics":{"number_of_reviews":437,"doctors_number":189,"year_foundation":2000},"accreditations":[{"logo":"https://s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/bookimed/accreditations/5db982e01da4b.jpeg","name":"International Organization for Standardization","country_code":"CH"},{"logo":"https://s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/bookimed/accreditations/5cfa0ad8c533a.jpeg","name":"Joint Commission International ","country_code":"US"}],"agency_settings":[{"setting_name":"is_new","setting_value":"0"},{"setting_name":"kids_only","setting_value":"0"}]}}},{"card":{"text":"Liv Bona Dea Hospital Baku is JCI-accredited and offers kidney transplants, nephrectomies, and dialysis services in its Nephrology department.
Liv Bona Dea Hospital Baku is a JCI-accredited hospital with 100% compliance. It is part of the Turkish Liv Hospital brand. The hospital specializes in heart surgery, plastic surgery, transplantology, and medical check-ups.
Prof. Dr. Bora Uslu has _doctor_2306_years_ of nephrology experience, specializing in complex kidney treatments at Liv Hospital Bahcesehir.
Dr. Bora Uslu is a nephrologist at Istinye University Liv Hospital Bahcesehir in Istanbul. He specializes in kidney transplants, chronic kidney disease, and dialysis. Dr. Uslu treats complex conditions including nephrotic syndrome and hereditary kidney diseases. He works at a university hospital reporting a 91.7% donor organ acceptance rate.
Istinye University Liv Hospital Bahcesehir is a university hospital affiliated with the Liv Hospital Group. Its main specialties are organ transplant, cancer treatment, neurosurgery, and urology. The hospital reports a 91.7% donor organ acceptance rate.
Dr. Giuseppe Speziale is a cardiac surgeon and Director of Cardiac Surgery at Santa Maria Hospital. He lives and works in Rome. He focuses on minimally invasive and noninvasive valvular surgeries. Dr. Speziale serves as the Vice President of GVM Care & Research. He treats complex conditions like atrial fibrillation and mitral valve prolapse.
Ospedale San Carlo di Nancy is a Rome hospital founded in 1932 and part of GVM Care & Research. It treats around 15,000 patients each year. The hospital is accredited by the Italian National Health Service.
Hemodialysis sessions are personalized by duration, ranging from 2 to over 4 hours. Dr. Farhad Shirinov, a nephrologist, provides care at the Liv Bona Dea Hospital Baku, part of the established Liv Hospital Group. The initial consultation and treatment start at approximately _offer_price_, requiring recent blood tests for assessment. The clinic's International Patients Services offers free airport transfers and language interpretation for a seamless experience.
","clinic_entity_text":"Liv Bona Dea Hospital Baku provides JCI-accredited dialysis services with flexible session durations. Hemodialysis may cost around $300–600 depending on treatment time, typically including the session, doctor consultation, airport transfers, and interpretation services. The hospital is part of the respected Liv Hospital Group with modern dialysis technology. Nephrologist Farhad Shirinov oversees treatments with transparent pricing and personalized care plans.
","package_price":600,"actual_price":600,"calculated_price":{"from":0,"to":0},"currency":{"code":"USD","symbol":"$","name":"Доллар","rate":1},"doctors":[{"id":5045,"name":"Farhad Shirinov","alias":"farhad-shirinov","photo":"doctor/6392bcdabce26","first_year_working":2003,"specialities":[{"id":"nph.001","name":"Nephrologist","illness_kind_id":24}],"statistics":{"review_count":0,"review_score":0}}],"clinic":{"id":3325,"alias":"liv-bona-dea-hospital-baku","name":"Liv Bona Dea Hospital Baku","short_description":"Liv Bona Dea Hospital Baku is a JCI-accredited hospital with 100% compliance. It is part of the Turkish Liv Hospital brand. The hospital specializes in heart surgery, plastic surgery, transplantology, and medical check-ups.
This package offers a range of dialysis modalities – bicarbonate, HDF online, and AFB-K with biocompatible membranes – for tailored treatment at about _offer_price_. The fee includes a required consultation with a nephrologist before starting sessions. Dr. Maria Doria provides care at the San Donato Hospital, an IRCCS Scientific Institute for Research and Healthcare. This research-driven facility in Milan is recognized among World's Best Hospitals and schedules sessions on patient-requested dates.
","clinic_entity_text":"IRCCS-accredited Policlinico San Donato Hospital offers dialysis at around $610 per session, including the procedure, erythropoiesis support, and anticoagulation. The clinic is recognized among World's Best Hospitals and maintains a 4.8/5 patient rating. Dr. Maria Doria specializes in dialysis therapy and chronic kidney disease management, providing personalized treatment plans. Initial consultation costs $240 before starting sessions.
","package_price":576,"actual_price":576,"calculated_price":{"from":0,"to":0},"special_price":{"expires":"2032-06-04T22:13:20.000+00:00","price_usd":0},"currency":{"code":"USD","symbol":"$","name":"Доллар","rate":1},"doctors":[{"id":7645,"name":"Maria Doria","alias":"maria-doria","photo":"doctor/663b4d6ac9c27","first_year_working":2001,"short_description":"Dr. Maria Doria directs the Nephrology and Dialysis Unit at San Donato Hospital in Milan. She oversees a unit that performs approximately 11,000 dialysis treatments every year. Dr. Doria specialize in clinical nephrology with a focus on conservative and pre-dialysis therapies. She works at a facility ranked among the World's Best Hospitals by Newsweek.
San Donato Hospital is an IRCCS-accredited cardiology and cardiac surgery center. It performs over 9,400 heart and blood vessel operations each year – the most in Italy. Core specialties include cardiology, cardiac surgery, arrhythmology, and rehabilitation.
This therapy helps purify blood when kidneys can\"t, using a machine to remove toxins and manage water balance.
"}}},"operationIndicators":{"details":{"anesthesia":"local","days_in_clinic":3,"days_in_country":10,"rehabilitation_days":1,"satisfied_percent":78,"treatment_duration_hours":4},"illness_kind_details":{"requests_processed":2332}},"responsibleDoctor":{"id":7253,"alias":"gokhan-temiz","name":"Gokhan Temiz","photo":"doctor/65cc977a0034c","advisory_text":"Prof. Dr. Gökhan Temiz is a nephrologist specializing in kidney transplantation, dialysis, and glomerular diseases. He has published more than 60 scientific articles and is a member of the European Renal Association (ERA-EDTA).","linkedin":"https://www.linkedin.com/in/gökhan-temiz-4b02a9153/","specialities":[{"id":"nph.001","name":"Nephrologist","illness_kind_id":24}]},"direction":{"id":24,"name":"Nephrology","alias":"nephrology"},"illness_kind":{"id":24,"name":{"en":"Nephrology"}},"parsed_details":{"procedure_type":"therapy","fields":{"anesthesia":["none"],"back_to_work_days":{"min":0,"max":1,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Established patients can do desk work on non-dialysis days or the day after. New patients may need longer."},"complication_rate_pct":{"min":20,"max":40,"unit":"percent","qualifier":"Any session-related complication, mainly intradialytic hypotension and cramps; serious events such as access infection or bleeding are under 5%."},"contraindications":["No feasible vascular access for hemodialysis","Severe hemodynamic instability","Uncontrolled active bleeding or heparin contraindication","Severe allergy to dialyzer components"],"days_in_clinic":{"min":0,"max":0,"unit":"nights","qualifier":"Typical maintenance in-center hemodialysis session; no overnight stay. Acute kidney injury in hospital is a different scenario."},"diagnostic_duration_minutes":null,"diagnostic_preparation":null,"diagnostic_referral_needed":null,"diagnostic_result_time_hours":null,"exercise_resume_weeks":{"min":0,"max":2,"unit":"weeks","qualifier":"Light activity is fine early. Strenuous sport needs clearance; access arm restricted after new fistula surgery."},"final_result_months":{"min":1,"max":3,"unit":"months","qualifier":"Symptom relief starts in early sessions; stable dry weight, blood pressure and clearance take months. Not a cure."},"fly_home_after_days":{"min":14,"max":28,"unit":"days","qualifier":"After initial sessions and stable dry weight; next sessions booked near home."},"follow_up_visits":[{"purpose":"assessment","requirement":"conditional","after":{"min":14,"max":42,"unit":"days","qualifier":"At home dialysis unit; early review of dry weight, blood pressure and prescription"}},{"purpose":"result_review","requirement":"conditional","after":{"min":28,"max":90,"unit":"days","qualifier":"At home dialysis unit, about monthly; blood tests and adequacy (Kt/V or URR)"}}],"indications":["End-stage kidney disease (kidney failure)","Severe acute kidney injury with hyperkalemia, acidosis or overload","Certain dialyzable poisonings or drug overdoses","Symptomatic uremia (e.g., pericarditis, encephalopathy, nausea) with advanced kidney failure","Refractory volume overload or uncontrolled hypertension due to kidney failure","Severe acidosis or electrolyte abnormalities unresponsive to medication"],"main_risks":["Low blood pressure during or after sessions","Muscle cramps, nausea, headache","Vascular access problems: infection, clotting, stenosis","Bleeding at needle sites","Fatigue and post-dialysis tiredness","Electrolyte or fluid imbalance","Cardiovascular events","Rare air embolism or allergic reaction to the dialyzer","Long-term: anemia, bone-mineral disorders, amyloidosis","Blood-borne infections, including bloodstream infection from a central venous catheter"],"pain":"Mild discomfort from needle insertion into the fistula or graft; the session itself is usually painless, though cramps may occur.","preparation":["Nephrology assessment and confirmation of the dialysis plan","Vascular access (fistula/graft) creation or dialysis catheter placement","Baseline blood tests and infection screening (hepatitis B/C, HIV)","Dietary and fluid guidance from a renal dietitian","Review of current medicines with the dialysis team","Weight and blood pressure check before each session","Shared choice of hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis, with patient education","Dialysis prescription planning (dry weight, duration, dialysate, anticoagulation)"],"recovery_timeline":[{"phase":"During session (about 3-5 hours)","description":"Blood is circulated through a dialyzer to remove waste and excess fluid while vital signs are monitored.","restrictions":["Limited movement of the access arm"]},{"phase":"Immediately after session","description":"Needles are removed and pressure applied to stop bleeding; blood pressure and weight are checked. Fatigue is common.","restrictions":["No heavy lifting or access-arm pressure for hours","Avoid driving if dizzy"]},{"phase":"Between sessions","description":"Usual activities resume as energy allows, with fluid and diet restrictions and the next session usually 1-2 days later.","restrictions":["Follow fluid, potassium and phosphate guidance","Protect the access site"]},{"phase":"At any time","description":"Seek urgent care for access bleeding, fever, redness or pus, lost fistula thrill, chest pain, breathlessness or fainting. Never miss dialysis.","restrictions":[]}],"rehabilitation_days":{"min":0,"max":1,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Post-dialysis tiredness usually resolves within hours to the next day; daily activities resume between sessions."},"result_longevity":"Hemodialysis replaces kidney function only while treatment continues, typically three sessions weekly. It continues unless transplant, kidney recovery or a change in care goals occurs.","revision_rate_pct":{"min":10,"max":30,"unit":"percent","qualifier":"Vascular access needing intervention or replacement (stenosis, thrombosis) within first year; fistulas lower than grafts or catheters."},"scars":"Dialysis itself leaves no scar. Fistula or graft surgery leaves a small arm scar; tunneled catheters leave small neck or chest scars; needle marks may show over the fistula.","sessions_or_stages":{"sessions":{"min":12,"max":13,"unit":"visits","qualifier":"First four weeks at about 3 sessions per week."},"stages":[{"code":"initiation","label":"Initiation: first sessions, often shorter or gentler; provisional dry weight","after":{"min":0,"max":7,"unit":"days","qualifier":"From the first session"}},{"code":"stabilization","label":"Stabilization: adjust dry weight, session length, dialysate and therapies; first adequacy check","after":{"min":14,"max":84,"unit":"days","qualifier":"From the first session"}},{"code":"maintenance","label":"Ongoing maintenance: usually 3 sessions weekly of 3-5 hours, with regular monitoring","after":{"min":28,"max":90,"unit":"days","qualifier":"From the first session; no fixed end"}}],"qualifier":"Open-ended maintenance with no cure; session counts cover only the first weeks."},"success":{"metric":"All-cause survival of adults starting maintenance in-center hemodialysis","value":40,"unit":"percent","horizon":"5 years after starting dialysis","population":"Incident adults with kidney failure on maintenance dialysis; varies widely with age and comorbidity.","evidence_status":"limited"},"techniques":[{"name":"In-center hemodialysis","suits_whom":"Most medically stable adults with kidney failure and established access; typically 3 sessions weekly of 3-5 hours","recovery":"Tiredness for some hours after sessions; usual activities between sessions"},{"name":"Home hemodialysis","suits_whom":"Trained patients with a suitable home setup and a care partner if needed","recovery":"Shorter, more frequent sessions are possible; recovery is often quicker"},{"name":"Peritoneal dialysis","suits_whom":"Patients preferring home therapy with an intact peritoneal cavity","recovery":"Daily exchanges at home; no post-session recovery period"}],"treatment_conditions":["outpatient"],"treatment_duration_hours":{"min":3,"max":5,"unit":"hours","qualifier":"Per single maintenance in-center hemodialysis session, excluding travel and setup."},"initial_assessment_documents":["Latest nephrology report with kidney diagnosis","Current dialysis prescription and recent session records","Recent creatinine, potassium and hemoglobin results","Hepatitis B, hepatitis C and HIV results","Dialysis access type and placement report"],"travel_trips":{"min":1,"max":1,"one_trip_possible":true,"qualifier":"One trip covers the first four weeks of sessions; later care continues at home."},"clinic_checks":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"C1","text":"Ask whether a fistula or graft can be used instead of a central line catheter","scope":"procedure","source":{"url":"https://www.cdc.gov/dialysis/patient/","host":"cdc.gov","quote":"Ask staff if you can use a fistula or graft for treatment if you have a central line 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