Dental tourism market in Thailand is set to reach $3.2 billion by 2030, with a remarkable annual growth rate of 22.6%. This booming industry shows how many patients are seeking dental care in countries like Thailand, Turkey, and Mexico for affordable dental implants. In the U.S., the cost of titanium implants can range from $2,000 to $4,000. In contrast, high-quality implants abroad can be found for as little as $350 to $800. Clinics are accredited by organizations such as the Joint Commission International (JCI). This Bookimed guide will explore the differences between zirconium and titanium implants. It aims to help patients make informed choices while enjoying significant savings.
Key Takeaways: Zirconium vs. Titanium Implants
💰 Significant savings.
Zirconium Implants: Turkey ($400 - $800); Mexico ($350 - $650); Thailand ($500 - $700); US/UK ($1,000 - $2,500).
Titanium implants: Turkey ($350 - $800); Mexico ($650 - $1,300); Thailand ($1,200 - $1,600); US/UK ($2,000 - $4,000).
📜 High-quality care. Both zirconium and titanium implants are available at accredited clinics by organizations like JCI.
🎁 All-inclusive packages. Many clinics offer packages that cover treatment, accommodation, and transfers for both implant types.
🔍 Suitable Applications.
Zirconium Implants are ideal for patients with metal allergies and aesthetic needs.
Titanium Implants are best for durability and strength in molars and high-stress areas.
Table of Contents:
- The Basics of Dental Implants
- Zirconium vs. Titanium Implants
- Zirconia Implants vs Titanium Cost
- Titanium vs Zirconia Crown Cost
- All-Inclusive Dental Implant Packages
- Zirconia Implants vs Titanium Implants: Procedure
- Longevity of Dental Implants
- Top Dental Implant Countries
- Safety of Zirconia and Titanium Dental Implants
- FAQs
The Basics of Dental Implants
Dental implants, whether made from titanium or zirconia, are reliable options for tooth replacement. A large-scale study showed a 98.5% survival rate for implants placed right after tooth extraction, with a follow-up period of up to 70 months.
🟢The choice of implant material, such as titanium or zirconium, can significantly impact the aesthetic outcomes. It’s best for patients to consult a dental expert or use platforms like Bookimed to find trusted clinics.
Dental implants are artificial roots placed in the jawbone to replace missing teeth. They consist of three parts: the implant fixture, abutment, and crown.
Parts of a dental implant
- 🔩 Implant fixture. Usually made from titanium or zirconium, this post serves as the root. It bonds with the bone through a process called osseointegration, providing vital support.
- 🔗 Abutment. This piece connects the implant fixture to the crown and can be made from materials like titanium alloy or zirconium dioxide.
- 👑 Crown. The visible part of the implant that mimics natural teeth is often made from ceramic materials like zirconia or porcelain. Ceramic implants are known for their excellent biocompatibility and aesthetic benefits, making them a popular choice for dental restorations.
Benefits of dental implants
- 🛡️ Durability. With good care, titanium and zirconia implants last a long time.
- 🍽️ Functionality. They feel and function like natural teeth, allowing for easy eating and speaking.
- 🌟 Aesthetic appeal. Zirconia implants blend seamlessly with natural teeth, ideal for visible areas.
- 🦴 Bone health. Implants help maintain bone density and prevent bone loss.
- ❗When deciding between zirconium and titanium implants, patients should consider aesthetics, cost, and potential metal allergies.
Zirconium vs. Titanium Implants
When considering dental restorations, patients often choose between zirconium and titanium implants. Each material has its unique properties. These properties make certain materials better for specific dental situations, especially when replacing missing teeth.
🦷 What are zirconium implants?
Zirconium implants, also known as zirconia implants, are made from zirconium dioxide. This ceramic material is well-known for its aesthetic qualities and biocompatibility. Zirconium implants blend seamlessly with natural teeth in visible areas. They are metal-free, which benefits patients with metal allergies or sensitivities. Their resistance to corrosion adds to their durability in the mouth. A study found a cumulative survival rate of 92% for zirconia implants.
🦷 What are titanium implants?
Titanium implants, often referred to as traditional titanium implants, are made from titanium metal. This material is recognized for its strength and long history in dental use. Titanium implants excel in osseointegration, which integrates with the bone, ensuring a stable foundation for tooth replacements.
This stability is vital for long-term success and reduces the risk of implant fractures. A study showed an impressive success rate of 96.89% for titanium implants placed between 2014 and 2019. This highlights the reliability of this treatment. Titanium alloys can offer even greater strength.
Key differences: zirconium vs titanium implants
| Feature | Zirconium implants | Titanium implants |
|---|---|---|
| Material | Zirconia | Titanium |
| Aesthetic appeal | Excellent | Good (metallic) |
| Biocompatibility | High (metal-free) | High |
| Corrosion resistance | High | Moderate |
| Osseointegration | Moderate | Excellent |
| Durability | Good | Excellent |
| Cost | Generally higher ($1,600 - $2,500) | Generally lower ($1,100 - $2,000) |
Zirconia Implants vs Titanium Cost
The cost of dental implants varies widely depending on the country. Patients considering zirconium implants vs titanium often find more affordable options abroad than home prices.
In the United States, zirconia implants typically cost between $1,600 and $2,500, while titanium implants range from $1,100 to $2,000. The prices are similar in the United Kingdom, where zirconia implants cost between $1,400 and $2,000 and titanium implants range from $800 to $1,500. Unfortunately, these countries have no savings, as these reflect domestic pricing.
Zirconia dental implants cost comparison table
| Country | Individual implant cost (USD) | All-on-4 cost (USD) | All-on-6 cost (USD) |
|---|---|---|---|
| United States | $5,000 - $6,000 | $24,000 - $30,000 | $28,000 - $31,000 |
| United Kingdom | $4,400 - $5,520 | $14,900 - $20,000 | $15,000 - $20,000 |
| Turkey | $350 - $440 | $2,500 - $5,000 | $3,000 - $7,000 |
| Mexico | $650 - $890 | $8,000 - $12,000 | $11,000 - $16,000 |
| Thailand | $1,000 | $7,900 - $9,800 | $5,000 - $19,000 |
In contrast, patients can save significantly by choosing dental implants in countries like Turkey, Mexico, and Thailand. In Turkey, zirconia implants range from $800 to $1,200, while titanium implants cost between $350 and $800. This results in savings of 30-50% compared to Western prices. In Mexico, zirconia implants can cost between $450 and $650, and titanium implants range from $650 to $1,300, leading to savings of about 20-40%.
Titanium dental implants cost comparison table
| Country | Individual implant cost (USD) | All-on-4 cost (USD) | All-on-6 cost (USD) |
|---|---|---|---|
| United States | $1,500 - $5,000 | $15,000 - $40,000 | $28,000 - $31,000 |
| United Kingdom | $3,300 - $5,500 | $24,000 - $30,000 | $26,000 - $30,500 |
| Turkey | $350 - $800 | $3,000 - $6,000 | $5,000 - $15,000 |
| Mexico | $650 - $1,300 | $6,000 - $7,500 | $7,085 - $14,255 |
| Thailand | $1,200 - $1,600 | $7,600 - $12,000 | $8,000 - $16,000 |
💚Consulting with a qualified medical coordinator from Bookimed can help patients make informed choices based on their budget and specific dental needs.
Titanium vs Zirconia Crown Cost
Each type of crown offers unique benefits, aesthetics, and costs that can significantly influence the decision-making process.
Cost of dental implants titanium vs zirconium crowns by country.
| Country | Zirconia crown cost (USD) | Titanium crown cost (USD) |
|---|---|---|
| United States | $1,600 - $2,500 | $1,100 - $2,000 |
| United Kingdom | $1,400 - $2,000 | $800 - $1,500 |
| Turkey | $150 - $200 | $100 - $250 |
| Mexico | $450 - $650 | $300 - $600 |
| Thailand | $500 - $700 | $400 - $600 |
Titanium crowns generally cost between $1,100 and $2,000 in the U.S. and $800 to $1,500 in the U.K., while zirconia crowns range from $1,600 to $2,500 in the U.S. and $1,400 to $2,000 in the U.K. Both crowns are significantly more affordable in countries like Turkey (zirconia: $150-$200, titanium: $100-$250) and Mexico (zirconia: $450-$650, titanium: $300-$600).
All-Inclusive Dental Implant Packages
🎁 Bookimed's partner clinics provide packages at rates lower than typical direct payments. Exclusive offers and special deals make dental crown replacements even more affordable.
All-inclusive dental implant packages cover everything from the initial consultation to final placement, including diagnostics like X-rays and impressions. Travel arrangements, such as airport transfers and hotel stays, are included, along with language assistance and a personal medical coordinator for seamless support. Bookimed provides dedicated assistance throughout the process.
- Method: Smile Makeover with 24 Zirconium Crowns (Hollywood Smile)
- Maryam Fazeli completed her specialization with a thesis on implant-supported prostheses at Izmir Katip Çelebi University.
- Nifa Dent International focuses on "Aesthetic Smile Design" and "Hollywood Smile" applications.
- Included Services: 3D CT scan, breakfast only, hotel, consultation with a doctor, language assistance, crowns, digital smile design, intraoral imaging, panoramic X-ray, sedation, temporary prosthesis, 4* hotel, transfer airport-hotel-clinic-airport.
- Stay Info: 5 days stay in the hotel, included in the price.
- Method: Hollywood Smile (8 Laminate Veneers)
- Dr. Aylin Turan is a member of the Academy of Esthetic Dentistry Association.
- Istanbul Aesthetic Plastic Surgery Center serves over 4,000 patients for plastic procedures annually.
- Included Services: Consultation with a dentist, Panoramic X-ray, Local anesthesia, Follow-up visit, Consumable materials, Language assistance, VIP transfer, 4* Hotel.
- Stay Info: 1 Day stay in the hospital, 6 Days stay in the hotel, included in the price.
- Method: Smile Makeover
- Aykut Onol has performed over 19,500 treatments, specializing in high-quality, custom-made prosthodontic solutions.
- Morsia Dental Clinic uses the latest technologies for shorter surgery times and faster recovery.
- Included Services: Consultation with a dentist, crown(s), panoramic X-ray, video or text consultation.
- Stay Info: 7 days stay in the hotel, accommodation is not included.
- Method: Hollywood Smile Makeover Aesthetic Zirconium Crowns (24 Teeth)
- Ramazan Koyuncu has achieved a 99.9% success rate for Hollywood Smile procedures.
- New Era Smile Dental Clinic boasts a 99.9% success rate for Hollywood Smile treatments.
- Included Services: Panoramic X-ray, Consultation with a dentist, 3-star hotel, Transfer airport-hotel-clinic-airport.
- Stay Info: 6 days stay in the hotel, Accommodation is included in the price.
- Technique: Hollywood Smile
- Dt Fulya Gulener has performed numerous successful Hollywood Smile procedures.
- Hair Clinic has a 99.0% success rate for dental crown installation.
- Included Services: 4* hotel, transfer airport-hotel-clinic-airport
- Stay Info: 0 days stay in the hospital, 10 days stay in the hotel, included in the price.
Zirconia Implants vs Titanium Implants: Procedure
Patients often examine the benefits and procedures of both zirconia and titanium implants when considering dental implants. Each material presents unique steps and factors that can affect the overall experience and final results.
🦷 Procedure for titanium implants
The process for titanium implants starts with a consultation where the dentist evaluates the patient's oral health using X-rays or 3D imaging. Under general anesthesia, a titanium post is surgically placed into the jawbone, which may require incisions in the gum tissue. After placement, the implant undergoes osseointegration, fusing with the bone over several months for stability. Once healed, an abutment is placed on the implant to hold the crown, which is attached after further healing.
🦷 Procedure for Zirconia Implants
The procedure begins similarly with a consultation and imaging assessment for zirconia implants. The zirconia implant is then placed in the jawbone under general anesthesia. Unlike titanium, many zirconia implants are one-piece systems, which may not require a separate abutment. After the healing period, the crown is attached directly to the implant.
🦷 Key differences in procedure
| Feature | Titanium Implants | Zirconia Implants |
|---|---|---|
| Material handling | More forgiving, strong | Requires careful handling |
| Abutment requirement | Typically requires an abutment | Often one-piece system |
| Healing time | Similar osseointegration | Similar osseointegration |
Longevity of Dental Implants
When thinking about dental implants, the longevity and maintenance of titanium and zirconium implants are critical factors for patients. Understanding the differences between these two materials can help patients make informed choices for their dental restorations.
⏳ Longevity of dental implants
Titanium implants
Titanium implants are known for their durability, often lasting 20 to 30 years or more. This strength comes from titanium's ability to bond with the jawbone through osseointegration, creating a stable foundation for long-term use.
Zirconia implants
Zirconia implants are also strong and can last many years. While they don’t have as long a history as titanium, zirconia implants offer biocompatibility and resistance to wear.
| Implant type | Estimated longevity | Factors affecting longevity |
|---|---|---|
| Titanium implants | 20 - 30 years or more | Osseointegration, bone density, oral hygiene |
| Zirconia implants | 10 - 20 years | Biocompatibility, wear resistance, proper care |
🦷 Maintenance of dental implants
Both titanium and zirconia implants need regular care to ensure they last.
Strong and flexible, titanium dental implants can withstand stress but may get scratched by abrasive tools or toothpaste. Titanium alloys are durable but still need proper care. Less prone to visible wear, metal implants like titanium are easier to maintain cosmetically.
Zirconium dental implants, made of strong, solid ceramic materials, are a metal-free alternative ideal for patients who prefer not to have any metal in their bodies. These implants are biocompatible and offer holistic health benefits. However, zirconium dental implants are more brittle and prone to chipping or cracking.
Patients should avoid hard or sticky foods to protect these zirconium implants. They require regular cleaning to prevent staining and plaque buildup, ensuring they maintain their aesthetic appearance.
Top Dental Implant Countries
Around 1.2 million Americans travel overseas for dental care each year, attracted by the potential for significant savings. Patients can save between 30% to 70% compared to prices in their home countries. This trend underscores the rising popularity of dental tourism, particularly in countries like Turkey, Mexico, and Thailand.
They provide high-quality care at competitive prices. Many dental clinics in these countries are accredited by international organizations such as The Joint Commission International (JCI), ensuring they adhere to strict safety standards.
Turkey
Turkey has established itself as a premier destination for dental tourism, especially for zirconia and titanium implants.
Advantages
🏷️ Affordable prices. Patients can receive approximately $350 to $800 titanium implants and zirconia implants for $150 to $200.
👨⚕️ Experienced dentists. Turkey has numerous dental specialists trained in various international settings like Canada and the United States.
🕌 Cultural attractions. Patients can explore Turkey's rich history and beautiful landscapes while undergoing treatment.
Disadvantages
🔊 Language barrier. Some clinics may have limited English-speaking staff, leading to potential communication challenges.
📅 Follow-up care. Post-treatment follow-up can be difficult if patients return home immediately after the procedure.
These Offers Might Interest You:
- Implant type: 1 tooth implantation
- Dr. Hasan Onur Akin received his certification from the International Team for Implantology (ITI) in 2020.
- WestDent Clinic has a 99% success rate for all dental procedures.
- Included Services: Consultation with a dentist, consultation with a surgeon, abutment + abutment screw, dental implant(s), professional oral hygiene, language assistance, panoramic X-ray, local anesthesia, consultation with a doctor, video or text consultation, 4* hotel, transfer airport-hotel-clinic-airport.
- Stay Info: 0 days stay in the hospital, 9 days stay in the hotel, included in the price.
- Implant type: Straumann Implant
- Fahri Doruk is a graduate of Ege University Faculty of Dentistry, emphasizing conservative and aesthetic treatments.
- Dent48 - FDent Turkey Clinic boasts a 99.9% success rate for dental implants.
- Included Services: Video or text consultation, consultation with a doctor, local anesthesia, VIP transfer.
- Stay Info: 7 days stay in the hotel, accommodation is not included in the price.
Mexico
Mexico has become a favored destination for dental tourism, particularly for U.S. patients seeking affordable dental solutions.
Advantages
🌎 Proximity. Mexico's proximity to the U.S. makes it convenient for patients, especially those in border states.
🏥 Variety of clinics. Mexico boasts numerous dental clinics, allowing patients to compare services and prices easily.
🪇 Cultural experience. Visitors can immerse themselves in Mexico's vibrant culture and local attractions while receiving treatment.
Disadvantages
⚖️ Quality variation. The quality of care can vary significantly between clinics, requiring thorough research.
🏥 Limited insurance coverage. Many insurance plans do not cover dental procedures performed abroad, adding to the out-of-pocket expense.
Thailand
Thailand is increasingly recognized as a top destination for dental tourism, attracting patients with its advanced medical facilities.
Advantages
💵 Cost-effective options. Patients can find titanium implants for $1,200 to $1,600 and zirconia implants for $500 to $700.
📦 Comprehensive services. Many clinics provide all-inclusive packages that cover dental procedures, accommodation, and airport transfers.
🏖️ Tourist-friendly. Thailand offers beautiful beaches, rich culture, and a welcoming atmosphere for international visitors.
Disadvantages
✈️ Long travel distance: For some implant patients, the distance may be a barrier, especially those traveling from North America.
🌐 Cultural differences: Navigating cultural differences and potential language barriers can be challenging.
These Offers Might Interest You:
- Implant type: Zirconium Implant, Straumann
- Dr. Pawak Tungthangthum was trained in the USA and Thailand in advanced implantology.
- Kitcha Dental Clinic serves 6,000 patients annually, including many from Europe, the Commonwealth, and Asia.
- Included Services: Follow-up examination, follow-up visit, general ward.
- Stay Info: 0 days stay in the hospital, 0 days stay in the hotel, not included in the price.
- Veneer type: Ceramic veneers, starting at 8 teeth
- Pongkarn Kanjanawattana has performed more than 30 cases of beauty queen veneers.
- Hachi Dental Clinic is recognized across Thailand for its expertise in cosmetic dentistry, especially ceramic veneers.
- Included Services: Panoramic X-ray, consultation with a doctor, digital smile design, consultation with a dentist, video or text consultation.
- Stay Info: 0 days stay in the hospital, 30 days stay in the hotel, accommodation is not included.
Safety of Zirconia and Titanium Dental Implants
Zirconia and titanium implants are considered safe, biocompatible implant materials when evaluating dental implants. Their differences lie in their composition, durability, and potential risks, making it important to understand their safety profiles.
A review indicates that zirconia and titanium dental implants offer comparable survival rates, with zirconia implants achieving success rates between 57.5% and 93.3%, while titanium implants range from 57.1% to 100%. Notably, zirconia implants excel in aesthetic outcomes, making them a more attractive choice for patients prioritizing appearance.
Safety of titanium implants
Titanium has been widely used in dental implants for decades, with a well-documented safety record. This success is mainly due to osseointegration, where the titanium implant fuses directly with the jawbone, providing stability. Titanium dental implants are generally safe, with low risks of rejection or adverse immune responses after the dental work.
A study focused on Brånemark TiUnite implants, revealing an impressive success rate of 97.1% after an average of 11 years. The implants exhibited minimal bone loss and maintained healthy surrounding tissue. These findings suggest that titanium implants with an oxidized surface offer excellent long-term results for various dental restorations.
Safety of zirconia implants
Zirconia implants show excellent bone integration. Zirconia is ideal for patients with metal allergies, as it is free from metallic elements and exhibits a lower risk of corrosion and inflammation compared to titanium. However, zirconia is more brittle than titanium, which may lead to fracture under excessive stress.
A review found no significant difference in bone to implant contact (BIC) between titanium and machined zirconia implants. However, acid-etched zirconia implants had better BIC than titanium implants. Additionally, unmodified zirconia implants performed better than those with modified surfaces. Overall, acid-etched zirconia implants could be a good option for
Why is it safe to get dental implants abroad?
Going for dental implants abroad can be a safe and practical choice for many patients. Here are key reasons why:
🟢 Organizations such as The Joint Commission International (JCI), the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), and the Dental Board of California offer accreditation and guidelines to ensure clinics meet stringent safety and quality standards.
🟢 Dentists in these countries often have training from reputable U.S. or European institutions. They are usually members of professional dental associations, such as the American Dental Association (ADA) or equivalent bodies in their home countries. For example, the Turkish Dental Association (TDB).
🟢 Clinics abroad frequently use state-of-the-art equipment and techniques, including computer-guided surgery, ensuring effective and safe procedures. For instance, many use 3D printing to create precise dental models.
🟢 Overseas countries have regulations to protect patients, providing additional security. For example, countries in the European Union, such as Poland, have stringent regulations governing medical practices.
Potential risks of zirconia vs titanium dental implants
This table outlines the essential risks and distinctions between zirconia and titanium implants. It aids patients in making informed decisions tailored to their specific needs and oral health considerations.
| Risk | Titanium implants | Zirconia implants |
|---|---|---|
| Allergic reactions | Rare, possible metal allergies (1-2%) | None, suitable for patients with metal allergies |
| Corrosion | Low risk but can occur over time | No risk, zirconia is resistant to corrosion |
| Fracture risk | Low; titanium is strong and durable | Higher risk, zirconia is more brittle and prone to fractures |
| Inflammation | Minimal, rare instances of peri-implantitis | Very low, less prone to inflammation due to biocompatibility |
| Osseointegration | High success rate (98%) | Good, but slightly less documented history compared to titanium |
| Stress handling | Excellent, flexible under heavy chewing forces | Brittle, requires caution with hard foods |
Safe brands of titanium and zirconia dental implants
Opting for these trusted brands reduces the risks associated with dental implants. This table presents reputable brands for titanium and zirconia implants. For example, Straumann implants are a dependable choice for dental restoration.
The retrospective cohort study of 4,591 Straumann implants highlights the brand's reliability, showing cumulative survival rates of 99.3% at 3 years, 99.0% at 5 years, and 98.4% at 7 years.
| Brand | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Nobel Biocare | Titanium/Zirconia | Known for its innovative designs and long-term success in both dental materials. |
| Straumann | Titanium | Offers high-quality titanium implants with advanced surface technologies. |
| Dentsply Sirona | Titanium | Provides a range of titanium implants with proven performance. |
| CeraRoot | Zirconia | Specializes in metal-free zirconia implants for aesthetic solutions. |
| Alpha-Bio Tec | Zirconia | Offers reliable zirconia implants with a commitment to quality. |
FAQs
What is the zirconia and zirconium difference?
While "zirconia" and "zirconium" may sound similar, they refer to different materials with distinct uses. Zirconium is a metal on the periodic table, represented by the symbol Zr. It is known for its strength and corrosion resistance and is suitable for high-stress applications. In contrast, zirconia is a compound made from zirconium and oxygen (ZrO₂) and is commonly used in dental applications and ceramics due to its aesthetic qualities and durability.
🟢 Zirconium is flexible and has a high melting point of about 3,371°F, making it ideal for environments like nuclear reactors. Zirconia, however, is hard and somewhat brittle, making it excellent for dental crowns and implants, as it resembles natural teeth.
❗Zirconium can be used in medical applications, but zirconia is preferred for implants due to its biocompatibility and safety in contact with body tissues.
In summary, zirconium is a strong metal for high-stress applications, while zirconia is a durable ceramic favored in dental uses. Understanding these differences helps in making informed choices, particularly for dental implants or other medical applications.
Is zirconium better than titanium?
Both materials have unique benefits when comparing zirconium (zirconia) and titanium for dental implants. Zirconium implants are tooth-colored and biocompatible, making them ideal for those worried about metal exposure. Titanium implants, however, offer superior strength, durability, and proven osseointegration. While zirconium is aesthetically pleasing, titanium is often more accessible and less expensive. The best choice depends on individual needs, so consulting a dental professional is essential.
What is the healthiest dental implant?
The healthiest dental implant depends on individual needs. Titanium implants are reliable and promote effective osseointegration, while zirconium offers a metal-free alternative for those with sensitivities.
Related Articles
1. Dental Implants Abroad: Comprehensive Guide 2024
2. Affordable Dental Implants: Top 7 Countries With Best Offers
4. Why Getting Teeth Done in Turkey is a Top Choice for Dental Tourists
- Survival and success of zirconia compared with titanium implants: a systematic review and meta-analysis / N. M. Padhye et al. Clinical Oral Investigations. 2023. URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-023-05242-5 (date of access: 11.10.2024).
- Success and patient satisfaction of immediately loaded zirconia implants with fixed restorations one year after loading / R. Rutkowski et al. BMC Oral Health. 2022. Vol. 22, no. 1. URL: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-022-02231-0 (date of access: 11.10.2024).
- Implant failure rate and the prevalence of associated risk factors: a 6-year retrospective observational survey / N. Thiebot et al. Journal of Oral Medicine and Oral Surgery. 2022. Vol. 28, no. 2. P. 19. URL: https://doi.org/10.1051/mbcb/2021045 (date of access: 11.10.2024).
- Hafezeqoran A., Koodaryan R. Effect of Zirconia Dental Implant Surfaces on Bone Integration: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. BioMed Research International. 2017. Vol. 2017. P. 1–12. URL: https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/9246721 (date of access: 11.10.2024).French D.,
- Larjava H., Ofec R. Retrospective cohort study of 4591 Straumann implants in private practice setting, with up to 10‐year follow‐up. Part 1: multivariate survival analysis. Clinical Oral Implants Research. 2014. Vol. 26, no. 11. P. 1345–1354. URL: https://doi.org/10.1111/clr.12463 (date of access: 11.10.2024).