Best Doctors in Spain — Get an Online Consultation

Dr. Jaume Mora Graupera is a pediatric oncologist specializing in the treatment of neuroblastomas, gliomas, Ewing's sarcomas, and Wilms' tumors. He is the Director of the Hematology Oncology Department and Developmental Tumors Laboratory at Sant Joan De Déu - Barcelona Children’s Hospital. He received his medical degree from the University of Barcelona, went on to complete specialty training in pediatrics and fellowships in pediatric hematology oncology and molecular pathology of pediatric cancer at Weill Cornell Medicine and Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center in the USA. He has won multiple awards and is a member of various medical organizations.

Children's Hematologist. Specialist in bone marrow transplantation

Dr. Aranda received his degree in Medicine and Surgery from the Universidad de Málaga in 1983. He specialized in traumatology and orthopedics at the Department of Traumatology and Surgical Orthopedics of the Instituto Dexeus, Barcelona between 1988 and 1993. under the direction of Dr. Villarrubias.

Throughout his medical practice, Dr.Aranda has worked in leading hospitals in Spain, participated in the medical support of the 1992 Olympics in Barcelona and was a traumatologist in the Federación Española de Motociclismo in the European and World Championships in the period 1982 - 1992.

Dr. Aranda currently concentrates his medical practice on the treatment of pathologies of the hip and foot at Hospital Quironsalud Marbella and is a traumatologist at the Sociedad Sportclinic Marbella, a member of the Spanish Society for Hip Surgery Secca.

Distinguished Doctor of Medicine and Surgery, University of Barcelona.

He is a specialist in neurology at the Hospital Clínic de Barcelona.

Dr. Pujol has teaching experience as Professor of Neurology at the Higher Institute of Psychological Studies (ISEP) and as Coordinator of the Neuropsychology Practicum at the University of the Balearic Islands (UIB).

Dr. Pujol's research interests are in the field of neurology: PhD thesis on neurological complications of liver transplantation; SNC manager at Parke Davis; Memory Research Unit coordinator at Sant Pau Hospital; researcher at the IUNICS group of the University of the Balearic Islands.

Dr. Pujol has publications in national and international journals and is a member of the neurology societies:

• American Academy of Neurology.
• Catalan Society of Neurology
• Catalan Academy of Medical Sciences

Clinical experience

Residency in Urology Bellvitge University Hospital (2007/2012)

Urologist Bellvitge University Hospital. (May 2012/November 2021)

Head of Andrology Department, Bellvitge University Hospital. (February 2015/November 2021)

Head of Andrology Department Hospital Clínic of Barcelona (December 2021 present)

Director of the Institute of Andrology and Sexology. Quironsalud Group. (October 2015 January 2018).

Head of Andrology Department Teknon Medical Centre (November 2017 present)

Editor of the International Journal of Andrology (July 2016 present)

Clinical practice in the field of Reproductive Medicine and Sexology Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center. New York City (USA) (March 2016 May 2016)

Education

Doctor of Medicine (Universitat de Barcelona) degree with honors, 2006

Specialization in Urology Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, 2006 2012

Associate Professor of Clinical Andrology (Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona), 2014

Participant of the European Board of Urology (Bruselas UEMS), 2012

Member of the European Committee of Sexual Medicine (Estambul UEMS), 2014

Dr. Javier Centeno obtained his Doctorate in Medicine and Surgery from the University of Barcelona in 1988 and completed his specialization in General and Gastrointestinal Surgery at the Hospital de Mutua de Terrassa between 1989 and 1993.

Afterwards, Dr. Centeno completed additional training in the colorectal surgery department at the Mayo Clinic de Rochester, Minnesota (USA). Since 1993, Dr. Centeno has been a leading specialist in the surgery department at the Teknon Medical Center.

Clinical and scientific work:

Co-organizer of the Seminar on Endorectal Ultrasound Diagnostics. Advances in Colon, Rectum and Anus Surgery. Barcelona. March 1995.

"Visiting Surgeon" in the Department of Colorectal Surgery, Cleveland Clinic Florida, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA, February 1996.

Advanced Course in Laparoscopic Colorectal Surgery. ICARD. EITS, Strasbourg. November 2002.

Postgraduate student, associate professor of the Department of Urogynecoproctological Physiotherapy.

School of Nursing and Physiotherapy, University of Blanquerna. Ramon Llull University. Barcelona. 2003 2015

Accreditation by ERAS-Society (Sweden) in 2016.

Member of scientific communities:

Asociación Española de Cirujanos

· Societat Catalana de Cirurgia

· American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons y de la University of Minnesota Alumni Association.

EDUCATION AND ADVANCED TRAINING

• Doctor of Medicine , University of Barcelona, 1999
• Residency in Orthopaedics and Traumatology at the University Hospital of Bellvitge, Barcelona, completed in 2004

PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE

• Leading specialist in lower limb traumatology, specializing in foot and ankle surgery
• Member of international and national professional associations of orthopedists

SCIENTIFIC ACTIVITIES
Author of scientific publications on key aspects of orthopedics and traumatology, including:

• Bone tissue transplantation for loss of foot and ankle fragments
• Osteomyelitis of the calcaneus : clinical picture and treatment methods
• Pelvic fractures : minimally invasive osteosynthesis methods
• Osteosynthesis in the treatment of pathological fractures of the femur
• Treatment of infections in the area of prosthetic joints
• Treatment of metastatic bone lesions

INTERNSHIPS AND INTERNATIONAL PRACTICE

• 2003 - Trauma Department, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, USA
• 2008 - Department of Foot and Ankle Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, USA

MAIN AREAS OF PRACTICE
Dr. Victor Casals Teixido is one of Spain's leading specialists in orthopedics and traumatology, known for his unique methods of treating injuries and diseases of the lower limbs, foot and ankle.

The combination of his extensive clinical experience, international practice and deep scientific knowledge guarantees patients a highly qualified approach to treating even the most complex cases in the field of traumatology and orthopaedics.

Dr. Sullivan graduated in Medicine and Surgery from the National University of Rosario in 2005, specializing in Medical Oncology through the MIR at the Santa Creu i Sant Pau Hospital (HSCiSP, 2012) in Barcelona.

She received a post-MIR scholarship from the Ministry of Interior from HSPiSP (2012) and then a pre-doctoral scholarship from ISCiii (Rio Hortega – 2013-2015).

In 2014, he moved to Paris where he obtained a DUERTECC diploma at the Gustave Roussy University Hospital (Villejuif), followed by an ESMO scholarship (Georges Mathé Translator Scholarship), which he received in 2016.

Since January 2017, he has been working on the staff of the Medical Oncology Department of the HSCiSP. In the same year, he obtained his PhD from the Autonomous University of Barcelona.

Since 2015, he has been a member of the Board of Directors of the Spanish Lung Cancer Group (GECP). And since 2022, he has been the coordinator of the HSCiSP Committee on Neuroendocrine Tumors.

In November 2021, she joined the IOR Medical Oncology Service and is actively involved in various research projects in the Pangea Lab under the supervision of Dr. Molina.

Dr. Sullivan is involved in several clinical trials in lung cancer and neuroendocrine tumors, many of which have been presented at various international scientific meetings.

She has participated in national and international conferences and is an author and co-author of research articles published in influential journals.

She is currently a member of the Spanish Society of Medical Oncology (SEOM), GECP, European Society of Medical Oncology (ESMO), American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) and the Spanish Group of Neuroendocrine and Endocrine Tumors (GETNE).

Since 2007 I have been the Head of the Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Implantology at the Quirons Hospital in Barcelona.

Our service is aimed at combining the highest quality of medical treatment that we offer with excellent service to our patients. The coexistence of two specialties (oral and maxillofacial surgery and dentistry), covering the entire

Having a clinical spectrum in one space allows us to offer our patients unique care.

My academic training includes: Doctor of Medicine (UB), specialist in Maxillofacial Surgery (Vall d'Hebron Hospital), specialist in Dentistry (UB) and DSIS diploma from ESADE.

Since the beginning of my professional activity I have been actively involved in the scientific life of the specialty:

∙ President of the Spanish Society of Maxillofacial Surgery for the period 2013-2015.

∙ President of the International Conference on Maxillofacial Surgery, held in Barcelona in October 2013.

∙ President of the Catalan-Balearic Society of Maxillofacial and Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 2003-2007.

∙ IAOMS Executive Committee Member-at-Large, 2013–2017

∙ Member of the Board of Directors of the International Academy of Piezosurgery

∙ Member of the National Commission of Maxillofacial Surgery

I am a co-author of the books "Basic Handbook of Implantology" and "Advanced Implant Surgery". I have also written numerous book chapters and scientific journal articles.

I have also taught numerous courses and conferences at national and international events.

Until 2007, I dedicated my career to community medicine at the Vall d'Hebron Hospital, where I was responsible for the training of resident physicians who had completed their training there. I also worked as a teacher for undergraduate students.

Doctor of Medicine from the Autonomous University of Barcelona and Doctor of Dentistry from the University of Barcelona.

∙ Bachelor of Medicine and Surgery, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 1985.

∙ Title of Specialist in Maxillofacial Surgery. Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona 1993.

∙ Title of Specialist in Dentistry. University of Barcelona, 1987.

∙ Doctor of Medicine and Surgery, University of Barcelona, 1994.

∙ Member of the European Board of Maxillofacial Surgery, UEMS, Zurich, 1996.

∙ Diploma in Integrated Management of Health Systems. Esade 2005.

∙ Spanish Society of Maxillofacial Surgery (SECOM). President 2011-2013,

Vice President 2009-2011, Board of Directors since 2003.

∙ Societat Catalanobalear de Surgeon y Maxillofacial e Oral (SCMS). President 2003-2007.

∙ International Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (IAOMS). Member.

∙ International Conference on Maxillofacial Surgery (ICOMS).

Member at Large 2014-2016, Member of the Council of Spain 2006-2011, Chairman of ICOMS 2013.

∙ European Association for Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery (EACMFS). Member.

∙ Author of the books: “Advanced Implant Surgery” and “Basic Guide to Implantology”.

∙ Author of chapters in 13 books on the subject.

∙ Author of 50 articles published in specialized journals and 58 in abstract collections.

Additional education

• Functional Occlusion II – Kois Center, Seattle, USA (October 2018)
• Restorative/Periodontal Interface and Biomechanics – Kois Center, Seattle, USA (June 2018)
• Functional Occlusion I and Advanced Treatment Planning – Kois Center, Seattle, USA (December 2017)
• Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Cosmetic Dentistry – Orlando, USA (2015)
• Mastering Anterior Composites with Dr. Newton Fahl – Fahl Center, Curitiba, Brazil (2014)
• Certificate in Minimally Invasive Dentistry – Dr. Patricia Gaton, University of Valencia (2014)
• Certificate in Implantology – Dr. Matias Volmaro, Buenos Aires, Argentina (2013)
• Diploma in Advanced Periodontology – Complutense, Madrid (2012)

Teaching activities

• Associate Professor in the Master's program in TMJ Dysfunction – International University of Catalonia (2018-2019)
• Lecturer in Minimally Invasive Rehabilitation – University of Valencia (2018-2019)

Professional experience

• Orthopedic Dentist – Clinica Duran y Burgos, Sitges (2016-present)
• Prosthetics and Esthetics – Clínica Prodental, Barcelona (2017-present)
• Prosthetics and Esthetics – Estudi Dental Sarriá, Barcelona (2016-present)
• General Dentist – AJ Moore's, Nottingham, UK (2010-2014)

Internships

• Maxillofacial Surgery – Hospital Clínic de Valencia (6 months, 2010)
• Adhesive Aesthetic Dentistry – University of Valencia (3 months, 2010)

In his daily practice he pays special attention to:

Mohs micrographic surgery (a highly specialized surgical treatment for skin cancer).

Hair research and hair transplantation.

Removal of vascular lesions, pigmented lesions and tattoos using laser.

Skin rejuvenation (laser, peeling, botulinum toxin, fillers) and treatment of pigmented lesions.

Under his leadership, his team performs laser hair removal procedures and other cosmetic procedures.

In addition to other skin pathologies: acne, warts, psoriasis, surgical removal and periodic fight against moles and freckles, atopy, urticaria, etc.

Dr. Camps is President of the International Society of Dermatologic Surgery and founder of the European Society of Mohs Micrographic Surgery, and holds other positions in scientific organizations.

Medical and surgical dermatologist at the Teknon Medical Center

Doctor of Medicine and Surgery, University of Barcelona.

Specialist in medical and surgical dermatology. Doctoral dissertation: "Mohs micrographic surgery".

Expert in dermatological surgery aimed at treating skin tumors.

Head of the Dermatology Service at the General Hospital of Catalonia.

Medical Director of Dermals, S.L. (Teknon Medical Center) since its foundation.

Founder of the European Society of Mohs Micrographic Surgery.

He was President of the International Society of Dermatologic Surgery (ISDS).

Vice President of the Spanish Skin Cancer Association (ASECUT).

Founder of the Spanish Laser Group, belonging to the Spanish Academy of Dermatology (AED).

Founder and Vice President of the Spanish Society of Hair Transplantology.

Active member of a number of national and international dermatological societies.

Organizer, co-author and speaker of numerous courses on dermatology and dermatologic surgery at national and international level.

Dr. César García Madrid is a specialist in angiology, vascular and endovascular surgery and has over 25 years of experience. He is a pioneer in non-surgical treatments for varicose veins and has published over 200 papers devoted to endovascular surgery. He is a member of multiple professional societies and has been awarded multiple prizes.

Dr. Francesc Cobo Valien graduated from the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Barcelona in 1990.

He received his specialization in oncohematology at the Hospital Clínic de Barcelona in 1995. He combined medical practice and research activities in the period 1996-2002.

He received his Doctor of Medicine degree from the University of Barcelona in 2002.

Dr. Kobo continues his research and has been awarded grants:

•Interdepartmental Commission for Innovation of the Generalitat de Catalunya

•Scholarship Fund Universitaria Agustí Pedro i Pons

•Farreras Valentí & Schering Plough School of Hematology Scholarship

•Award for the best report at the Council of the Spanish Hematology Association

•Grant from the Catalan Society of Hematology

Specialization:

•Lymphoma

•Acute leukemia

•Chronic leukemia

•Autoimmune pancytopenia

Experience

- Resident physician in the ophthalmology service of Bellvitge Hospital (2001).

-Commission for training in surgery (cataract surgery) at the San Rafael Hospital

- Study Committee of the Clinical and University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela in the Department of Oculoplastic and Orbital Surgery (Drs. Perez-Moreira and Prada, 2001)

Assistance in consultation and surgery at the Teknoftal Institut Oftàlmic and head of the orbital and oculoplastics department (since 1999)

Since 2001, Deputy Ophthalmologist of the Health Service and the University City of Bellvitge. Since 2003, Head of the Orbital and Oculoplastics Department with accreditation by the Center for Surveillance in Orbital Tumors and Orbital Decompression Surgery for Thyroid Disease.

Resident Lecturer (since 2006)

Specializations: lens surgery, refractive surgery, orbital surgery, lacrimal duct surgery and oculoplastics.

Qualification

Graduate of the Faculty of Medicine and Surgery of the University of Barcelona with outstanding qualifications and an outstanding award

Ophthalmology specialist via MIR

Doctorate at the Autonomous University of Barcelona

Publications

Participation in more than 20 national and international round tables.

Presentation of 25 courses and 46 papers at national and international conferences.

Publication of 2 original articles in national and international specialized journals.

Co-author of 3 books on ophthalmology.

Scientific societies

Member and Fellow of the Spanish Society of Ocular and Orbital Plastic Surgery.

Member and Associate of the Catalan Society of Ophthalmology.

Member of the Ulsa del Mona Foundation, Maputo Hospital, Mozambique 2008

Dr. Balaña received her medical degree from the Central University of Barcelona and completed her residency in medical oncology at one of the best public hospitals in Spain, Vall d'Hebrón Hospital.

She was a leading specialist in the treatment of brain tumors at the Institute of Oncology of Catalonia, a founding member and current president of the Spanish Neuro oncology Research Group (GEINO), and a member of the scientific committee of the European Association for Neuro-Oncology.

He is the recipient of prestigious research grants in the field of brain tumors.

Dr. Balaña is also a member of the European Society of Medical Oncology and the author of modern European protocols for the treatment of brain tumors, as well as the protocols of the Spanish Society of Medical Oncology (SEOM).

Dr. Balaña has published over 400 articles, books and scientific papers at national and international conferences.

He is the author of articles in prestigious scientific publications such as:

Lancet Oncology;

Nature Reviews in Clinical Oncology;

Clinical Cancer Research and others.

Experience

• Resident physician at the Princess of Spain Hospital, Bellvitge (until December 1996).
• Scholarship from the Ciutat Sanitària i Universitària de Bellvitge (1997), focused on the treatment of type I diabetes.
• Physician in the Department of Internal Medicine at the Bellvitge Hospital (until March 1999).
• Endocrinologist at the Dr. Josep Trueta Hospital in Girona (until September 2000).
• Member of the medical staff of the Teknon Centre since 2002.

Education

• Degree in Medicine and Surgery from the University of Valencia (1992).
• Specialist in endocrinology and nutrition (since 1997).

Scientific activity

• Dissertation : "Study of the pituitary-adrenal axis in pituitary diseases."

Teaching

• Lecturer in Endocrinology and Metabolism at the International University of Catalonia.
• Participation in conferences and publications on diabetes and the pituitary-adrenal axis in national and international journals.

· Leading specialist in the field of rheumatology

· Clinical experience: more than 10 years.

· Specialization: arthrosis of the knee and other joints, arthritis, osteoporosis, gout, spondylitis, lupus.

· Member of international scientific communities, author of more than 50 reports and articles in scientific journals.

Dr. Francisco Castro Dominguez holds a degree in Medicine and Surgery from the University of Santiago de Compostela.

As part of his studies, he completed an internship at the Humboldt University in Berlin, visiting the Charité Hospital. Years later, he became a specialist in rheumatology after completing a residency period at the Hospital del Mar i l'Esperanza in Barcelona, and completed advanced training in knee osteoarthritis and sports medicine at the Royal North Shore Hospital, University of Sydney, Australia.

He completed his studies with a Master's degree in Medical Management at the University of Barcelona and worked as a postdoctoral fellow in the Inflammation and Cartilage Research Unit at the Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques.

Scientific work:

Currently, the doctor holds the position of Coordinator of the Osteoarthritis Working Group of the Spanish Society of Rheumatology (ARTROSER), collaborating as a researcher in several multidisciplinary projects aimed at studying the phenotyping of knee osteoarthritis, and as an advisor in institutional projects related to the formation of treatment protocols and care for patients with knee and hip osteoarthritis.

Member of scientific communities:

Sociedad Española de Reumatología.

· Sociedad Catalana de Reumatología.

· Sociedad Catalana de Medicina Deportiva.

· Sociedad Española de Directivos de la Salud.

· EMEUNET European League Against Rheumatism.

Work and teaching experience:

April 2020 – present: Head of Pulmonology Service, Teknon Medical Center. Barcelona, Spain

October 2019 – present Doctoral student at the Autonomous University of Barcelona (Doctorate in Medicine)

December 2018 – present: Junior Physician, Pulmonology Department, El Pilar Hospital. Barcelona. Spain

October 2018-2019. Therapist. Emergency Service of the Teknon Medical Center. Barcelona. Spain.

March 2018 – December 2020: Data Manager of the EARCO Registry (European Collaboration on Clinical Trials Alpha-1). Coordinator of the MIDIMAR study (Characterization of the daily walking minutes variable as a useful indicator of physical activity in patients with COPD). Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR). Pulmonology Service. Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona. Spain

January 2018 – present: Member of the research group of the Catalan Centre of Excellence in Pulmonology Service. Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona. Spain.

November 2017 – February 2019: EPI-SCAN and CatCoVeR Clinical Trial Coordinator, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR). Pulmonology Service. Vall d'Hebron University Hospital. Barcelona. Spain

2006-2017 Pulmonologist. Head of the Pulmonology Service of the Valentina Canabal Clinical Center. Barquisimeto-Venezuela. Coordinator-Head of the Sleep and Lung Function Laboratory.

2006-2014 Chief Physician of the Pulmonology Service of the Central University Antonio Maria Pineda. Barquisimeto-Venezuela

2006-2013 Lecturer in the Department of Pulmonology for internal medicine residents. Faculty of Medicine. Antonio Maria Pineda Central University Hospital. Barquisimeto. Venezuela.

2006-2008 Lecturer-Professor (position by competition). Section of Physiology. Division of Functional Sciences. Faculty of Medicine. Central Western University Lisandro Alvarado. Barquisimeto-Venezuela

2004-2005 Teaching Fellow in the subject: Pulmonary Functional Study for the Bachelor of Cardiopulmonary Technology. Central University of Venezuela. University Hospital of Caracas. Caracas-Venezuela.

2004-2005 Chief Resident Physician of the Pulmonology and Thoracic Surgery Service of the Central University of Venezuela. University Hospital of Caracas.

2003-2006 Resident physician in Clinical Pulmonology at the Central University of Venezuela, University Hospital of Caracas.

2002-2003 Chief Resident in Internal Medicine. Central Western University Lisandro Alvarado. Central University Hospital Antonio Maria Pineda

2000-2003 Resident physician of the postgraduate course in internal medicine. Internal Medicine Service Central University Hospital Antonio Maria Pineda

1999-2002 Faculty member and active researcher in the Physiology Section. Department of Functional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Centro Cidade Lisandro Alvarado

1999-2000 Rural Doctor at Padre Oliveros Hospital. Municipality of Nirgua. State of Yaracuy, Venezuela

1994-1998 Trainer-teacher (competitive position) Physiology Section. Department of Functional Sciences. Dean of the Faculty of Medicine. Central West University Lisandro Alvarado

1993-1997 Research Intern at the Laboratory of Exercise Physiology Levels I, II and III of the Council for Scientific, Humanitarian and Technological Development (CDCHT) of the Central-West University “Lisandro Alvarado”.

Experience in the pharmaceutical industry:

Medical consultant for Pfizer Venezuela (Champix).

Medical consultant for Boehringer Ingelheim Venezuela (SPIRIVA)

Director of the center (principal investigator) of clinical trials of phase IIIB of Novartis and AstraZeneca.

Qualification

2006 Pulmonology Specialist. Central University of Venezuela. University Hospital of Caracas. Venezuela

2003 Specialist in Internal Medicine. Central-Western University "Lisandro Alvarado" Central University Hospital Antonio Maria Pineda. Barquisimeto, Venezuela. Graduated with honors

1998. Graduated from the Faculty of Medicine and Surgery of the Central Technological University Lisandro Alvarado, Barquisimeto-Venezuela. Graduated with honors.

Publications

1.- Analysis of blood biomarkers in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma-COPD co-occurrence (ACO). Gava G, Nunez A, Esquinas S, Sarasate M, Loeb E, Pirina P, Miravitles M, Barrecheguren M. COPD. 2020 Jun;17(3):306-310.

2.- Practical guide for the identification and diagnosis of asthma-COPD overlap (ACO). Nunez A, Sarasate M, Loeb E, Esquinas S, Miravitles M, Barrecheguren M. COPD. 2019 Feb;16(1):1-7.

3.- Nunez A, Sarasate M, Loeb E, Esquinas S, Miravitles M, Barrecheguren M. Practical guidelines for the identification and diagnosis of asthma-COPD overlap (ACO). COPD. 2019 Feb 21:1-7.

4.- Sexual and skeletal muscle characteristics in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Sonia J. Torres, Maria Montes de Oca, Eduardo Loeb, Abdon Mata, Noelina Hernadez. Respiratory Medicine (2011) 105, 88-94.

5.- Lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes in skeletal muscle of patients with COPD Sonia H. Torres, Maria Montes de Oca, Eduardo Loeb, Priva Zabner-Oziel, Valentina Wallis, Noelina Hernandez Arca Bronconeumol. 2009;45:75-80.

6.- Peripheral Muscle Changes in Non-COPD Smokers. Maria Montes de Oca, Eduardo Loeb, Sonia J. Torres, PhD, Juan De Sanctis, Noelina Hernandez, and Carlos Talamo, MD. CHEST, January 2008, vol. 133 no. 1 13–18