Best Lumineer dentists in Turkey: TOP 187 doctors

Education

-Fırat University, faculty of dentistry

-Dalhousie University, oral and maxillofacial surgery, master degree

-Aesthetic Dentistry. King's College London,master degree

-Rauf Denktaş University botox ed.

-Istanbul Esenyurt University, dermal filler ed.

Congress and Symposium Participation and Certificates

-38th Annual Conference of the European Prosthodontic Association and the 21st Scientific Congress of the Turkish Prosthodontic and Implantology Association, oral presantation

-International Association for Dental Research General Session & Exhibition in Seattle, Washington, USA, oral presantation,

-Meffert Implant Instıtute, Full Arch Immediate Implant Reconstruction Symposium

-TRI Dental Implants, Controversies in Esthetic Implant Dentistry

-FDI 101st Annual World Dental Congress

-Bicon Dental Implants Surgical and Prosthetic Principles Course

-Management of a central giant cell granuloma of the anterior mandible in an adult patient: A case report. Turkish Society of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 23rd International Congress

-V. Immediate Placement Of Implant In Fresh Extraction Socket With Early Loading By Provisional Restoration in the Maxillary Central Tooth Region, Clinical and Aesthetic Results: A Case Report . Turkish Society of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 23rd International Congress

- Management of an Osteointegrated Standard Diameter Dental Implant Fractured From Neck,; A Case Report. Turkish Society of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 25rd International Congress

-Fracture of a Narrow-Diameter Roxolid Implant: A Case Report; European Federation of Periodontology EuroPerio 9 st Congress, Amsterdam.

-Retrospective evaluation of the relationship between demographic, clinical data and radiological findings in patients using bisphosphonate group drugs. / Oral Presentation. Turkish Society of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 24th International Congress

-ITI Antalya  Scientific Meeting

-Factors Affecting Long-Term Success in OSSEDER Implants

-The American College of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons (ACOMS)

-Ivoclar Vivadent, Dental Aesthetics Spring Symposium

-Gazi University Faculty of Medicine Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery CranioMaxilloFacial surgery study group observer participation

-Turkish Dental Association 22nd Internatıonal Dental Congress

-EDAD Aesthetic Dentistry Smile Design Training

-Istanbul Dental Academy Lamina Veneer Applications 

-Edad Aesthetic Restoration of Anterior Diastema Cases Course 

-Dent Education Digital Photography Training 

-Dentsply Root Canal Treatment and Root Canal Restoration Seminar 

-Dent education Anterior Composite Aesthetic Testing and Insulation Seminar 

-Osstem Advanced Implant Surgery Training  

-Aim Academy Implant Prosthesis Seminar 

-Bego Implant Anterior Region Implant Surgery and Implant Top Prosthesis Seminar

Adnan Aric graduated from the relevant faculty of Ege University in 1992. With more than 30 years of experience, he specializes in smile design and dental examination for our patients. Our doctor, who is knowledgeable in all treatments, constantly receives praising feedback from our patients about his oratory and treatment.

Education

-Eyüboğlu High School
-Yeditepe University Dentist (Honor Degree)
-Acıbadem Hospital
-Superdent Dental Clinic
-Luna Dente Clinic

 

Professional Organization Memberships
- ESCD (European Society of Cosmetic Dentistry) ,
- TDB (Turkish Dentists Association)
- EDAD (Aesthetic Dentistry Academy Association)

 

Certifications
- Rotary Instrument Root Canal Shaping Systems, 

- Implant-Supported Fixed Prosthetic Restorations, 

- Dental Photography, 

- Botox-Dermal Filler-PRP-Mesotherapy,

 - Anterior Region Aesthetic Composite Restorations,

 - Laminate Veneer Porcelains,

 - Basic Implantology,

 - Double Immediate Implant Loading in Total Edentulousness,

 - Soft Tissue Surgery,

 - Hard Tissue Formation

Experience

DentSpa Oral and Dental Health Clinic

Prosthodontics
Present, İstanbul/Turkey

DentSpa Oral and Dental Health Clinic

Sep 2020 – Present İstanbul/Turkey

“Implant Academy” Dental private clinic

March 2018 – March 2020 İstanbul/Turkey

Sokullu oral and dental health clinic (part time)

April 2012 – May 2015 Turkey/Ankara

Gazi University Faculty of Dentistry Department of Prosthodontics

October 2010 – July 2016 Turkey/Ankara

Children’s Stomatological Polyclinic Dentist

September 2009 – July 2010 Azerbaijan/Sumgayit

Education

Azerbaijan Medical University Bachelor Medicine: Stomatology

September 2004 – July 2009
Azerbaijan / Baku

Ph.D: Gazi University Faculty of Dentistry Department of Prosthodon-tics

October 2010 – June 2016
Turkey / Ankara

Doctoral Thesis

• The Comparative Evaluation of Some Mechanical and Physical Properties of Two Different Temporary Crown-Bridge Materials. May 2016

Publication

• Akay C.,Tanis C.M., Gulverdeiyeva M., The coloration of provisional restoration materials: comparison of the effects of mouth washers and green tea. Istanbul Dental Journal 2017. (In press)

POSTERS

• Gulverdiyeva M., Nalbant A.D., Tooth supported overdenture: a clinical report. 35th Annual Congress of the Eu-ropean Prosthodontic Association-EPA 2011. 29-01.10.2011 Bern, Switzerland
• Gulverdiyeva M. Kemoterapi alan hastalarin ağiz ve diş bakımı.( Oral and dental care for patients who are taking chemotherapy). 2ci Örnek hekim olmaya doğru 2012. 07-09.11.2012.İzmir,Turkey

Speeches and Presentations of Seminars

• 2013. Influence of implant surfaces on osseointegration / Gazi University Faculty of
  Dentistry Department of Prosthodontics
• 2015. implant-supported overdenture prosthesis / Gazi University Faculty of
  Dentistry Department of Prosthodontics

Courses

• 26.12.2011 – Dentsply Aesthetic Restoration course / Turkey
• 07.04.2013 – Dental Smile Design – Photoshop / Turkey
• 26-28.03.2015 – Botulium Toxin Type-A in Facial Aesthetic Upper and Lower face indication / Turkey
• 26-28.03.2015 – Hyaluronic Acid Derman Fillers in Facial Aesthetics / Turkey
• 01.03.2015 – Platelet Rich Plasma Therapy (PRP) Facial Aesthetics / Turkey
• 01.03.2015 – Mesotherapy and Collagen Dermal Roller / Turkey
• 09.2016-08.2017 – West London College, English language / UK
• 29.2018- 04.2019 – “How to read and write Phycology” / Turkey
• 30.11- 01.12 .2019 – “Soft tissue surgery” by Cem Yildiz / Turkey

Congresses and Seminars

• 26.12.2011 Dentsply Aesthetic Restoration course / Turkey
• 03.06.2011 BIOMET 3i Dental implant course / Turkey
• 29-01.10.2011 35th Annual Congress of the European Prosthodontic Association / Switzerland
• 25-26.11.2011 Astra Tech 3rd Scientific symposium / Turkey
• 07.10.2012 MİS Educational Seminar, Overdenture Prosthesis / Turkey
• 08.12.2012 MIS Educational, Implant Dentistry / Turkey
• 21.04.2013 MIS Educational, Implant Dentistry / Turkey
• 28-31.09.2013 101st Annual World Dental Congress, FDA/ Turkey
• 12-13.04.2013 ITI congress / Turkey
• 06-07.12.2013 ITI Section Turkey & Azerbaijan / Turkey
• 20.11.2014 Temporomandibular Joint Disorders / Turkey
• 5-6.12.2014 ITI Section Turkey & Azerbaijan / Turkey
• 04-05.12.2015 ITI Section Turkey & Azerbaijan / Turkey
• 19-22.05.2016 8th Annual International Symposium of Advance Protocols in Oral Implantology / Turkey
• 30.11-02.12.2018 ITI Section Turkey & Azerbaijan / Turkey
• 6-8.12.2019 ITI Section Turkey & Azerbaijan / Turkey

Experience

DentSpa Oral and Dental Health Clinic

Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeon
December 2020 – Present, İstanbul/Turkey

Dentsitanbul Hospital

GOral and Maxillofacial Surgeon
May 2016 – July 2021, İstanbul/Turkey

Medipol Uni. Dept of OMFS

Ast. Prof. Dr. Member of Faculty
May 2012 – December 2015, İstanbul/Turkey

Kocaeli Uni. Dept. of OMFS

Ast. Prof. Member of Faculty
May 2009 – April 2012, Kocaeli/Turkey

Marmara Uni. Dept of OMFS

Chief Asistant
September 2007 – November 2008, İstanbul/Turkey

Education

Marmara University Dept. of OMFS

Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeon
September 2002 -November 2008, İstanbul/Turkey

Marmara University Faculty of Dentistry

Dentist
September 1995 – June 2001, İstanbul/Turkey

Publications

• Gökhan Gürler, Serdar Yılmaz, Çağrı Delilbaşı, Emrah Dilaver, A. Patır Münevveroğlu. Conservative surgical treatment of the jaw cysts in children: case study of five patients. Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice, 2017, 20(9):1216-1220
• Gökhan Gürler, Serdar Yılmaz, Çağrı Delilbaşı, Merva Soluk Tekkeşin. A large mass in the mandible of an eight year old child. Selcuk Dent J. 2017, 4:101-105
• Önjen Tak, Serdar Yılmaz, Emre Özel, Meral Kavak. Five-year clinical follow-up of a patient with radicular cyst in the maxillary anterior region. European Journal of Prosthodontics. 2016, 4(1):17
• Özer N, Üçem F, Saruhanoğlu A, Yilmaz S, Tanyeri H. Removal of a maxıllary third molar dısplaced ınto pterygopalatıne fossa vıa ıntraoral approach. Balk J Stom 2012; 16:179-180
• Cilasun Ü, Sinanoğlu E.A, Yılmaz S, Güzeldemir E, Alnıaçık. An Unusual Laryngeal Complication Following Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block. G. Balk J Stom, 2012; 16:179-180
• Özkan Y, Liaje A, Şahin C, Akalın F, Yılmaz S. Subperiostal tünel tekniği ile otojen blok greft uygulamaları. Türk Dişhekimleri Dergisi, 2008, 73:134-141
• Selçuk Basa, Serdar Yılmaz, Altan Varol. Treatment of midface retrusion by maxillary distraction: comparison of rigid intraoral and extraoral distraction systems. Int. J. Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. 2007, 36(11):1001
• Basa S, Varol A, Yılmaz S. Transport distraction osteogenesis of a dentoalveolar segment in the posterior mandible: a technical note. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2007, 65(9): 1862-1864
• Altan Varol, Serdar Yılmaz, Selçuk Basa. Alveolar Distraction Osteogenesis in posterior mandibular ridges. Journal of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery. 2006, 34(1):22-23
• Serdar Yılmaz, Selçuk Basa. The case dependant alveolar reconstruction in oral implantology: Criterias for preferring between alveolar distraction osteogenesis and autogenous bone grafting. Int. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. 2005, 34(1):40
• Yılmaz S, Garip H, Akyüz S, Göker K. Süt dişi çekimi sırasında çocuk davranışlarının Frankl endeksine göre değerlendirilmesi ve bazı fiziksel bulguların saptanması. Akademik Dental, 2003, 5(4):38-44

Oral Presentations and Papers in the Congress

• Ayça Yılmaz, Serdar Yılmaz, Önjen Tak, Işıl Karagöz-Küçükay. Immediate self-replantation of an avulsed tooth and multidiciplinary management after 10-years. IADT 18th World Congress of Dental Traumatology. İstanbul, Turkey, June 2014.
• Serdar Yılmaz, Nedim Özer, Gökhan Gürler, Şükran Tüfekçioğlu, Emrah Dilaver. ‘Total Maxilary Reconstruction Using Anterior Iliac Bone Graft in Atrophic Maxilla: Two Different Techniques.’ ACBID 2014 8th International Congress, Antalya, Turkey, 28 May-1 June 2014.
• Serdar Yılmaz, Nedim Özer, Gökhan Gürler, Emrah Dilaver, Şükran Tüfekçioğlu. ‘Craniofacial Fibrous Dysplasia Threatening Airway: Case Report.’ ACBID 2014 8th International Congress, Antalya, Turkey. 28 May-1 Jube 2014.
• Serdar Yılmaz, Nazlı Altın, Emrah Dilaver, Nedim Özer. ‘Assesment of Accuracy of Preoperative Cephalometric Surgical Planning in Orthognathic Surgery.’ 21st International Conference on Oral and Maxillofaical Surgery, Barcelona, Spain, 21-24 October 2013.
• Serdar Yılmaz, Ülkem Cilasun, Ali İjya Karaman. ‘An unexpected problem during bimaxillary orthognathic surgery.’ 2nd BAMFS and 5th ACBID International Conference, Antalya, Turkey, 25-29 May 2011.
• Serdar Yılmaz, E. Alper Sinanoğlu, Ülkem Cilasun, Yeşim S Gürbüz. ‘Metastatic carcinoma of thyroid gland in inferior alveolar canal: Case Report’. 2nd BAMFS and 5th ACBID International Conference, Antalya, Turkey, 25-29 May 2011.
• Ülkem Cilasun, E. Alper Sinanoğlu, Esra Güzelpınar, Serdar Yılmaz. ‘An unusual laryngeal complication following inferior alveolar nerve block’. 2nd BAMFS and 5th ACBID International Conference, Antalya, Turkey, 25-29 May 2011.
• Ayşe Koçak Büyükdere, Esra Güzeldemir, Serdar Yılmaz. ‘Alternative Therapy for orthodontic treatment: Case Reports’. 16th Congress of the Balkan Stomatological Society, Bucherest, Romenia, 28 April- 1 May 2011.
• Ayşegül Sipahi, Altan Varol, Onur Atalı, Serdar Yılmaz, Selçuk Basa. ‘Reconstruction of the atrophic Maxilla with Interpositional Bone Grafting/Le Fort I Osteotomy and Endosteal Implants.’ 3rd ACBID International Congress, Antalya, TÜRKİYE, Turkey, 22-26 April 2009.
• Onur Atalı, Altan Varol, Ayşegül Sipahi, Serdar Yılmaz, Selçuk Basa. ‘Treatment options for skeletal anterior open bite.’ 3rd ACBID International Congress, Antalya, Turkey, 22-26 April 2009.
• Serdar Yılmaz, Nedim Özer. ‘Treatment options in dentofacial deformities.’ 3rd ACBID International Congress, Antalya, Turkey, 22-26 April 2009.
• Serdar Yılmaz, Selçuk Basa. ‘Postoperative analgesic effect of intraarticular ketamine administration after TMJ arthroscopy.’ 3rd ACBID International Congress, Antalya, Turkey, 22-26 April 2009.
• Serdar Yılmaz, Nedim Özer. ‘Surgical management of benign tumors in young children.’ 3rd ACBID International Congress, Antalya, Turkey, 22-26 April 2009.
• Altan Varol, Serdar Yılmaz, Selçuk Basa. ‘Secondary correction of posttraumatic dentofacial deformaties.’ 3rd ACBID International Congress, Antalya, Turkey, 22-26 April 2009.
• Altan Varol, Ayşegül Sipahi, Onur Atalı, Serdar Yılmaz, Selçuk Basa. ‘Actinomycotic osteomyelitis of the mandible’. 3rd ACBID International Congress, Antalya, Turkey, 22-26 April 2009.
• Ayşegül Sipahi, Altan Varol, Onur Atalı, Sedar Yılmaz, Selçuk Basa. ‘Nerve transposition and implant placement in the atrophic posterior mandibular alveolar ridge’. 3rd ACBID International Congress, Antalya, Turkey, 22-26 April 2009.
• Serdar Yılmaz, Nedim Özer. ‘Reconstruction of atrophic maxilla using onlay bone graft harvested from iliac crest: Report of two cases’. 3rd ACBID International Congress, Antalya, Turkey, 22-26 April 2009.
• Altan Varol, Serdar Yılmaz, Neslihan Türker, Selçuk Basa. ‘Endoscopically assisted transoral open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) for subcondylar fractures of the mandible’. 3rd ACBID International Congress, Antalya, Turkey, 22-26 April 2009.
• Ayşegül Sipahi, Onur Atalı, Serdar Yılmaz, Altan Varol, Selçuk Basa. ‘Correction of mandibular asymmetry in a patient with owren disease: Case report’. 1st ACBID International Congress, Antalya, Turkey, 16-20 May 2007,
• Serdar Yılmaz, Altan Varol, Ayşegül Sipahi, Onur Atalı, Selçuk Basa. ‘Tooth Injuries due to lag screw fixation in saggital split osteotomy: Case report’. 1st ACBID International Congress, Antalya, Turkey, 16-20 May 2007,
• Serdar Yılmaz, Altan Varol, Ayşegül Sipahi, Onur Atalı, Selçuk Basa. ‘Extraoral versus intraoral maxillary distraction osteogenesis: Advantages and disadvantages.’ 1st ACBID International Congress, Antalya, Turkey, 16-20 May 2007,
• Onur Atalı, Ayşegül Sipahi, Serdar Yılmaz, Altan Varol, Selçuk Basa. ‘Blood Transfusion assesstment in orthognathic surgery: A retrospective study.’ 1st ACBID International Congress, Antalya, Turkey, 16-20 May 2007,
• Esra Arpacı, Altan Varol, Serdar Yılmaz, İmad Salih, Selçuk Basa. ‘Temporalis muscle-fascia flap in temporomandibular joint ankylosis.’ 1st ACBID International Congress, Antalya, Turkey, 16-20 May 2007,
• Basa S, Yilmaz S ,Varol A. Treatment of midface retrusion by maxillary distraction: comparison of rigid intraoral and extraoral distraction systems.
  18th International Conference on Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Bangalore, India, 14-18 November 2007.
• Varol A, Yilmaz S, Basa S. Alveolar distraction osteogenesis in posterior mandibular ridges. XVIII European Congress for Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery, Barselona, İspanya, 11-16 Eylül 2006 (Journal of CranioMaxillofacial Surgery 34(2006) Suppl. S1 Abstracts, EACMFS XVIII Congress (O.080)
• Serdar Yılmaz, Selçuk Basa. ‘The case dependant alveolar reconstruction in oral implantology: Criterias for preferring between alveolar distraciton osteogenesis and autogenous bone grafting.’ 17th International Conference on Oral and Maxiloofacial Surgery, Vienna, Austria 28 Agust-4 Sept. 2005.
• Muharrem Güvercin, Onur Gönül, Serdar Yılmaz, Bahar Gürsoy. ‘Reconstruction of large maxillary cyst with demineralized bone graft and membranes: A case report’. 5th International Danubius Conference on Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Budapest, Hungary, 29 April – 1 May 2004.
• Serdar Yılmaz, Muharrem Güvercin, Gühan Dergin, İmad Salih. Reconstruction of a localized maxillary anterior bone defect using autogenous bone graft harvested from mandibular symphisis region: Case report’. 5th International Danubius Conference on Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Budapest, Hungary, 29 April– 1 May 2004.
• B.Cem Şener, Serdar Yılmaz, Ayşe Koçak, Atilla Sertgöz. ‘Segmental osteotomy of the maxillary sinus flor to preserve the alveolar bone height: Case report’. Turkish Dental Association 11th International Congress, Lütfü Kırdar Congress Center, İstanbul, Turkey, 17-22 May. 2004.
• Onur Gönül, Serdar Yılmaz, Hasan Garip, B. Cem Şener, Kamil Göker. ‘Extraoral Fistula Due to Root Angulation: Case Report’. Turkish Dental Association 11th International Congress, Lütfü Kırdar Congress Center, İstanbul, Turkey, 17-22 May. 2004.
• Serdar Yılmaz, Hasan Garip, Serap Akyüz, Kamil Göker. ‘Süt dişi çekimi sırasında çocuk davranışlarının frankl endeksine göre değerlendirilmesi ve bazı fiziksel bulguların saptanması.’ 11th International Congress of the Turkish Association of Oral and Maxillofaicial Surgeons, Antalya, Turkey, 4-8 June 2003.

MEMBERSHIP IN SCIENTIFIC ORGANIZATIONS

• Turkish Dental Association
• İstanbul Dental Chamber
• Association of Turk Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
• Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Society
• International Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery

Dr. Direnç Ulaşan

I was born in 1985 in Konya, a city renowned for Mevlana Jalaluddin Rumi. I completed my secondary education at Meram Anatolian High School in 2003, after which I began my studies at Ankara University Faculty of Dentistry. Following a five-year undergraduate program, I pursued a specialization in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery at the same faculty, undertaking an additional five years of focused training. During the last two years of my specialization, I completed rotations in General Surgery, Otolaryngology, and Anesthesia. Throughout this period, I conducted extensive work in immediate implantology, and my PhD research focused on immediate and short implants.

Following this period, I established Milim Dental Hospital, where I currently lead a dedicated team of 30 professionals, including 9 doctors. Milim Dental Hospital holds the distinction of being Turkey’s first Ministry of Health-approved and internationally accredited health tourism organization. Our institution specializes extensively in procedures such as All-on-4, All-on-6, and zygomatic implants, as well as Hollywood Smile transformations. We maintain an active presence on social media, utilizing platforms like Instagram and TikTok to connect with and inform our audience. For further insights, please feel free to explore Milim Dental’s Instagram page.

I am a member of the Turkish Dental Association, the Bursa Dental Association, the Turkish Society of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (AÇBİD), Archbit, the International Team for Implantology (ITI), and the Turkish Young Businessmen Association (TÜGİAD). These memberships, along with my certifications, reflect my commitment to staying at the forefront of dental advancements and my dedication to professional growth within the field.

I reside in Bursa, a lush, green city known as the first capital of the Ottoman Empire, located just a one-hour drive from Istanbul. Here, I established Milim Dental Hospital with the purpose of offering patients a truly personalized experience in an exclusive environment. Our treatment packages not only address patients’ dental needs but also fulfill the “vacation” aspect of a Dental Holiday. Bursa offers a unique combination of natural beauty and cultural heritage—patients can ski on Mount Uludağ and swim in the sea at Mudanya, an ancient Greek village, all within the same day. The city is also a gastronomic hub and a destination of cultural significance, famously visited by Queen Elizabeth. Additionally, Iznik, renowned for its historical importance, is a short trip away within Bursa. With our VIP transfers and guides, patients can enjoy all these cultural and culinary experiences efficiently, without traffic delays, during their dental treatment’s downtime. This approach allows them to receive a niche, high-quality service that extends beyond traditional dental care.

In addition to my professional qualifications, I have extensive experience working with expatriates in Turkey and have cultivated a broad network among the international community. I am well-traveled, having visited over 30 countries, which has enriched my cultural understanding and adaptability. My frequent travels abroad and my connections with expatriates have greatly influenced my approach to providing culturally sensitive care. Additionally, my daughter was born in the United States, which further strengthens my global perspective and ease in working with individuals from diverse backgrounds.

I am married to Dr. Begüm Ulaşan, an orthodontist, and we have a young daughter. Additionally, I am a passionate collector of both books and automobiles, pursuits that complement my professional and personal life.

Dr. Ömer Bayar was born on October 3, 1992, in Eskişehir, Turkey. After completing his primary and secondary education at Atayurt College between 1998 and 2006, he attended Eskişehir Anadolu High School from 2006 to 2010.

He graduated from Başkent University’s Faculty of Dentistry in 2015 and has been working at his clinic since 2017. In addition, he pursued a PhD in Prosthodontics at Başkent University’s Faculty of Dentistry, graduating as a prosthodontist in 2023.

Dr. Bayar specializes in aesthetic dentistry, smile design, implantology, and oral and maxillofacial surgery. He stays current in his field by attending various international congresses and seminars. His expertise includes full-mouth rehabilitation and smile makeovers for complex dental misalignments and jaw malpositions; implant surgeries for patients with severe bone deficiencies, bone grafting, and the "immediate implant" technique, which involves placing an implant at the time of tooth extraction. His PhD thesis, titled "Surface Roughness of Polished and Glazed 5Y-TZP Monolithic Zirconia Blocks After Brushing Simulation," has been published in both local and international academic journals.