Assisted reproductive technologies (ART) include:
- intrauterine insemination with sperm;
- ICSI (ICSI) - injection of sperm into the shell of the egg;
- IMSI (IMSI) - injection of a selected (healthiest) sperm into an egg;
- TESA (TESA) - aspiration (biopsy) of several sections of the testicles;
- TESE (TESE) - sampling of testicular tissue for the subsequent search for viable spermatozoa;
- cryopreservation (freezing) of eggs, sperm and embryos;
- donation of eggs, sperm and embryos;
- surrogacy.
IVF, like other methods of infertility therapy using ART, is performed by doctors on an outpatient basis.
Often, an IVF program includes:
- consultation with an obstetrician-gynecologist, embryologist;
- stimulation of ovulation;
- receiving eggs (puncture);
- fertilization of mature eggs;
- embryo culture (usually 5 days);
- transfer of embryos (blastocysts) into the uterus.
Before and after IVF, the patient takes a specially selected course of hormonal drugs.
At the end of the second week after the transfer of the embryos, the woman undergoes a pregnancy test, and with a positive result, an ultrasound.
In most cases, doctors combine IVF with other assisted reproductive techniques. For example, blastocyst transfer (on the 5th day of embryo development) increases the chances of successful implantation and reduces the risk of multiple pregnancies. And pre-implantation genetic diagnosis of embryos makes it possible to avoid a number of chromosomal abnormalities.
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