Hermes Clinics is a doctor-founded healthcare center in Istanbul, Turkey. It specializes in bariatric surgery, plastic surgery, and dental care. A team of physicians founded the clinic in 2019. The medical team has coordinated care for over 30,000 patients. Treatment is provided through licensed partner hospitals and clinics across Istanbul.
Weight-loss services include gastric sleeve, bypass, and balloon procedures. Dental patients receive full-mouth restorations such as All-on-4 and All-on-6 implants. The clinic holds ISO 9001 certification for its international processes. Oncology care includes stereotactic radiosurgery with Gamma Knife and CyberKnife. Patients also get lifelong aftercare support after weight-loss surgery.
","text_type":"short_description","agency_settings":[{"setting_name":"is_new","setting_value":"0"},{"setting_name":"kids_only","setting_value":"0"}],"reviews":[],"clinic":{"id":1169,"alias":"hermes-clinics","name":"Hermes Clinics (Hermes Clinics A.Ş.)","short_description":"Hermes Clinics is a doctor-founded healthcare center in Istanbul, Turkey. It specializes in bariatric surgery, plastic surgery, and dental care. A team of physicians founded the clinic in 2019. The medical team has coordinated care for over 30,000 patients. Treatment is provided through licensed partner hospitals and clinics across Istanbul.
Weight-loss services include gastric sleeve, bypass, and balloon procedures. Dental patients receive full-mouth restorations such as All-on-4 and All-on-6 implants. The clinic holds ISO 9001 certification for its international processes. Oncology care includes stereotactic radiosurgery with Gamma Knife and CyberKnife. Patients also get lifelong aftercare support after weight-loss surgery.
","images":[{"base_url":"clinic/6a78a873f2c62","title":"Modern waiting area at Hermes Clinics with comfortable seating and decor"},{"base_url":"clinic/6a78a875d529d","title":"Patient room at Hermes Clinics with hospital bed, TV, and modern furnishings"},{"base_url":"clinic/6a78a87791497","title":"Modern clinic lobby at Hermes Clinics with grand piano and stylish decor"},{"base_url":"clinic/6a78a87971c3a","title":"Modern glass facade of Medical Park clinic in Istanbul, Turkey"}],"flags":[{"name":"is_hide","value":false},{"name":"has_active_agencies","value":false}],"geo":{"country":{"name":"Turkey","id":46,"alias":"turkey","iso_code":"TR"},"city":{"name":"Ankara","id":386,"alias":"ankara"},"address":"FOLKART TIME, Kazım Dirik Mah Ankara Cad. 296 Sok. No:8 1.Blok K:3 Daire:306, 35080 Bornova/İzmir, Türkiye"},"rating":{"rating":4.5,"google":4.3,"percent_of_satisfied_clients":85},"statistics":{"number_of_reviews":20,"doctors_number":1,"year_foundation":2019},"accreditations":[{"logo":"https://s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/bookimed/accreditations/5cfa0ad8c533a.jpeg","name":"Joint Commission International ","country_code":"US"}],"agency_settings":[{"setting_name":"is_new","setting_value":"0"},{"setting_name":"kids_only","setting_value":"0"}]}},{"text":"Medeor Hospital is a multi-specialty center in Dubai and Abu Dhabi. It provides care across 35 medical departments for adults and children. Key specialties include cardiology, orthopedics, gastroenterology, and neurosurgery. The hospital has served the region for over 20 years. Its gastroenterology unit has performed over 4,000 therapeutic ERCP procedures. The medical team includes nearly 200 doctors. Pediatric care covers neonatal services and pediatric ophthalmology.
Medeor Hospital is accredited by Joint Commission International (JCI). It also holds recognitions from ESMO, ASCO, and Leading Hospitals. The orthopedic team uses regenerative medicine, including stem cell and PRP therapy. Dental specialists perform computer-guided implants with 3D CT imaging. The facility offers 24-hour emergency care and live interpretation in almost every language. The International Patients team arranges free airport transfers and visa invitation letters.
","text_type":"short_description","agency_settings":[{"setting_name":"is_new","setting_value":"0"},{"setting_name":"kids_only","setting_value":"0"}],"reviews":[],"clinic":{"id":3665,"alias":"medeor-24x7-dubai","name":"Medeor Hospital","short_description":"Medeor Hospital is a multi-specialty center in Dubai and Abu Dhabi. It provides care across 35 medical departments for adults and children. Key specialties include cardiology, orthopedics, gastroenterology, and neurosurgery. The hospital has served the region for over 20 years. Its gastroenterology unit has performed over 4,000 therapeutic ERCP procedures. The medical team includes nearly 200 doctors. Pediatric care covers neonatal services and pediatric ophthalmology.
Medeor Hospital is accredited by Joint Commission International (JCI). It also holds recognitions from ESMO, ASCO, and Leading Hospitals. The orthopedic team uses regenerative medicine, including stem cell and PRP therapy. Dental specialists perform computer-guided implants with 3D CT imaging. The facility offers 24-hour emergency care and live interpretation in almost every language. The International Patients team arranges free airport transfers and visa invitation letters.
","images":[{"base_url":"clinic/6a794d83a5d5c","title":"Clinic facade of Medeor Hospital in Dubai with main entrance signage"},{"base_url":"clinic/6a794d85412c7","title":"Medeor Hospital Abu Dhabi exterior and modern reception area"},{"base_url":"clinic/6a794d86a1a35","title":"Medeor Hospital Dubai exterior and modern reception area"},{"base_url":"clinic/6a794d883033a","title":"Pharmacy area at Medeor Hospital, modern interior with medicine shelves"}],"flags":[{"name":"is_hide","value":false},{"name":"has_active_agencies","value":false}],"geo":{"country":{"name":"United Arab Emirates","id":242,"alias":"united-arab-emirates","iso_code":"AE"},"city":{"name":"Zayed","id":2070,"alias":"zayed"},"address":"Consulates Area, Sheikh Khalifa Bin Zayed Road, Bur Dubai - Dubai - United Arab Emirates"},"rating":{"rating":5,"google":4.8,"percent_of_satisfied_clients":98},"statistics":{"number_of_reviews":1,"doctors_number":193,"year_foundation":2002},"accreditations":[{"logo":"https://s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/bookimed/accreditations/60d499a36ac19.jpeg","name":"World's Best Smart Hospitals 2021 by Newsweek","country_code":"US"},{"logo":"https://s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/bookimed/accreditations/5cfa0ad8c533a.jpeg","name":"Joint Commission International ","country_code":"US"},{"logo":"https://s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/bookimed/accreditations/5d1129badf6c5.jpeg","name":"European Society for Medical Oncology","country_code":"CH"},{"logo":"https://s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/bookimed/accreditations/5d88caba297f8.jpeg","name":"Fellow, American College of Surgeons","country_code":"US"},{"logo":"https://s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/bookimed/accreditations/61779fac22b09.jpeg","name":"Given to the doctor International Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery (ISAPS) Сertificate ","country_code":"US"},{"logo":"https://s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/bookimed/accreditations/5d88bd61a3cbb.jpeg","name":"American Society of Plastic Surgeons","country_code":"US"}],"agency_settings":[{"setting_name":"is_new","setting_value":"0"},{"setting_name":"kids_only","setting_value":"0"}]}},{"text":"Medipol Bahçelievler Hospital, a JCI-accredited facility with advanced dialysis technology, offers treatments that may cost around $200. Dr. Veysel Kidir, certified by the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and the European Renal Association - European Dialysis and Transplant Association, specializes in nephrology and dialysis, with extensive experience in managing complex renal cases and contributing to international research.
Medipol Bahçelievler University Hospital is a JCI-accredited facility and the second-largest hospital in the Medipol Health Group. It treats 600,000 patients each year with a focus on cardiology, oncology, and heart surgery.
Artemis Hospital offers dialysis treatment at its JCI-accredited facility – the only Haryana center licensed for renal transplants. The comprehensive package typically includes a 13-day hospital stay, two-bed ward accommodation, transfers, tests, and doctor consultations. With 500+ daily patients and over 1 million surgeries since 2007, this 350-doctor hospital pioneered Image Guided Radiation Therapy in India. Dr. Manju Aggarwal leads the nephrology department as Chief of Medical Services.
","text_type":"mt_wow_description","best_texts":{"techniques":"Dialysis","good_fit_for":"Chronic kidney disease patients","why_its_ranked":"JCI-accredited hospital with a dedicated transplant center and extensive experience in renal treatments. Offers dialysis as part of comprehensive kidney care programs."},"agency_settings":[{"setting_name":"is_new","setting_value":"0"},{"setting_name":"kids_only","setting_value":"0"}],"reviews":[],"clinic":{"id":72,"alias":"artemis-health-institute","name":"Artemis Hospitals","short_description":"Artemis Hospitals is a JCI and NABH accredited hospital with 11 Centers of Excellence. It has over 400 doctors across 40 specialties with over 1,000,000 surgeries since 2007. Best known for transplantology, oncology, and neurosciences.
Gangnam Severance Hospital is JCI-accredited, ensuring international healthcare standards for dialysis treatment. The procedure costs around $800–$1,100. Dr. Byoung Kwon Lee and Dr. Jae Yong Cho specialize in dialysis care within this multidisciplinary medical center.
Gangnam Severance Hospital is a JCI-accredited university hospital in Seoul's Gangnam district. It was the first in South Korea to perform a lung transplant. The hospital's core strengths are oncology, neurosurgery, neurology, cardiology, and comprehensive health check-ups.
Hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, and kidney transplantation are available at Ramkhamhaeng Hospital in Bangkok. Its dedicated Hemodialysis department has nurses who explain care and answer questions at every visit. The hospital is certified by the Thai Red Cross Society and belongs to its Organ Donation Center. It also holds AACI accreditation, with 24-hour emergency and patient transfer services available.
","text_type":"mt_wow_description","reviews":[],"clinic":{"id":8620,"alias":"ramkhamhaeng-hospital","name":"Ramkhamhaeng Hospital","short_description":"Ramkhamhaeng Hospital is a large private medical center in Bangkok, Thailand. It treats adults and children across all major specialties. Founded in February 1988, it started as a general hospital. Today, the facility has 486 inpatient beds on a 59,132 sqm site. It belongs to a larger group with over 6,900 registered beds.
Dedicated centers cover cardiology, neurology, and diabetic foot care. Specialized units include a Minimally Invasive Endoscopic ENT Surgery Center. During brain surgery, the neurosurgery team uses MRI fiber tractography to see nerve pathways. Cardiology services include remote heart rhythm monitoring and wearable Multiday Patch Holter diagnostics. Its team includes 21 doctors and emergency medicine specialists.
Ramkhamhaeng received the Caring Award from Muang Thai Life Assurance. Another honor is the Creativity and Innovation Silver Award. Emergency services run 24 hours a day, with ambulance standby and provincial patient transfers. For patient comfort, the facility offers halal-certified meals and a prayer room.
","images":[{"base_url":"clinic/6aacde09efd9f","title":"Modern exterior of Ramkhamhaeng Hospital in Bangkok, Thailand"},{"base_url":"clinic/6aacde0beecaa","title":"Modern clinic facade of Ramkhamhaeng Hospital in Bangkok, Thailand"},{"base_url":"clinic/6aacde0d90bf2","title":"Modern exterior of Ramkhamhaeng Hospital in Bangkok, Thailand"},{"base_url":"clinic/6aacde0f5e3e6","title":"Cardiac catheterization lab at Ramkhamhaeng Hospital, Bangkok with advanced imaging equipment"}],"flags":[{"name":"is_hide","value":false},{"name":"is_created_by_parser","value":true}],"geo":{"country":{"name":"Thailand","id":45,"alias":"thailand","iso_code":"TH"},"city":{"name":"Bangkok","id":75,"alias":"bangkok"},"address":"436 Ramkhamhaeng Hospital, Rd.Ramkhamhaeng, Huamak, Bangkapi 10240 Thailand"},"rating":{"rating":0,"google":4.7,"percent_of_satisfied_clients":0},"statistics":{"number_of_reviews":0,"doctors_number":21,"year_foundation":1988},"accreditations":[]}},{"text":"Apollo Hospital Indraprastha is part of the largest medical network in South Asia, with 64 hospitals in 9 countries. It is JCI-accredited and won the Newsweek World's Best Hospitals award. Core specialties are organ transplantation, cardiology, oncology, neurosciences, and gastroenterology.
Apollo Hospital Indraprastha is part of the largest medical network in South Asia, with 64 hospitals in 9 countries. It is JCI-accredited and won the Newsweek World's Best Hospitals award. Core specialties are organ transplantation, cardiology, oncology, neurosciences, and gastroenterology.
BLK Super Speciality Hospital is a JCI-accredited multi-specialty center and one of India's largest hospitals. It has Asia's largest bone marrow transplant unit and a top-ranked cancer center. Core specialties include bone marrow transplant, cancer care, bariatric surgery, and cardiology.
BLK Super Speciality Hospital is a JCI-accredited multi-specialty center and one of India's largest hospitals. It has Asia's largest bone marrow transplant unit and a top-ranked cancer center. Core specialties include bone marrow transplant, cancer care, bariatric surgery, and cardiology.
Prof. Sebastian Melchior, Medical Director of Urology and Nephrology at Bremen-Mitte, specializes in dialysis with _doctor_668_years_ of experience. He trained at Harvard and authored 10 scientific publications. Dialysis may cost around $800–$1,100. The hospital is ranked among Germany's top medical institutions by Focus magazine.
Bremen-Mitte Clinic is part of Gesundheit Nord, the largest medical group in Northern Germany. It focuses on oncology, orthopedics, neurology, and neurosurgery. The clinic treats 40,000 patients each year and ranks among Germany's top hospitals.
SALUSS Medical Group offers dialysis sessions starting from $200, with a $300 package including specialist consultation, blood tests, and transfers. The clinic is certified by the Turkish Medical Association and maintains a 4.7/5 rating from patient reviews. Multiple locations in Antalya and Istanbul provide tourist-friendly services with 24/7 international support.
","text_type":"mt_wow_description","best_texts":{"techniques":"Hemodialysis","good_fit_for":"Patients needing dialysis sessions","why_its_ranked":"Offers hemodialysis with pre-treatment blood report review. Clinic has a 4.7 rating from 47 reviews and provides 24/7 patient support."},"agency_settings":[{"setting_name":"is_new","setting_value":"0"},{"setting_name":"kids_only","setting_value":"0"}],"reviews":[],"clinic":{"id":397,"alias":"saluss-hair-transplantation-clinic","name":"SALUSS Medical Group","short_description":"SALUSS Medical Group has locations in Istanbul and Antalya, Turkey. Since 2001, it has treated patients from 52 countries across five continents. The clinic offers over 20 treatments across 10 specialties, with hair transplants, aesthetic surgeries, and dental care as its core strengths.
Memorial Şişli Hospital reports a 90% success rate for living donor kidney transplants and offers robotic nephrectomy procedures. The JCI-accredited nephrology department combines transplantation expertise with minimally invasive techniques.
Memorial Şişli Hospital in Istanbul is one of Turkey’s leading multidisciplinary medical centers, operating on a 53,000 m² area with 252 beds, 13 operating rooms, and advanced intensive care units. Opened in 2000, it became the first hospital in Turkey and the 21st worldwide to earn Joint Commission International (JCI) accreditation, confirming world-class standards.
\n\nThe hospital is recognized for its expertise in oncology, organ and bone marrow transplantation (90% organ transplant success rate), IVF, neurosurgery, bariatric surgery, robotic surgery, and genetics. Equipped with cutting-edge technology and specialized centers, Memorial Şişli attracts patients from 167 countries each year, combining top-level medical care with Istanbul’s unique cultural and travel opportunities.
\n","images":[{"base_url":"clinic/634ffae9b76cd","title":"Memorial Şişli Hospital modern clinic building in Istanbul, Turkey"},{"base_url":"clinic/5ba3aa9d874b8","title":"Patient room at Memorial Şişli Hospital, Istanbul with modern furnishings and TV"},{"base_url":"clinic/5ba3aa9ebbdf9","title":"Patient room and lounge area at Memorial Şişli Hospital, Istanbul"},{"base_url":"clinic/634ffa7dd8799","title":"Reception desk at Memorial Şişli Hospital with modern decor in Istanbul"}],"flags":[{"name":"is_hide","value":false},{"name":"has_active_agencies","value":true}],"geo":{"country":{"name":"Turkey","id":46,"alias":"turkey","iso_code":"TR"},"city":{"name":"Istanbul","id":107,"alias":"istanbul"},"address":"Kaptan Paşa Mah, Halit Ziya Türkkan Sok Famas Plaza No:19 D:C, 34385 Şişli/İstanbul, Turkey"},"rating":{"rating":4.6,"google":4.7,"percent_of_satisfied_clients":87},"statistics":{"number_of_reviews":437,"doctors_number":189,"year_foundation":2000},"accreditations":[{"logo":"https://s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/bookimed/accreditations/5db982e01da4b.jpeg","name":"International Organization for Standardization","country_code":"CH"},{"logo":"https://s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/bookimed/accreditations/5cfa0ad8c533a.jpeg","name":"Joint Commission International ","country_code":"US"}],"agency_settings":[{"setting_name":"is_new","setting_value":"0"},{"setting_name":"kids_only","setting_value":"0"}]}}},{"card":{"text":"Liv Bona Dea Hospital Baku is JCI-accredited and offers kidney transplants, nephrectomies, and dialysis services in its Nephrology department.
Liv Bona Dea Hospital Baku is a JCI-accredited hospital with 100% compliance. It is part of the Turkish Liv Hospital brand. The hospital specializes in heart surgery, plastic surgery, transplantology, and medical check-ups.
Dr. Kidir specializes in nephrology with extensive research on dialysis complications and treatments. He works at Medipol Bahçelievler Hospital.
Dr. Veysel Kidir is a nephrologist at Medipol Bahçelievler University Hospital in Istanbul. He is certified by the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists. He also holds certification from the European Renal Association. Dr. Kidir treats complex kidney conditions and manages dialysis therapies.
Medipol Bahçelievler University Hospital is a JCI-accredited facility and the second-largest hospital in the Medipol Health Group. It treats 600,000 patients each year with a focus on cardiology, oncology, and heart surgery.
Dr. Akgun specializes in pediatric nephrology, bringing expertise from prestigious institutions like University of Toronto SickKids Hospital.
Dr. Cihangir Akgun is a pediatric nephrologist at Medipol Bahçelievler University Hospital in Istanbul. He completed specialized training at the University of Toronto SickKids Hospital. Dr. Akgun treats complex kidney conditions in children using dialysis and medical therapy. He practices at a JCI-accredited facility known for its neonatal and pediatric care infrastructure.
Medipol Bahçelievler University Hospital is a JCI-accredited facility and the second-largest hospital in the Medipol Health Group. It treats 600,000 patients each year with a focus on cardiology, oncology, and heart surgery.
Dr. Sebastian Melchior is the chief physician and head of the Urology and Nephrology Clinic at Bremen-Mitte. He specializes in robot-assisted surgery for genitourinary tumors. He holds a professorship in urology and has published over 10 scientific papers. Dr. Melchior was named one of Germany's best urologists by Focus magazine.
Bremen-Mitte Clinic is part of Gesundheit Nord, the largest medical group in Northern Germany. It focuses on oncology, orthopedics, neurology, and neurosurgery. The clinic treats 40,000 patients each year and ranks among Germany's top hospitals.
Gangnam Severance Hospital is a JCI-accredited university hospital in Seoul's Gangnam district. It was the first in South Korea to perform a lung transplant. The hospital's core strengths are oncology, neurosurgery, neurology, cardiology, and comprehensive health check-ups.
Hemodialysis sessions are personalized by duration, ranging from 2 to over 4 hours. Dr. Farhad Shirinov, a nephrologist, provides care at the Liv Bona Dea Hospital Baku, part of the established Liv Hospital Group. The initial consultation and treatment start at approximately _offer_price_, requiring recent blood tests for assessment. The clinic's International Patients Services offers free airport transfers and language interpretation for a seamless experience.
","clinic_entity_text":"Liv Bona Dea Hospital Baku provides JCI-accredited dialysis services with flexible session durations. Hemodialysis may cost around $300–600 depending on treatment time, typically including the session, doctor consultation, airport transfers, and interpretation services. The hospital is part of the respected Liv Hospital Group with modern dialysis technology. Nephrologist Farhad Shirinov oversees treatments with transparent pricing and personalized care plans.
","package_price":600,"actual_price":600,"calculated_price":{"from":0,"to":0},"currency":{"code":"USD","symbol":"$","name":"Доллар","rate":1},"doctors":[{"id":5045,"name":"Farhad Shirinov","alias":"farhad-shirinov","photo":"doctor/6392bcdabce26","first_year_working":2003,"specialities":[{"id":"nph.001","name":"Nephrologist","illness_kind_id":24}],"statistics":{"review_count":0,"review_score":0}}],"clinic":{"id":3325,"alias":"liv-bona-dea-hospital-baku","name":"Liv Bona Dea Hospital Baku","short_description":"Liv Bona Dea Hospital Baku is a JCI-accredited hospital with 100% compliance. It is part of the Turkish Liv Hospital brand. The hospital specializes in heart surgery, plastic surgery, transplantology, and medical check-ups.
This package offers a range of dialysis modalities – bicarbonate, HDF online, and AFB-K with biocompatible membranes – for tailored treatment at about _offer_price_. The fee includes a required consultation with a nephrologist before starting sessions. Dr. Maria Doria provides care at the San Donato Hospital, an IRCCS Scientific Institute for Research and Healthcare. This research-driven facility in Milan is recognized among World's Best Hospitals and schedules sessions on patient-requested dates.
","clinic_entity_text":"IRCCS-accredited Policlinico San Donato Hospital offers dialysis at around $610 per session, including the procedure, erythropoiesis support, and anticoagulation. The clinic is recognized among World's Best Hospitals and maintains a 4.8/5 patient rating. Dr. Maria Doria specializes in dialysis therapy and chronic kidney disease management, providing personalized treatment plans. Initial consultation costs $240 before starting sessions.
","package_price":576,"actual_price":576,"calculated_price":{"from":0,"to":0},"special_price":{"expires":"2032-06-04T22:13:20.000+00:00","price_usd":0},"currency":{"code":"USD","symbol":"$","name":"Доллар","rate":1},"doctors":[{"id":7645,"name":"Maria Doria","alias":"maria-doria","photo":"doctor/663b4d6ac9c27","first_year_working":2001,"short_description":"Dr. Maria Doria directs the Nephrology and Dialysis Unit at San Donato Hospital in Milan. She oversees a unit that performs approximately 11,000 dialysis treatments every year. Dr. Doria specialize in clinical nephrology with a focus on conservative and pre-dialysis therapies. She works at a facility ranked among the World's Best Hospitals by Newsweek.
San Donato Hospital is an IRCCS-accredited cardiology and cardiac surgery center. It performs over 9,400 heart and blood vessel operations each year – the most in Italy. Core specialties include cardiology, cardiac surgery, arrhythmology, and rehabilitation.
This therapy helps purify blood when kidneys can\"t, using a machine to remove toxins and manage water balance.
"}}},"operationIndicators":{"details":{"anesthesia":"local","days_in_clinic":3,"days_in_country":10,"rehabilitation_days":1,"satisfied_percent":78,"treatment_duration_hours":4},"illness_kind_details":{"requests_processed":2332}},"responsibleDoctor":{"id":7253,"alias":"gokhan-temiz","name":"Gokhan Temiz","photo":"doctor/65cc977a0034c","advisory_text":"Prof. Dr. Gökhan Temiz is a nephrologist specializing in kidney transplantation, dialysis, and glomerular diseases. He has published more than 60 scientific articles and is a member of the European Renal Association (ERA-EDTA).","linkedin":"https://www.linkedin.com/in/gökhan-temiz-4b02a9153/","specialities":[{"id":"nph.001","name":"Nephrologist","illness_kind_id":24}]},"direction":{"id":24,"name":"Nephrology","alias":"nephrology"},"illness_kind":{"id":24,"name":{"en":"Nephrology"}},"parsed_details":{"procedure_type":"therapy","fields":{"anesthesia":["none"],"back_to_work_days":{"min":0,"max":1,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Established patients can do desk work on non-dialysis days or the day after. New patients may need longer."},"complication_rate_pct":{"min":20,"max":40,"unit":"percent","qualifier":"Any session-related complication, mainly intradialytic hypotension and cramps; serious events such as access infection or bleeding are under 5%."},"contraindications":["No feasible vascular access for hemodialysis","Severe hemodynamic instability","Uncontrolled active bleeding or heparin contraindication","Severe allergy to dialyzer components"],"days_in_clinic":{"min":0,"max":0,"unit":"nights","qualifier":"Typical maintenance in-center hemodialysis session; no overnight stay. Acute kidney injury in hospital is a different scenario."},"diagnostic_duration_minutes":null,"diagnostic_preparation":null,"diagnostic_referral_needed":null,"diagnostic_result_time_hours":null,"exercise_resume_weeks":{"min":0,"max":2,"unit":"weeks","qualifier":"Light activity is fine early. Strenuous sport needs clearance; access arm restricted after new fistula surgery."},"final_result_months":{"min":1,"max":3,"unit":"months","qualifier":"Symptom relief starts in early sessions; stable dry weight, blood pressure and clearance take months. Not a cure."},"fly_home_after_days":{"min":14,"max":28,"unit":"days","qualifier":"After initial sessions and stable dry weight; next sessions booked near home."},"follow_up_visits":[{"purpose":"assessment","requirement":"conditional","after":{"min":14,"max":42,"unit":"days","qualifier":"At home dialysis unit; early review of dry weight, blood pressure and prescription"}},{"purpose":"result_review","requirement":"conditional","after":{"min":28,"max":90,"unit":"days","qualifier":"At home dialysis unit, about monthly; blood tests and adequacy (Kt/V or URR)"}}],"indications":["End-stage kidney disease (kidney failure)","Severe acute kidney injury with hyperkalemia, acidosis or overload","Certain dialyzable poisonings or drug overdoses","Symptomatic uremia (e.g., pericarditis, encephalopathy, nausea) with advanced kidney failure","Refractory volume overload or uncontrolled hypertension due to kidney failure","Severe acidosis or electrolyte abnormalities unresponsive to medication"],"main_risks":["Low blood pressure during or after sessions","Muscle cramps, nausea, headache","Vascular access problems: infection, clotting, stenosis","Bleeding at needle sites","Fatigue and post-dialysis tiredness","Electrolyte or fluid imbalance","Cardiovascular events","Rare air embolism or allergic reaction to the dialyzer","Long-term: anemia, bone-mineral disorders, amyloidosis","Blood-borne infections, including bloodstream infection from a central venous catheter"],"pain":"Mild discomfort from needle insertion into the fistula or graft; the session itself is usually painless, though cramps may occur.","preparation":["Nephrology assessment and confirmation of the dialysis plan","Vascular access (fistula/graft) creation or dialysis catheter placement","Baseline blood tests and infection screening (hepatitis B/C, HIV)","Dietary and fluid guidance from a renal dietitian","Review of current medicines with the dialysis team","Weight and blood pressure check before each session","Shared choice of hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis, with patient education","Dialysis prescription planning (dry weight, duration, dialysate, anticoagulation)"],"recovery_timeline":[{"phase":"During session (about 3-5 hours)","description":"Blood is circulated through a dialyzer to remove waste and excess fluid while vital signs are monitored.","restrictions":["Limited movement of the access arm"]},{"phase":"Immediately after session","description":"Needles are removed and pressure applied to stop bleeding; blood pressure and weight are checked. Fatigue is common.","restrictions":["No heavy lifting or access-arm pressure for hours","Avoid driving if dizzy"]},{"phase":"Between sessions","description":"Usual activities resume as energy allows, with fluid and diet restrictions and the next session usually 1-2 days later.","restrictions":["Follow fluid, potassium and phosphate guidance","Protect the access site"]},{"phase":"At any time","description":"Seek urgent care for access bleeding, fever, redness or pus, lost fistula thrill, chest pain, breathlessness or fainting. Never miss dialysis.","restrictions":[]}],"rehabilitation_days":{"min":0,"max":1,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Post-dialysis tiredness usually resolves within hours to the next day; daily activities resume between sessions."},"result_longevity":"Hemodialysis replaces kidney function only while treatment continues, typically three sessions weekly. It continues unless transplant, kidney recovery or a change in care goals occurs.","revision_rate_pct":{"min":10,"max":30,"unit":"percent","qualifier":"Vascular access needing intervention or replacement (stenosis, thrombosis) within first year; fistulas lower than grafts or catheters."},"scars":"Dialysis itself leaves no scar. Fistula or graft surgery leaves a small arm scar; tunneled catheters leave small neck or chest scars; needle marks may show over the fistula.","sessions_or_stages":{"sessions":{"min":12,"max":13,"unit":"visits","qualifier":"First four weeks at about 3 sessions per week."},"stages":[{"code":"initiation","label":"Initiation: first sessions, often shorter or gentler; provisional dry weight","after":{"min":0,"max":7,"unit":"days","qualifier":"From the first session"}},{"code":"stabilization","label":"Stabilization: adjust dry weight, session length, dialysate and therapies; first adequacy check","after":{"min":14,"max":84,"unit":"days","qualifier":"From the first session"}},{"code":"maintenance","label":"Ongoing maintenance: usually 3 sessions weekly of 3-5 hours, with regular monitoring","after":{"min":28,"max":90,"unit":"days","qualifier":"From the first session; no fixed end"}}],"qualifier":"Open-ended maintenance with no cure; session counts cover only the first weeks."},"success":{"metric":"All-cause survival of adults starting maintenance in-center hemodialysis","value":40,"unit":"percent","horizon":"5 years after starting dialysis","population":"Incident adults with kidney failure on maintenance dialysis; varies widely with age and comorbidity.","evidence_status":"limited"},"techniques":[{"name":"In-center hemodialysis","suits_whom":"Most medically stable adults with kidney failure and established access; typically 3 sessions weekly of 3-5 hours","recovery":"Tiredness for some hours after sessions; usual activities between sessions"},{"name":"Home hemodialysis","suits_whom":"Trained patients with a suitable home setup and a care partner if needed","recovery":"Shorter, more frequent sessions are possible; recovery is often quicker"},{"name":"Peritoneal dialysis","suits_whom":"Patients preferring home therapy with an intact peritoneal cavity","recovery":"Daily exchanges at home; no post-session recovery 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