Below knee prosthesis in Istanbul – TOP 10+ Clinics and Costs 2026

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50 countries

1,500 clinics

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How Much Does Below knee prosthesis Cost in Istanbul?

Below knee prosthesis in Istanbul typically costs from $4,500 to $4,500. The final price depends on the chosen foot type, socket material, and the suspension system used. In the US, similar procedures cost around $45,000 on average. Patients save around 74% compared to US rates. The cost usually includes the custom device fabrication, professional fitting session, and initial gait training.

Device technology: Advanced microprocessor-controlled or bionic systems carry a significant premium over standard mechanical models.
Component brands: Using international premium brands like Ottobock or Össur increases the total budget.
Activity level: High-impact carbon feet for sports cost more than standard everyday walking components.
Package extras: Some centers bundle airport transfers and physical therapy sessions into the total service cost.

Bookimed Expert Insight: Istanbul is Turkey's primary hub for complex prosthetic rehabilitation. Specialized centers like Luxmed Protez Clinic employ staff trained at Ottobock in Germany. This ensures high-level technical precision at a lower cost than European counterparts. Clinics like Memorial Şişli Hospital offer JCI-accredited environments for the surgical and recovery phases. Expert orthopedists like Dr. Ozgur Ismail Turk provide the necessary clinical supervision for successful long-term mobility.

	Turkey	Austria	Spain
Below knee prosthesis	from $8,500	from $25,000	from $14,000

Data verified by Bookimed as of June 2026, based on patient requests and official quotes from 19 clinics worldwide. Median costs are based on real invoices (2025–2026) and updated monthly. Actual prices may vary.

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Transparent Prices & Flexible Installments

No hidden fees – just official clinic prices. Pay at the clinic for Below knee prosthesis upon arrival and use a flexible installment plan if needed.

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Bookimed is committed to your safety. We only work with medical institutions that maintain high international standards in Below knee prosthesis and have the necessary licenses to serve international patients worldwide.

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Bookimed offers free expert assistance. A personal medical coordinator supports you before, during, and after your treatment, solving any issues. You're never alone on your Below knee prosthesis journey.

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Best Below knee prosthesis Clinics in Istanbul: 8 Verified Options and Prices

The Bookimed clinic ranking is based on data science algorithms, providing a trusted, transparent, and objective comparison. It takes into account patient demand, review scores (both positive and negative), the frequency of updates to treatment options and prices, response speed, and clinic certifications.

Memorial Şişli Hospital

Turkey, Istanbul

Clinic is certified :

Memorial Şişli Hospital offers outpatient below-knee prosthesis fitting for around $6,760 – typically including prosthesis measurement, transfers, and interpretation services. As Turkey's first JCI-accredited hospital, it follows international quality standards. The custom prosthesis is sourced from specialized medical companies with precise measurements. Patients usually stay 1-2 weeks in Istanbul for fittings and follow-up.

diagnostics
MRI of the joint	$700
Consultation with an orthopedist (traumatologist)	$220

Lokman Hekim Istanbul Hospital

Turkey, Istanbul

Mehmet Ozan Aşık

15 years of experience

Clinic is certified :

Associate Professor Dr. Mehmet Ozan Aşık has performed 1,100 orthopedic procedures over 15 years of experience, specializing in below knee prostheses. The clinic offers Russian Metiz prostheses for around $22,340 or Ottobock prostheses for approximately $28,220 – both packages typically include the device, surgery, 4-night hospital stay, and preoperative tests. Dr. Aşık completed postdoctoral research in biomechanics and biomaterials testing. The JCI-accredited hospital provides hydraulic knee joints and carbon foot components for improved mobility.

diagnostics
Complete blood count	$109 - $219
Chest X-Ray	$100 - $150

Memorial Bahçelievler Hospital

Turkey, Istanbul

Tahir Ozturk

10 years of experience

Clinic is certified :

Dr. Tahir Ozturk brings 10 years of experience of orthopedic experience, having performed 900+ procedures including below knee prostheses. The package at Memorial Bahçelievler Hospital typically costs around $15,000, covering the prosthesis, 2-night stay, treatment planning, and VIP transfers. As Turkey's first LEED Platinum certified hospital, the JCI/ISO-accredited facility combines sustainability with medical expertise. Dr. Ozturk specializes in arthroplasty and trauma, with advanced training in microscopic and hand surgery techniques at leading Turkish universities.

diagnostics
CT (computer tomography)	$550 - $1,000
Consultation with a maxillofacial surgeon	$160

VM Medical Park Florya Hospital

Turkey, Istanbul

Clinic is certified :

VM Medical Park Florya Hospital offers two below knee prosthesis options – a Turkish brand at around $2,500 or a premium Ottobock model for approximately $7,700. The package typically includes consultation, installation, physiotherapy treatment, medical supplies, and a 2-year warranty. Patients usually stay 7-10 days in Istanbul for follow-up care and gait training. This university hospital maintains international standards with orthopedic specialists overseeing the prosthetic rehabilitation process.

diagnostics
Lab tests	$150 - $200
MRI of one area	$600 - $800

OrtoCare Orthopedic Clinic

Turkey, Istanbul

OrtoCare Orthopedic Clinic is a private multi-specialty medical center located in Istanbul, Turkey. The clinic specializes in orthopedics, rehabilitation, and hand surgery. OrtoCare Clinic treats both adults and children. Each year, around 1,000 patients choose OrtoCare Clinic for medical care. Patients most often travel to the clinic from CIS countries, Europe & the Commonwealth, the USA, Canada, and Australia.

Price on request

Below knee prosthesis Overview in Turkey

Takeaways

Related procedures & Costs

How it works

What to expect

Benefits

Payment

patients recommend -

85%

Surgery Time - 1 hour

Stay in the country - 12 days

Rehabilitation - 120 days

Anesthesia - General anesthesia

Requests processed - 23249

Verified patient reviews - 20

Bookimed fees - $0

Types of Below knee prosthesis

Limb prosthetics - from $8,550
The procedure involves replacing lost limbs with prosthetics, improving mobility.
Above knee prosthesis - from $9,000
Replacement of a leg part lost above the knee to improve mobility and quality of life.
Below knee prosthesis - from $8,500
Lower leg replacement with a prosthesis to improve mobility and enhance the quality of life post-amputation.
Prosthetic foot - from $4,500
The procedure involves attaching an artificial foot to enable mobility and improve quality of life.
Bionic leg - from $28,000
The operation installs a high-tech prosthesis, improving mobility and balance for individuals with leg loss.
Electronic leg prosthesis - from $20,000
Installation of advanced, programmable artificial legs, enhancing movement, accuracy, and comfort.
Prosthetic arm - from $8,000
Replacement a missing arm with an artificial limb to improve mobility and functionality.
Cosmetic prosthetic arm - from $10,000
The procedure offers aesthetic replacement of a missing arm ensuring natural appearance and boosted self-confidence.
Prosthetic finger - from $2,200
The procedure helps replace missing fingers, improving hand function and appearance with customizable, moveable prosthetics.
Bionic arm - from $30,000
An artificial limb that uses muscle signals to control movement.
Electronic arm prosthesis - from $20,000
The operation provides a high-tech limb replacement, enhancing movement with advanced features, like tactile feedback.
Prosthetic leg for children - from $8,500
This procedure provides a custom-built artificial limb for kids, promoting mobility, growth, and balanced development.
Sports prosthetic leg - from $15,000
This procedure outfits athletes with artificial limbs, tailor-made for high performance and movement, enhancing sport activity participation.
Sports above knee prosthetics - from $20,000
This procedure fits active amputees with an artificial limb above the knee for enhanced athletic performance.
Sports below knee prosthetics - from $7,800
This procedure provides athletic individuals missing a lower limb with customized, activity-optimized artificial legs.
Leg orthotics - from $1,200
The procedure involves custom devices for supporting and improving lower limb function and mobility. It"s non-invasive and beneficial for various conditions.

Our Trusted Doctors

View all Doctors

Mehmet Taner Ozdemir

30 years of experience

Dr. Mehmet Taner Ozdemir is an experienced orthopedic specialist with 7 years in the field. He focuses on oncology, orthopedic trauma, arthroscopic surgery, and bone and soft tissue tumors. He completed his medical and specialist training at GATA Faculty of Medicine in Ankara. He also received advanced training at the Hospital for Special Surgery in New York, USA.

Dr. Ozdemir is a member of the Turkish Orthopedics and Traumatology Association and the European Musculoskeletal Tumor Society. He has written five national and thirteen international publications. He is dedicated to improving orthopedic science. His skills include joint replacements, arthroscopies, and tumor surgeries.

Murat Aydin

18 years of experience

Dr. Murat Aydin specializes in orthopedic surgery with a focus on trauma and joint replacements, ensuring patients regain mobility with minimal recovery time.

Expert in complex trauma and reconstruction, restoring function to severely injured limbs
Skilled in minimally invasive arthroscopic techniques for quicker recovery
Associate Professor contributing to advancements in orthopedic care
Patient-centered approach with personalized rehabilitation strategies

Mustafa Ozdemir

33 years of experience

Dr. Mustafa Ozdemir specializes in radiology with extensive experience in diagnostic imaging at major hospitals in Turkey.

Trained at Hacettepe University – one of Turkey's top medical schools
33 years of experience of experience in radiology across multiple hospitals
Associate Professor at Ministry of Health Fatih Sultan Mehmet Training and Research Hospital
Specialized in diagnostic imaging techniques

Eyup Bakmaz

41 years of experience

Specializing in orthopedic trauma and sports injuries at Gayrettepe Florence Nightingale Hospital for over 41 years of experience.

Expert in knee and hip arthroscopy procedures
Former Chief Assistant Specialist at Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine
Extensive experience in orthopedic trauma cases

Reviews about Bookimed: Discover Patients' Insights

Rashed Alhosani • Consultation with an orthopaedist

United Arab Emirates

Feb 10, 2024

Verified review.

In 8 days I felt better and I don't need surgical operation

I like the treatment , staff , environment. Special thanks for Hussein , Melih , and all staff I can’t remember the names . I recommend this hospital for all . Daily they made for me more than 10-12 session . They used all technology and staff to let me feel better . I had some special services massage , daily Hotel transport, and hotel discount . I can’t express all but thanks a lot in 8 days I felt better and I don’t need surgical operation . Will visit again inshallah .

About Bookimed service

Perfect they follow all my needs

Fizyomer Terapia Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation & Aesthetic & Dental Medical Center

Mariia Chumakova • Hallux valgus surgery

Georgia

Oct 24, 2025

Verified review.

Lokman Hekim Hospital left a profound impression on me with its genuine care for every patient

Lokman Hekim Hospital left a profound impression on me with its genuine care for every patient. Everything here is organized the way it should be in an ideal clinic: the staff is attentive, considerate, always ready to help, and does not just go through formal procedures. Unlike many expensive clinics, where everything feels cold and impersonal, where patients are treated almost like on a conveyor belt, here you truly feel involvement and empathy. Every step, every detail is thoughtfully planned with the patient in mind, creating a sense of safety and comfort. Here, they don’t just treat and send you away — they guide and support you at every stage, creating an atmosphere of trust and warmth. This approach makes the stay in the clinic as comfortable and reassuring as possible.

In short, my experience was simply amazing. I highly recommend Lokman Hekim among other Turkish clinics, in Istanbul and other cities, because everything here is truly top-notch. I have already shared more detailed impressions in other reviews, but in short — everything was perfect.

Everything was perfect

About Bookimed service

My experience with Bookimed was absolutely amazing. My sister even went with me to have blepharoplasty, and she immediately wanted to have her surgery at the same clinic where I had mine, because the plastic surgeon there was incredibly professional and outstanding. I can confidently recommend Bookimed to all my relatives, and I would gladly go again to this clinic and only to these doctors, because every specialist in the clinic is exceptional and excellent. Bookimed is truly an amazing platform. I am grateful that it exists because it is very important for people who cannot find the best doctors in their own countries. The platform helps to find the best options for each patient individually, offering different choices so that everyone can select what is optimal for them.

Lokman Hekim University Ankara Hospital Mehmet Emin Simsek

Dar'ya • Arthroscopic surgery

Georgia

Feb 14, 2026

Verified review.

I am completely satisfied with the treatment and grateful to the entire team for their professionalism and care

I was very impressed with the clinic and the attentive care given to patients. Special thanks to Dr. Rukhat Tanli—an knowledgeable, professional, and highly compassionate specialist. Anesthesia was administered smoothly, and recovery was comfortable. The staff is friendly and caring, and the clinic is modern and clean. I would also like to specifically thank coordinator Olga for her assistance, support, and translation guidance—thanks to her, the entire process was calm and organized. I am completely satisfied with the treatment and grateful to the entire team for their professionalism and care.

I was highly impressed with the clinic and their approach to patients. Special thanks to Dr. Rukhat Tanli — a knowledgeable, attentive, and professional specialist. The anesthesia was smooth, and the recovery was comfortable. The staff is very friendly and caring, with a calm atmosphere. The clinic is modern and clean. I am completely satisfied with the treatment and grateful to the entire team for their help and support.

About Bookimed service

Everything is great, thank you.

Lokman Hekim Istanbul Hospital Ruhat Tanli

claudine heilig • Osteoarthritis

France

Mar 6, 2026

Verified review.

In my situation, this care truly gave me hope again

I came to Istanbul for intensive medical care with a complex case involving multiple conditions. Thanks to Bookimed and my French-speaking coordinator Fidan and her colleague, everything was organized flawlessly. They truly went above and beyond, adapting my care to my evolving needs with great responsiveness and compassion. From the moment I arrived at Florence Nightingale Hospital, everything was handled with remarkable efficiency: I consulted 7 specialist professors in one day, followed by comprehensive tests (full-body MRI, CT scan, EMG, blood tests) over the next few days. In less than a week, I had a complete diagnosis and all treatments in place. The medical team is exceptionally professional — both highly skilled and genuinely caring. Each professor took the time to explain the results and treatment options. I now receive monthly follow-ups with my specialists. The service goes far beyond medical care: the hospital provides daily transportation for appointments, physiotherapy, and rehabilitation sessions. In France, I would have waited months just to get a first specialist appointment. Here, everything was done within days. I highly recommend Bookimed and Florence Nightingale Hospital without hesitation. In my situation, this care truly gave me hope again.

I arrived with a very complex and serious medical case, and I was impressed by the speed and efficiency of my care. In less than a week, I consulted 7 specialist professors, all necessary tests were completed (full-body MRI, CT, EMG, comprehensive blood work), and my treatments are now in place with monthly follow-ups by the professors. On top of that, the hospital provides daily transport for all my treatments: physiotherapy, rehabilitation, etc. An incredible service. Florence Nightingale is an excellent facility in every respect, both medically and humanly.

Apart from my visceral fear of needles, honestly, nothing. I even have a dedicated French-speaking coordinator. And a terrace café to enjoy a cappuccino in the sun inside the hospital. I have never been taken care of this well in my life.

About Bookimed service

Bookimed gave me access to excellent medical care in Istanbul that I could never have obtained so quickly in France. The compassionate support from Fidan and her team made all the difference at a time when I was feeling particularly vulnerable. I would recommend them without hesitation.

Istanbul Florence Nightingale Hospital

David Coombes • Hip replacement

Australia

Feb 26, 2026

Verified review.

I found the surgical staff and nurses in operating theatre to be extremely understanding and helpful. I was happy with the surgical procedure but would have liked a little more post-op feedback from the surgeon. Overall, though I was more than satisfied. Unfortunately the same cannot be said about the treatment which I received from the nursing staff, especially at night, although I subsequently found out that they are very short staffed while not having at least one English speaking nurse on duty day or night.

Procedure was very good on the day of surgery. Friendly and helpful medical coordinator Friendly nurses during the day. However there was not even one English speaking nurse during every day and every night. The only means of communicating was by phone translator which became tiresome and frustrating.

There needs to be better understanding between the nursing staff and patients. Despite best efforts it all became overwhelming and frustrating. I don’t know why but it was difficult to inform the staff that I was vegetarian. Twice I needed to change the capither myself - seemingly because nurses see it below their station so need to find a nursing assistant to empty the capither bag. To summarise - the medical coordinator was extremely helpful; the care and help by surgical staff and theatre nursing staff was very good. However the treatment from many of the nurses left something to be desired.

About Bookimed service

Helpful and understanding with good communication and follow up service. I was extremely satisfied with the empathy and help from Yasmina, Bookimed’s medical coordinator.

Büyük Anadolu Hospitals (BAH International)

Нурлан Чормаков • Hip replacement

Kazakhstan

Apr 25, 2024

Verified review.

I am very satisfied with the choice of this clinic

At the Turan Turan Clinic, I had total hip replacement surgeries on both legs almost simultaneously, two days apart. The operation was categorised as complicated. From the very first days of my stay in the clinic until my discharge I was really surrounded by sincere care and attention of the doctor and medical staff and interpreter. I was placed in a very comfortable ward with everything I needed. The interpreter and assistant in the person of Eldar did not leave me a step and helped with translation, consulted, gave useful advice and literally led me by the hand to the doctors where I was examined, from the X-ray room to the anaesthesiologist before the operation. Preparation for the operation, collection of analyses, their study and consultation with doctor Kayhan Turan took little time. Everything went promptly. The surgery was performed by the head doctor Kayhan Turan himself, who has vast experience in orthopaedic surgeries. With his light hand and high level of professionalism, the two surgeries two days apart were very easy. Smith & Nephew prostheses were fitted. Both operations were performed under spinal anaesthesia, which in my case completely eliminated the unpleasant stage of coming out of anaesthesia. I was conscious during the operations. Subsequent rehabilitation took place in a hospital ward, where special medical simulators were used along with exercises to develop the joint and vessels. I am very satisfied with the choice of this clinic.

About Bookimed service

Thank you Bookimed for the quality and prompt selection of the right clinic in accordance with the quality-price criterion. I was immediately offered several real offers to choose from, constant communication gave me hope for a speedy recovery. Very attentive staff. Thank you !!!!

Turan Turan Health Group Kayhan Turan

Maryna Bajer • Hand surgery

Germany

Oct 14, 2023

Verified review.

Thanks a lot to the great team!

I had to do an operation of the fracture of my little finger that happened during vacation in the South of Turkey. The organization was supported by Alisher Durdiyev and was very quick and helpful, even during the late evening. The surgery could be organized very quickly, the doctor Levent Yalcin, one of the rare hand surgeons, was extremely good, could incorporate my wishes and I was back with my family very quickly. The teams of nurses and doctors in the hospital was very good. Thanks a lot to the great team!

Istanbul Florence Nightingale Hospital Ali Levent Yalchin

Marina • Surgical treatment of scoliosis

Moldova

Aug 8, 2025

Verified review.

Doctors at the highest level

PLUSES Doctors at the highest level...professionalism, attention, responsibility felt during the whole stay...nothing unnecessary was said...no promises were made that could not be realised later...we were very satisfied with the results of their work.... Medical equipment may not be the latest models, but the penultimate certainly ... The food is very tasty... The facilities in the ward create a comfortable stay... The location of the clinic is good... Many hotels of different categories within walking distance..... MINUSES The medical staff and service staff (cleaning of the ward) wish to be better...the clinic needs a little more review of the process of care of medical staff for patients...at night when the patient before surgery or after surgery should gain strength and rest, begins frequent going to the room...then the temperature to measure, then the pressure, then remembering about the drip to connect the next or remove the forgotten.... Another disadvantage is the proposal-proform with an indication of what services are included in the paid amount, and which are not ... I would like a more specific list...taking into account that the treatment plan has changed, the amount to be paid has also changed, and there is always a question whether it is paid or whether it is necessary to pay additionally...which causes inconvenience and worries "whether you have enough money".... The general impression of the clinic was good...despite the disadvantages.....

Professionalism of the medical team

Nursing and housekeeping.

About Bookimed service

Very grateful to Stanislav...all questions were always answered in a short period of time..... any misunderstandings that arose were resolved quickly.....

Memorial Ataşehir Hospital

Volodymyr Kopysov Kopysov • Ankylosing spondylitis

Ukraine

Oct 16, 2025

Verified review.

I am satisfied with everything

He completed a two-week rehabilitation course. I improved my condition, I am satisfied with everything. The staff are professionals. Special thanks to Kenan for his support and resolution of all issues. I liked the treatment programme. With my diagnosis of ankylosing spondylitis, it was possible to improve the condition of my spine and partially restore mobility. I recommend it, I will come back again.

schedule, treatment, staff

-

Fizyomer Terapia Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation & Aesthetic & Dental Medical Center

Carl Jensen • Hip replacement

Paraguay

Aug 23, 2025

Verified review.

Dr

It's now been about 1 1/2 months post surgery and I am pleased with the progress of my recovery. It seems that the implant and hip have aligned themselves nicely with the rest of the leg and foot . I can walk quite well. It seems that improving the strength in my leg will lead to greater recovery. I was pleasantly surprised by the professionalism , knowledge and concern of all people involved ; especially Booki Med med coordinator Dr. Olha who exhibited limitless patience and concern for my problems. The hospital was first rate and those within, I felt, were truly concerned with my situation

Lokman Hekim Istanbul Hospital

Larisa Petrova • Hip fracture

Canada

Dec 11, 2023

Verified review.

Operation at the highest level! Be sure to take an accompanying person with you! You will not be able to do without this or hire a Person through a coordinator to serve for 3 weeks

About Bookimed service

Regular support on all issues

Turan Turan Health Group

Melvin • Hand surgery

United States of America

Jan 22, 2026

Verified review.

the full experience was so very nice to navigate

Considering that we were traveling into Istanbul late on Saturday night, my support member was still texting with me and the doctor on a Sunday so that I was able to see the doctor Monday morning and then booked into surgery the following day. That would not happen other places, and the full experience was so very nice to navigate!!

With the help of Bookimed getting me in touch with the best doctor for my needs, I cannot be happier with the result of my surgery. The whole process was so easy and everyone involved was so very kind and helpful.

Only that I needed the procedure in the 1st place.

About Bookimed service

I would not hesitate to contact again for any future needs and will tell anyone I know to not worry about using this great service.

Gayrettepe Florence Nightingale Hospital

Olga Seitova • Consultation with an orthopaedist

Kazakhstan

Feb 15, 2025

Verified review.

I liked the doctor's professionalism, competence, ability to explain the causes of pain in an accessible way, to show clearly the planned treatment, and also to warn about the need for further 'self-doctor' behaviour for further recovery of health

I liked the doctor's professionalism, competence, ability to explain the causes of pain in an accessible way, to show clearly the planned treatment, and also to warn about the need for further "self-doctor" behaviour for further recovery of health. The attitude of the staff is excellent.

Memorial Ataşehir Hospital

Darya Trebka • Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction

Belarus

Jan 2, 2025

Verified review.

I am thrilled with my trip for the surgery! 🚀💯

I want to express my immense gratitude to Dr. Kayhan Turan and the Team for the surgery!!! In addition to the excellent surgery, I received support with all my questions and concerns, so I didn’t have to worry about anything. Eldar kept everything under control. I loved absolutely everything—from the transfer to staying in the hospital in my own private room with a companion. I also appreciated the opportunity to take the physiotherapy equipment to my hotel room, allowing me to do the exercises there instead of going to the hospital. And, of course, the wonderful support from Eldar was truly outstanding! Thanks to Dr. Hanna from Bookimed Support for your help during the initial stages of choosing a clinic (this is the best clinic I could choose, I'm very happy) and for your continued support throughout my entire trip, and thank you, Aboush! I am thrilled with my trip for the surgery! 🚀💯

Excellent surgery Eldar's assistance 🚀💯 Affordable prices

About Bookimed service

I will definitely recommend Turan Turan Health Group 100%! I am thrilled with my trip for the surgery!

Turan Turan Health Group Kayhan Turan

Anonymous • Ankylosing spondylitis

Kyrgyzstan

Mar 3, 2025

Verified review.

I would like to share my experience of an examination in Turkey. The Bookimed service helped me a lot when choosing a clinic - they quickly selected several options, took into account my wishes and even helped me with the organisation of my trip. In the end, I chose a clinic that fully met my expectations. The clinic itself was modern, with highly qualified doctors and attentive staff. I was met directly at the airport, accompanied at all stages, and the medical care was top-notch. A huge thank you to Bookimed for their help in my search and to the clinic for their professionalism and warm welcome! I would recommend this service and clinic to anyone looking for quality treatment abroad.

Memorial Bahçelievler Hospital

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Updated: 03/06/2026

Authored by

Head of Content Marketing Team

A certified medical writer with 10+ years of experience, developed Bookimed’s trusted content, backed by a Master’s in Philology and medical expert interviews worldwide.

Reviewed by Bookimed Medical Advisor

Medical Editor & Data Scientist

General practitioner. Winner of 4 scientific awards. Served in Western Asia. Former Team Leader of a medical team supporting Arabic-speaking patients. Now responsible for data processing and medical content accuracy.

This page may feature information relating to various medical conditions, treatments, and healthcare services available in different countries. Please be advised that the content is provided for informational purposes only and should not be construed as medical advice or guidance. Please consult with your doctor or a qualified medical professional before starting or changing medical treatment.