Dr. Guilherme Cravo – Plastic Surgery is a specialized clinic in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. It focuses on facial rejuvenation, body contouring, and reconstructive procedures. The practice treats adults and offers otoplasty for children from age six. Dr. Guilherme Cravo founded the clinic in 2021. He trained at the school of Professor Ivo Pitanguy.
The medical team includes three doctors. They perform facelifts, rhinoplasty, and liposuction. Fat grafting is used to restore facial fullness and soften wrinkles. Reconstructive services cover skin tumors, burns, and scarring. The clinic holds accreditations from the SBCP and ISAPS, which set safety and ethics standards in plastic surgery.
","text_type":"short_description","reviews":[],"clinic":{"id":8984,"alias":"dr-guilherme-cravo-plastic-surgery","name":"Dr. Guilherme Cravo – plastic surgery","short_description":"Dr. Guilherme Cravo – Plastic Surgery is a specialized clinic in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. It focuses on facial rejuvenation, body contouring, and reconstructive procedures. The practice treats adults and offers otoplasty for children from age six. Dr. Guilherme Cravo founded the clinic in 2021. He trained at the school of Professor Ivo Pitanguy.
The medical team includes three doctors. They perform facelifts, rhinoplasty, and liposuction. Fat grafting is used to restore facial fullness and soften wrinkles. Reconstructive services cover skin tumors, burns, and scarring. The clinic holds accreditations from the SBCP and ISAPS, which set safety and ethics standards in plastic surgery.
","images":[{"base_url":"clinic/6ae0a21ea2675","title":"Entrance sign for Dr. Guilherme Cravo plastic surgery clinic"}],"flags":[{"name":"is_hide","value":false},{"name":"is_created_by_parser","value":true}],"geo":{"country":{"name":"Brazil","id":31,"alias":"brazil","iso_code":"BR"},"city":{"name":"Rio de Janeiro","id":2518,"alias":"rio-de-janeiro"},"address":"Edificio Top Center - R. Visc. de Pirajá, 550 - 1014 - Ipanema, Rio de Janeiro - RJ, 22410-002, Brazil"},"rating":{"rating":0,"google":4.3,"percent_of_satisfied_clients":0},"statistics":{"number_of_reviews":0,"doctors_number":3,"year_foundation":2021},"accreditations":[{"logo":"https://s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/bookimed/accreditations/61779fac22b09.jpeg","name":"Given to the doctor International Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery (ISAPS) Сertificate ","country_code":"US"}]}},{"text":"Dr. George Soares served as chief of the surgical center at Ivo Pitanguy Clinic from 1989 to 2002. He is a titular member of the Brazilian Society of Plastic Surgery. Treatment is planned directly with Dr. Soares, with local anesthesia or sedation and no overnight hospital stay. The outpatient procedure takes about one hour, and recovery typically takes three to four weeks. The techniques described preserve breastfeeding ability and local sensitivity.
","text_type":"mt_wow_description","best_texts":{"why_its_ranked":"Preserves breastfeeding and sensitivity. Surgeon is a titular member of Brazilian Society of Plastic Surgery and former chief at Ivo Pitanguy Clinic."},"reviews":[],"clinic":{"id":9001,"alias":"dr-george-soares-clinic-do-dr-george-soares","name":"Dr. George Soares (clinic do Dr. George Soares)","short_description":"Dr. George Soares leads a private plastic surgery clinic in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The practice specializes in aesthetic and reconstructive surgery for the face, body, and breasts. Key procedures include facial lifting, rhinoplasty, and ear reconstruction for microtia. Dr. Soares was chief of a surgical center at Clinic Ivo Pitanguy from 1989 to 2002.
The practice handles both cosmetic goals and reparative needs like tumor-related tissue loss. Dr. Soares is a titular member of the Brazilian Society of Plastic Surgery. He finished his medical training in 1983 and two surgical residencies. For body contouring, the clinic offers classic, mini, and inverted abdominoplasty. International patients get individual planning coordinated by the surgeon.
","images":[{"base_url":"clinic/6adfe4eea05e0","title":"Reception area at Dr. George Soares Clinic with wooden desk and red accent wall"},{"base_url":"clinic/6adfe4f033d8e","title":"Doctor's office at Dr. George Soares Clinic with colorful chairs and art decor"},{"base_url":"clinic/6adfe4f1d08d8","title":"Elegant waiting room at Dr. George Soares Clinic with vintage furniture and decor"},{"base_url":"clinic/6adfe4f3671f8","title":"Treatment room with modern medical chair at Dr. George Soares Clinic"}],"flags":[{"name":"is_hide","value":false},{"name":"is_created_by_parser","value":true}],"geo":{"country":{"name":"Brazil","id":31,"alias":"brazil","iso_code":"BR"},"city":{"name":"Rio de Janeiro","id":2518,"alias":"rio-de-janeiro"},"address":"Av. Olegário Maciel, 414, Sala 303, Barra da Tijuca – Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"},"rating":{"rating":0,"google":5,"percent_of_satisfied_clients":0},"statistics":{"number_of_reviews":0,"doctors_number":1},"accreditations":[]}},{"text":"Davinci Plastic Surgery has AAAHC-accredited operating rooms in its outpatient surgical suite. The clinic highlights very small incisions designed to keep signs of surgery subtle, and puffy areolas can be addressed in the same session. Most patients return to normal activities after a few days, with an in-office follow-up to discuss recovery. Virtual consultations are available through FaceTime and Skype, with services in English and Spanish.
","text_type":"mt_wow_description","best_texts":{"techniques":"Areola reduction, nipple reduction combined with breast lift or breast augmentation","why_its_ranked":"Puffy areola reshaped in the same surgery. Can combine with breast lift or augmentation. Surgeon triple board-certified in plastic, facial plastic and otolaryngology."},"reviews":[],"clinic":{"id":9627,"alias":"davinci-plastic-surgery","name":"Davinci Plastic Surgery","short_description":"Davinci Plastic Surgery is a specialized practice in Washington, D.C. The clinic focuses on aesthetic and reconstructive plastic surgery. Key areas include facial rejuvenation, breast reconstruction, and body contouring. The office surgical suite has 10 exam rooms and two operating rooms. Both operating rooms hold AAAHC accreditation for outpatient safety.
Dr. Steven Davison and Dr. Ximena Pinell lead the medical team. Dr. Davison is triple board-certified in plastic and facial surgery. He has authored over 100 clinical papers. Dr. Pinell is double board-certified and trained at Emory University. The team uses Vectra 3D imaging for surgical planning. They also apply the Keller Funnel no-touch technique for breast safety.
The practice treats a diverse group of international patients. Virtual consultations are available via FaceTime and Skype. The surgeons perform complex revisions for rhinoplasty and breast procedures. Non-surgical options include BOTOX and the full range of Juvéderm fillers. Most surgical patients return to work within one week.
","images":[{"base_url":"clinic/6ae2f5778654e","title":"Modern operating room at Davinci Plastic Surgery with surgical lights and equipment"},{"base_url":"clinic/6ae2f57918478","title":"Patient recovery room with two hospital beds at Davinci Plastic Surgery clinic"},{"base_url":"clinic/6ae2f57aa7990","title":"Modern operating room at Davinci Plastic Surgery with surgical lights and equipment"},{"base_url":"clinic/6ae2f57c500af","title":"Consultation room with exam chair at Davinci Plastic Surgery clinic"}],"flags":[{"name":"is_hide","value":false},{"name":"is_created_by_parser","value":true}],"geo":{"country":{"name":"United States of America","id":44,"alias":"united-states","iso_code":"US"},"city":{"name":"Washington","id":1715,"alias":"washington"},"address":"3050 K St. NW Suite 170, Washington D.C., DC 20007, United States"},"rating":{"rating":0,"google":4.8,"percent_of_satisfied_clients":0},"statistics":{"number_of_reviews":0,"doctors_number":2},"accreditations":[]}},{"text":"Dr. Nicolás Ferrer is a plastic surgery center in Bogotá, Colombia. The practice focuses on aesthetic and reconstructive breast surgery and body contouring. Dr. Ferrer has performed over 5,000 successful surgeries. He has more than 10 years of experience in the field. The center offers specialized care for breast implant removal and reconstruction. Other key services include VASER liposuction, abdominoplasty, and facial rejuvenation.
The clinic uses Plexr plasma technology for non-surgical facial treatments. Dr. Ferrer is a member of the International Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery. He also holds ISO 9001 certification for quality management. The practice treats international patients, including those from Switzerland. Every treatment begins with a personalized medical assessment.
","text_type":"short_description","reviews":[],"clinic":{"id":9649,"alias":"dr-nicolas-ferrer-cirujano-plastico-y-estetico","name":"Dr. Nicolás Ferrer – Cirujano Plástico y Estético","short_description":"Dr. Nicolás Ferrer is a plastic surgery center in Bogotá, Colombia. The practice focuses on aesthetic and reconstructive breast surgery and body contouring. Dr. Ferrer has performed over 5,000 successful surgeries. He has more than 10 years of experience in the field. The center offers specialized care for breast implant removal and reconstruction. Other key services include VASER liposuction, abdominoplasty, and facial rejuvenation.
The clinic uses Plexr plasma technology for non-surgical facial treatments. Dr. Ferrer is a member of the International Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery. He also holds ISO 9001 certification for quality management. The practice treats international patients, including those from Switzerland. Every treatment begins with a personalized medical assessment.
","images":[{"base_url":"clinic/6ae311c6bf3c2","title":"Waiting area at Dr. Nicolás Ferrer clinic with modern seating and decor"},{"base_url":"clinic/6ae311c877fc1","title":"Plastic surgeon at Dr. Nicolás Ferrer clinic with medical presentation in background"},{"base_url":"clinic/6ae311ca4349d","title":"Modern operating room at Dr. Nicolás Ferrer clinic with advanced surgical equipment"},{"base_url":"clinic/6ae311cbc0d14","title":"Patient recovery room at Dr. Nicolás Ferrer Clinic with modern hospital beds and monitors"}],"flags":[{"name":"is_hide","value":false},{"name":"is_created_by_parser","value":true}],"geo":{"country":{"name":"Colombia","id":204,"alias":"colombia","iso_code":"CO"},"city":{"name":"Bogota","id":2521,"alias":"bogota"},"address":"Cra 16 N 88 - 81 Edificio 9016 - Consultorio 702, Bogotá, Colombia"},"rating":{"rating":0,"google":5,"percent_of_satisfied_clients":0},"statistics":{"number_of_reviews":0,"doctors_number":1},"accreditations":[{"logo":"https://s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/bookimed/accreditations/61779fac22b09.jpeg","name":"Given to the doctor International Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery (ISAPS) Сertificate ","country_code":"US"},{"logo":"https://s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/bookimed/accreditations/6841934325139.jpeg","name":"ISO 9001:2015 Quality management systems"}]}},{"text":"Renovium Clinic is a TPRECD-member plastic surgery center in Nicosia, Northern Cyprus. Led by Dr. Cem Cerkez, it offers aesthetic and reconstructive procedures for international patients from Europe, the US, and beyond.
Renovium Clinic is a TPRECD-member plastic surgery center in Nicosia, Northern Cyprus. Led by Dr. Cem Cerkez, it offers aesthetic and reconstructive procedures for international patients from Europe, the US, and beyond.
Dr. Moisés Wolfenson is a plastic surgery practice in Recife, Brazil. The clinic focuses on plastic surgery, aesthetic medicine, and cosmetology. Key procedures include rhinoplasty, breast augmentation, and high-definition liposuction. The medical director is the President of the Sociedade Brasileira de Laser. Dr. Wolfenson trained in Paris and completed postgraduate courses in the USA, Mexico, and Argentina.
The practice uses laser technology for body contouring and skin renewal. Eyelid surgery and facial fillers are also main service areas. Patients receive coordinated support before, during, and after their procedures. International patients get premium care with dedicated guidance. The practice holds CRMPE and RQE certifications in Brazil.
","text_type":"short_description","reviews":[],"clinic":{"id":9088,"alias":"dr-moises-wolfenson","name":"Dr. Moisés Wolfenson","short_description":"Dr. Moisés Wolfenson is a plastic surgery practice in Recife, Brazil. The clinic focuses on plastic surgery, aesthetic medicine, and cosmetology. Key procedures include rhinoplasty, breast augmentation, and high-definition liposuction. The medical director is the President of the Sociedade Brasileira de Laser. Dr. Wolfenson trained in Paris and completed postgraduate courses in the USA, Mexico, and Argentina.
The practice uses laser technology for body contouring and skin renewal. Eyelid surgery and facial fillers are also main service areas. Patients receive coordinated support before, during, and after their procedures. International patients get premium care with dedicated guidance. The practice holds CRMPE and RQE certifications in Brazil.
","images":[{"base_url":"clinic/6ae0c35104c6e","title":"Waiting room at Dr. Moisés Wolfenson clinic with modern decor and comfortable seating"},{"base_url":"clinic/6ae0c352aa173","title":"Reception area at Dr. Moisés Wolfenson clinic with modern decor and seating"},{"base_url":"clinic/6ae0c3543be4a","title":"Doctor's office at Dr. Moisés Wolfenson clinic with modern decor and art pieces"}],"flags":[{"name":"is_hide","value":false},{"name":"is_created_by_parser","value":true}],"geo":{"country":{"name":"Brazil","id":31,"alias":"brazil","iso_code":"BR"},"city":{"name":"Recife","id":2856,"alias":"recife"},"address":"R. Barão de Souza Leão, 425 - Sl 801 - Boa Viagem, Recife - PE, 51030-300, Brazil"},"rating":{"rating":0,"google":4.9,"percent_of_satisfied_clients":0},"statistics":{"number_of_reviews":0,"doctors_number":1},"accreditations":[]}},{"text":"Private Koru Ankara Hospital is a JCI-accredited multi-specialty hospital in Ankara. It treats 350,000 patients annually. Main specialties include urology, gynecology, plastic surgery, and weight loss surgery.
Private Koru Ankara Hospital is a JCI-accredited multi-specialty hospital in Ankara. It treats 350,000 patients annually. Main specialties include urology, gynecology, plastic surgery, and weight loss surgery.
Ento Surgical Medical Center specializes in nipple reduction procedures, offering expert care in a multi-specialty setting. The clinic handles over 3,200 patients annually, with a focus on ENT and plastic surgery. Dr. Denizhan Özkaya, with _doctor_8255_years_ of experience, co-founded the center and brings extensive expertise in facial plastic surgery.
Ento Surgical Medical Center is a private multi-specialty clinic in İzmir with over 23 years of experience. It specializes in ENT, dental treatment, plastic surgery, and maxillofacial surgery. The clinic reports high success rates in cochlear implants and rhinoplasty.
TravelMEDI Clinic is an MTQA-accredited medical center in Istanbul for plastic surgery and hair transplants. Specialists have performed over 5,000 hair transplants and over 4,000 plastic surgery procedures. Weight loss surgery and comprehensive international patient packages are also available.
TravelMEDI Clinic is an MTQA-accredited medical center in Istanbul for plastic surgery and hair transplants. Specialists have performed over 5,000 hair transplants and over 4,000 plastic surgery procedures. Weight loss surgery and comprehensive international patient packages are also available.
Dr. Allan Ceballos specializes in nipple reduction at his Guadalajara practice, accredited by multiple plastic surgery associations. The clinic serves international patients with tailored cosmetic procedures.
Dr. Allan Ceballos Plastic Surgery is an ISO and ISAPS-accredited clinic in Guadalajara. The lead surgeon is a professor at Guadalajara Lamar University. It focuses on cosmetic and reconstructive plastic surgery.
Dr. Thanongsak Panyawirunroj brings 25 years of rhinoplasty expertise with 10,000+ procedures performed. Premium scar-free rhinoplasty may cost around $2,200 – typically covering the procedure, pre-op tests, medications, and 6 months follow-up. The JCI-accredited Asia Cosmetic Hospital holds a Best Regional Hospital award. Dr. Thanongsak is a member of ISAPS and the Association of Plastic Surgeons of Thailand.
","text_type":"mt_wow_description","best_texts":{"techniques":"Tip rhinoplasty, closed rhinoplasty, open rhinoplasty, nasal hump removal, filler rhinoplasty","good_fit_for":"Patients seeking comprehensive rhinoplasty techniques","why_its_ranked":"Clinic offers multiple rhinoplasty techniques with JCI accreditation and experienced surgeons. Doctors have specialized training in rhinoplasty, including international fellowships."},"additional_data":{"advertising_id":"3410:illness_kind:38"},"agency_settings":[{"setting_name":"is_new","setting_value":"0"},{"setting_name":"kids_only","setting_value":"0"}],"procedure_prices":[{"prices":{"price_from":1400,"price_to":4650,"currency":"USD","id":42838},"operation":{"id":22,"name":"Rhinoplasty (nose job)","alias":"rhinoplasty-nose-job"}}],"reviews":[],"clinic":{"id":3410,"alias":"asia-cosmetic-hospital","name":"Asia Cosmetic Hospital","short_description":"Asia Cosmetic Hospital is a JCI-accredited facility in Bangkok specializing in cosmetic plastic surgery and bariatric surgery. It holds ISO certification, Hospital Accreditation, and a 0% rate of post-surgery complications.
Somchai Clinic has served 10,000+ patients annually since its founding over 20 years ago. Dr. Somchai Chiewcharnvej and Dr. Siriporn Chiewcharnvej both attended the Asia Pacific Rhinoplasty Expert Forum in Seoul to refine their techniques. Rhinoplasty at the clinic may cost around $200, which typically includes a free initial consultation. Surgeons offer customizable options like ear cartilage grafts or artificial tissue implants. The clinic operates two branches in Bangkok, including a 24-hour location for flexible patient care.
","text_type":"mt_wow_description","best_texts":{"techniques":"Alar base reduction, ear cartilage graft, artificial tissue implant","why_its_ranked":"Surgeons trained at the Asia Pacific Rhinoplasty Expert Forum. Offers ear cartilage or artificial tissue grafts, plus alar base reduction and revision as add-ons."},"additional_data":{"advertising_id":"7326:illness_kind:38"},"agency_settings":[{"setting_name":"is_new","setting_value":"1"},{"setting_name":"kids_only","setting_value":"0"}],"procedure_prices":[{"prices":{"price_from":2000,"price_to":0,"currency":"USD","id":55863},"operation":{"id":22,"name":"Rhinoplasty (nose job)","alias":"rhinoplasty-nose-job"}}],"reviews":[],"clinic":{"id":7326,"alias":"somchai-clinic","name":"Somchai Clinic","short_description":"Somchai Clinic is a Bangkok dermatology and aesthetic medicine center founded in 2001 by two doctors. It sees 10,000 patients each year and focuses on cosmetic surgery and laser treatments.
Dr. Denizhan Ozkaya is a distinguished ENT specialist and co-founder of Ento Surgical Medical Center in İzmir. He specializes in rhinoplasty, sinus surgery, and sleep apnea treatment. Dr. Ozkaya provides care for international patients and is fluent in English and Turkish.
Ento Surgical Medical Center is a private multi-specialty clinic in İzmir with over 23 years of experience. It specializes in ENT, dental treatment, plastic surgery, and maxillofacial surgery. The clinic reports high success rates in cochlear implants and rhinoplasty.
Dr. Allan Ceballos Pressler is a plastic surgeon in Guadalajara, Mexico. He runs his own clinic and treats approximately 500 patients annually. He is board-certified by the Mexican Council of Plastic, Aesthetic, and Reconstructive Surgery (CMCPER).
Dr. Allan Ceballos Plastic Surgery is an ISO and ISAPS-accredited clinic in Guadalajara. The lead surgeon is a professor at Guadalajara Lamar University. It focuses on cosmetic and reconstructive plastic surgery.
This treatment reshapes outlying nipples for aesthetic pleasure, utilizing minimally invasive methods for natural results with quick recovery.
"},"1029":{"operation":{"name":"Nipple reduction","alias":"nipple-reduction","use_for_listing":true},"country_price":{"US":{"amount":3000,"max_amount":5500,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":0,"price_kind":"estimate","price_source":"parsed","scope":"country"},"TR":{"amount":1900,"max_amount":2700,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":3,"price_kind":"from_range","price_source":"tariff","scope":"country"},"MX":{"amount":1200,"max_amount":3200,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":1,"price_kind":"from_range","price_source":"tariff","scope":"country"},"TH":{"amount":800,"max_amount":1400,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":6,"price_kind":"from_range","price_source":"tariff","scope":"country"}},"available_clinics":{"UA":true,"FR":false,"GB":false,"US":false,"IL":false,"TR":true,"MX":true,"DE":false,"CA":false,"AE":false,"TH":true,"PL":true,"KR":true,"CZ":false,"AT":false,"ES":false,"IT":false,"CN":false,"AU":false,"IN":false,"MY":false,"VN":false,"BR":false,"CY":true,"LT":true},"description":"This surgery reshapes enlarged nipples for cosmetic improvement, performed under local anesthetic.
"},"1285":{"operation":{"name":"Inverted nipple surgery","alias":"inverted-nipple-surgery","use_for_listing":true},"country_price":{"US":{"amount":3000,"max_amount":6000,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":0,"price_kind":"estimate","price_source":"parsed","scope":"country"},"TR":{"amount":550,"max_amount":2600,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":6,"price_kind":"from_range","price_source":"tariff","scope":"country"},"MX":{"amount":1800,"max_amount":3200,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":0,"price_kind":"estimate","price_source":"parsed","scope":"country"},"TH":{"amount":2300,"max_amount":2900,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":2,"price_kind":"from_range","price_source":"tariff","scope":"country"}},"available_clinics":{"US":false,"TR":true,"MX":false,"TH":true},"description":"This operation corrects inward-pointing nipples, enhancing appearance and breastfeeding ability with minimal scarring.
"}}},"operationIndicators":{"details":{"anesthesia":"general","days_in_clinic":1,"days_in_country":7,"rehabilitation_days":14,"satisfied_percent":78,"treatment_conditions":"inpatient","treatment_duration_hours":2},"illness_kind_details":{"requests_processed":110449}},"responsibleDoctor":{"id":1758,"alias":"ergin-er","name":"Ergin Er","photo":"doctor/5cd02aa7a3f4e","advisory_text":"Dr. Ergin Er is a plastic, reconstructive and aesthetic surgeon who has performed more than 10,000 aesthetic procedures. He is a multiple award winner at Turkish National Congresses of Plastic Surgery and completed advanced training at Baylor College of Medicine in Houston, Texas.","linkedin":"","specialities":[{"id":"pls.001","name":"Plastic surgeon","illness_kind_id":38}]},"direction":{"id":38,"name":"Plastic Surgery","alias":"plastic-surgery"},"illness_kind":{"id":38,"name":{"en":"Plastic Surgery"}},"parsed_details":{"procedure_type":"surgery","fields":{"anesthesia":["local"],"back_to_work_days":{"min":1,"max":5,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Desk-type work; longer for manual work or friction-prone clothing."},"complication_rate_pct":{"min":3,"max":15,"unit":"percent","qualifier":"Any minor complication within 3 months: delayed healing, infection, hematoma, scarring, sensation change; serious ones rare."},"contraindications":["Active local infection or skin disease of the nipple-areola region","Uncontrolled systemic illness or unfitness for minor surgery","Poor wound-healing tendency or history of problematic scarring (relative)","Pregnancy, breastfeeding, or planned breastfeeding soon (relative; may affect lactation)"],"days_in_clinic":{"min":0,"max":0,"unit":"nights","qualifier":"Same-day discharge."},"diagnostic_duration_minutes":null,"diagnostic_preparation":null,"diagnostic_referral_needed":null,"diagnostic_result_time_hours":null,"exercise_resume_weeks":{"min":2,"max":4,"unit":"weeks","qualifier":"Strenuous upper-body exercise and activities causing nipple friction resume after wound healing."},"final_result_months":{"min":2,"max":6,"unit":"months","qualifier":"Swelling resolves and scars mature; scar maturation may take longer."},"fly_home_after_days":{"min":5,"max":10,"unit":"days","qualifier":"After wound check and suture removal; short-haul flights possible earlier once the wound is stable."},"follow_up_visits":[{"purpose":"wound_check","requirement":"routine","after":{"min":5,"max":10,"unit":"days","qualifier":"From surgery; often coincides with suture removal if non-absorbable sutures are used."}},{"purpose":"result_review","requirement":"routine","after":{"min":30,"max":90,"unit":"days","qualifier":"From surgery."}}],"indications":["Enlarged or elongated nipples (nipple hypertrophy) causing aesthetic concern","Nipple prominence visible through clothing causing self-consciousness","Discomfort or irritation from nipple size","Asymmetry of nipple size","Congenital or post-nursing nipple enlargement"],"main_risks":["Bleeding or hematoma","Infection","Visible or hypertrophic scarring","Altered or reduced nipple sensation","Reduced or lost ability to breastfeed (lactiferous duct injury)","Partial nipple necrosis (rare)","Asymmetry or under/over-correction","Delayed wound healing","Possible need for revision"],"pain":"Usually mild to moderate discomfort for a few days, controlled with simple analgesics; local anesthesia is used during surgery.","preparation":["Surgical consultation with examination and discussion of breastfeeding plans","Review of medical history and current medications with the surgeon","Avoid smoking and nicotine before and after surgery as advised","Arrange transport home after surgery"],"recovery_timeline":[{"phase":"First days","description":"Dressing in place, mild swelling, bruising and tenderness; sensitivity common.","restrictions":["Avoid touching or pressure on nipples","Keep dressings clean and dry"]},{"phase":"Weeks 1-2","description":"Swelling subsides; sutures removed or dissolve; return to light daily activities.","restrictions":["Avoid friction and tight bras as advised","No heavy lifting"]},{"phase":"Weeks 2-4","description":"Gradual return to exercise as comfort allows.","restrictions":["Avoid strenuous upper-body exercise until cleared"]},{"phase":"Months 2-6","description":"Scars mature and final shape settles.","restrictions":[]}],"rehabilitation_days":{"min":3,"max":7,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Ordinary functional recovery for daily activities."},"result_longevity":"Generally long-lasting as surgical size reduction is permanent, though natural changes with age, pregnancy or weight change may alter appearance.","revision_rate_pct":{"min":2,"max":8,"unit":"percent","qualifier":"Patients needing revision for asymmetry, under/over-correction or scarring within 1 year."},"scars":"Small scars on the nipple, often placed at the base or within natural nipple texture and usually inconspicuous once matured; hypertrophic scarring is possible.","sessions_or_stages":{"sessions":{"min":1,"max":1,"unit":"visits","qualifier":"Single surgical procedure."},"stages":[{"code":"surgery","label":"Nipple reduction surgery","after":{"min":0,"max":0,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Performed at the initial procedure."}}],"qualifier":"Standalone procedure; follow-up checks are not counted as treatment sessions."},"success":{"metric":"Patients satisfied with nipple size reduction","value":90,"unit":"percent","horizon":"6 months after surgery","population":"Adults with nipple hypertrophy undergoing standalone reduction under local anesthesia","evidence_status":"limited"},"techniques":[{"name":"Wedge or distal (tip) amputation reduction","suits_whom":"Mainly elongated nipples needing length reduction.","recovery":"Dressing for several days; light activity within days."},{"name":"Circumferential (width) reduction with skin excision","suits_whom":"Nipples wide in diameter needing width reduction.","recovery":"Similar short recovery; friction avoidance for a couple of weeks."}],"treatment_conditions":["outpatient"],"treatment_duration_hours":{"min":0.5,"max":1.5,"unit":"hours","qualifier":"Both nipples, standalone procedure."},"initial_assessment_documents":["Front close-up photos of both nipples","Side-profile photos of both nipples","Summary of medical history and past surgeries","Current medication list"],"travel_trips":{"min":1,"max":1,"one_trip_possible":true,"qualifier":"Single-stage same-day surgery; stay about 5-10 days until the wound check and suture removal, if needed."},"clinic_checks":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"C1","text":"Check the practitioner has the right training, skills and insurance to carry out the procedure safely","scope":"treatment_type","source":{"url":"https://www.nhs.uk/tests-and-treatments/cosmetic-procedures/advice/choosing-who-will-do-your-procedure/","host":"nhs.uk","quote":"They should have the right training, skills and insurance to safely carry out the procedure.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},{"id":"C2","text":"Book a consultation with the person who will operate before deciding, so the decision is informed","scope":"treatment_type","source":{"url":"https://www.nhs.uk/tests-and-treatments/cosmetic-procedures/advice/choosing-who-will-do-your-procedure/","host":"nhs.uk","quote":"Always book a consultation with the person who will do the procedure before making your final decision.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},{"id":"C3","text":"Check the surgeon explains how likely the risks are and how complications would be treated","scope":"treatment_type","source":{"url":"https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/breast-reduction/","host":"nhs.uk","quote":"Your surgeon should explain how likely these risks and complications are, and how they'd be treated if you have them.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},{"id":"C4","text":"Ask to see before and after pictures of the surgeon's work","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://www.nhs.uk/tests-and-treatments/cosmetic-procedures/advice/cosmetic-surgery-abroad/","host":"nhs.uk","quote":"They should be able to show before and after pictures of their work.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},{"id":"C5","text":"Ask what complications are most common with the procedure","scope":"treatment_type","source":{"url":"https://www.nhs.uk/tests-and-treatments/cosmetic-procedures/advice/choosing-who-will-do-your-procedure/","host":"nhs.uk","quote":"about the most common complications of the procedure","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}}],"checked_at":"2026-11-13","next_check_at":"2027-11-13","version":1},"red_flags":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"F1","text":"Asked to pay for the procedure before any consultation has taken place","scope":"treatment_type","source":{"url":"https://www.nhs.uk/tests-and-treatments/cosmetic-procedures/advice/choosing-who-will-do-your-procedure/","host":"nhs.uk","quote":"Do not pay for a procedure until you've had a consultation to make sure it's right for you.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},{"id":"F2","text":"No appointment is offered to meet the surgeon before the operation","scope":"treatment_type","source":{"url":"https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/breast-reduction/","host":"nhs.uk","quote":"Always book an appointment to meet the surgeon before the procedure.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},{"id":"F3","text":"Pressure to decide straight after the consultation, with no time given to think it over","scope":"treatment_type","source":{"url":"https://www.nhs.uk/tests-and-treatments/cosmetic-procedures/advice/choosing-who-will-do-your-procedure/","host":"nhs.uk","quote":"Your practitioner should give you time after your consultation to decide whether you want to go ahead with the procedure.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},{"id":"F4","text":"The surgery is offered online as part of a holiday package","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://www.nhs.uk/tests-and-treatments/cosmetic-procedures/advice/cosmetic-surgery-abroad/","host":"nhs.uk","quote":"Be cautious of websites selling cosmetic surgery as part of a holiday.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},{"id":"F5","text":"The clinic cannot explain who will provide aftercare","scope":"treatment_type","source":{"url":"https://www.nhs.uk/tests-and-treatments/cosmetic-procedures/advice/choosing-who-will-do-your-procedure/","host":"nhs.uk","quote":"what aftercare you can expect and who will look after you","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}}],"checked_at":"2026-11-13","next_check_at":"2027-11-13","version":1},"warning_signs":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"W1","text":"Pus leaking from the incision site","urgency":"contact_clinic","general":false,"source":{"url":"https://www.healthline.com/health/areola-reduction","host":"healthline.com","quote":"pus leaking from your incision site","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},{"id":"W2","text":"Severe redness or inflammation","urgency":"contact_clinic","general":false,"source":{"url":"https://www.healthline.com/health/areola-reduction","host":"healthline.com","quote":"severe redness or inflammation","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},{"id":"W3","text":"A sudden increase in pain","urgency":"contact_clinic","general":false,"source":{"url":"https://www.healthline.com/health/areola-reduction","host":"healthline.com","quote":"sudden increase in pain","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}}],"checked_at":"2026-11-12","next_check_at":"2027-11-12","version":1},"take_home":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"T1","text":"Home doctor needs the clinic's follow-up recommendations in a written discharge summary","document":"discharge summary","source":{"url":"https://sbuhb.nhs.wales/about-us/individual-patient-commissioning/ipc-folder/advice-on-accessing-treatment-abroad","host":"sbuhb.nhs.wales","quote":"When you have treatment abroad, you must ask the treatment provider for their follow-up recommendations documented within a written discharge summary in English.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"T2","text":"Ask for copies of all prescriptions before you leave","document":"prescription copies","source":{"url":"https://travelhealthpro.org.uk/news/699/travelling-abroad-for-treatment","host":"travelhealthpro.org.uk","quote":"Remember to ask for copies of all your treatment records, including prescriptions, scans and x-rays before you leave.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"T3","text":"Ask for written details of the procedure before you leave the hospital","document":"written procedure details","source":{"url":"https://rcseng.ac.uk/patient-care/cosmetic-surgery/after-surgery/","host":"rcseng.ac.uk","quote":"After your surgery, before you leave the hospital, ask for written information about the procedure you've 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