He was born in Niğde which is the city middle part of Anatolia. He studied high school in Adana. He graduated from Ankara University Medical School of Medicine. He started his career at Bakırköy Neurological Sciences Hospital in Zeki Oral MD.’s Clinic in 1987 and finished his Neurosurgery residency in 1993. During this period, he completed his micro neurosurgery education, which was a breakthrough for him, at Zurich University “Professor M. Gazi Yaşargil’s Clinic”.
Between 1993-2003, he worked as a teaching assistant and then as an assistant professor at the Professor Necmettin Pamir’s Clinic, Faculty of Medicine, Marmara University. At the same time, he obtained clinical and surgical gains in the field of neurooncology and vascular neurosurgery at Professor Donlin M. Long and Daniele Rigamonti's Clinic at Johns Hopkins University, USA. In 2003, he received the title of Associate Professor of Neurosurgery.
Between 2004-2010, he worked as Chief of Clinic in Göztepe Training and Research Hospital of Ministry of Health. During this period, he led his clinic to become the only accredited clinic by EANS (The European Association of Neurosurgical Societies) in Turkey, with its educational and care services. During this period, he completed his endoscopic skull base training starting at the University of Pittsburgh.
In 2010, he started to work for Acıbadem University Faculty of Medicine and became a Professor of Neurosurgery. He established the Neurosurgery Department in Medipol University Faculty of Medicine on 2012. He served as a Head of Neurosurgery Department in Memorial Health Group Istanbul Hospitals between 2014-2018. He served Neurosurgery Department of Maslak Hospital of Acıbadem Health Group with his team between 2018- September 2021.
Since 01.10.2021, He have started to work with his team at my private clinic located in Fulya and Ulus Hospital of Liv Health Group.
He served as the founding chairman of ”Skull Base Society” in Turkey. He is also a member of the Executive Committee of the European Skull Base Society (ESBS).
There are more than 110 scientific papers which he hs published in international refereed journals (SCI/SCIEx) and in national refereed journals and 18 scientific articles. He Has more than 250 scientific congress presentations, published books and chapters in books.
Read moreHe was born in Niğde which is the city middle part of Anatolia. He studied high school in Adana. He graduated from Ankara University Medical School of Medicine. He started his career at Bakırköy Neurological Sciences Hospital in Zeki Oral MD.’s Clinic in 1987 and finished his Neurosurgery residency in 1993. During this period, he completed his micro neurosurgery education, which was a breakthrough for him, at Zurich University “Professor M. Gazi Yaşargil’s Clinic”.
Between 1993-2003, he worked as a teaching assistant and then as an assistant professor at the Professor Necmettin Pamir’s Clinic, Faculty of Medicine, Marmara University. At the same time, he obtained clinical and surgical gains in the field of neurooncology and vascular neurosurgery at Professor Donlin M. Long and Daniele Rigamonti's Clinic at Johns Hopkins University, USA. In 2003, he received the title of Associate Professor of Neurosurgery.
Between 2004-2010, he worked as Chief of Clinic in Göztepe Training and Research Hospital of Ministry of Health. During this period, he led his clinic to become the only accredited clinic by EANS (The European Association of Neurosurgical Societies) in Turkey, with its educational and care services. During this period, he completed his endoscopic skull base training starting at the University of Pittsburgh.
In 2010, he started to work for Acıbadem University Faculty of Medicine and became a Professor of Neurosurgery. He established the Neurosurgery Department in Medipol University Faculty of Medicine on 2012. He served as a Head of Neurosurgery Department in Memorial Health Group Istanbul Hospitals between 2014-2018. He served Neurosurgery Department of Maslak Hospital of Acıbadem Health Group with his team between 2018- September 2021.
Since 01.10.2021, He have started to work with his team at my private clinic located in Fulya and Ulus Hospital of Liv Health Group.
He served as the founding chairman of ”Skull Base Society” in Turkey. He is also a member of the Executive Committee of the European Skull Base Society (ESBS).
There are more than 110 scientific papers which he hs published in international refereed journals (SCI/SCIEx) and in national refereed journals and 18 scientific articles. He Has more than 250 scientific congress presentations, published books and chapters in books.
Doctor's visit | price on request |
Laminectomy | $33250 |
Surgery for syringomyelia | $2000 - $2500 |
Spinal neurosurgeon
Read moreSpinal neurosurgeon
Doctor's visit | price on request |
Brain tumor surgery | $21500 |
Transnasal resection of tumor | $11500 |
Trans-sphenoidal hypophysectomy (adenomectomy) | $12200 - $13000 |
Education:
Medical Faculty, Trakya University,
Edirne, Turkey (1994-2000)
Professional Experience:
General Practitioner and Emergency Physician
Bartın (2000-2004)
Specialization:
Department of Neurosurgery, S.B. Göztepe Training and Research Hospital,
Istanbul (2004-2010)
Participation in the Accreditation Process by the European Association of Neurosurgical Societies (EANS) during
Specialization (2004-2010)
Completion of Compulsory Service as Specialist Physician
Tokat State Hospital, Tokat (2010-2012)
Assistant Professor, Department of Neurosurgery
Gaziosmanpaşa University, Tokat (2012-2014)
Contribution to the Establishment of the Department of Neurosurgery at Medipol University
(2012-2014)
Lecturer
Medipol University, Istanbul (2012-2014)
Specialist Physician
Memorial Istanbul Hospitals, Istanbul (2014-2018)
Lecturer, Faculty of Health Sciences
Eurasia University, Istanbul (2014-2021)
Associate Professor in the field of Neurosurgery (2021- )
Specialist Physician
Acıbadem Maslak Hospital, Istanbul (2018-2021)
Specialist Physician
Liv Hospital Ulus, Istanbul (2021-2023)
2023 –
Istanbul Florence Nightingale Hospital, Istanbul
Skills and Achievements:
Obtained Associate Professorship in the field of Neurosurgery (2021)
Experience in Academic Teaching and Management (2012-2021)
Proficiency in Turkish (Native) and English (Advanced)
Read moreEducation:
Medical Faculty, Trakya University,
Edirne, Turkey (1994-2000)
Professional Experience:
General Practitioner and Emergency Physician
Bartın (2000-2004)
Specialization:
Department of Neurosurgery, S.B. Göztepe Training and Research Hospital,
Istanbul (2004-2010)
Participation in the Accreditation Process by the European Association of Neurosurgical Societies (EANS) during
Specialization (2004-2010)
Completion of Compulsory Service as Specialist Physician
Tokat State Hospital, Tokat (2010-2012)
Assistant Professor, Department of Neurosurgery
Gaziosmanpaşa University, Tokat (2012-2014)
Contribution to the Establishment of the Department of Neurosurgery at Medipol University
(2012-2014)
Lecturer
Medipol University, Istanbul (2012-2014)
Specialist Physician
Memorial Istanbul Hospitals, Istanbul (2014-2018)
Lecturer, Faculty of Health Sciences
Eurasia University, Istanbul (2014-2021)
Associate Professor in the field of Neurosurgery (2021- )
Specialist Physician
Acıbadem Maslak Hospital, Istanbul (2018-2021)
Specialist Physician
Liv Hospital Ulus, Istanbul (2021-2023)
2023 –
Istanbul Florence Nightingale Hospital, Istanbul
Skills and Achievements:
Obtained Associate Professorship in the field of Neurosurgery (2021)
Experience in Academic Teaching and Management (2012-2021)
Proficiency in Turkish (Native) and English (Advanced)
Doctor's visit | price on request |
Laminectomy | $33250 |
Surgery for syringomyelia | $2000 - $2500 |
Specializations
Vertebra Surgery
Cranial Surgery
Emergency Trauma Surgery
Spine Surgery Instability
Brain Tumors Surgery
Lumbar and Cervical Hernias
Read more
Specializations
Vertebra Surgery
Cranial Surgery
Emergency Trauma Surgery
Spine Surgery Instability
Brain Tumors Surgery
Lumbar and Cervical Hernias
Doctor's visit | price on request |
Herniated disc surgery | $13784 |
Certificates
1. The Course of Functional and Stereotactic Neurosurgery, 1990, Oulu, Finland.
2. European Course participation that holds by EANS for 5 years cycle (Amsterdam/1988, Rostock/1989, Çeşme/1994, Klagenfurt/1995, Aalborg/1996).
3. "Primary Examination" for European Board was passed in Klagenfurt,1995, Austria.
4."Advanced Training on Functional Disorders with Leksell Gamma Knife", 2004, Marseille, France.
5. "Advanced Training on Vestibular Schwannomas and Skull Base Surgery wiyh Leksell Gamma Knife", 2004, Marseille, France.
6. The certificate for "DISC Nucleoplasty in Cervical and Lumbar Disc Diseases", 2004, Freiburg, Germany.
7. "Neuropathfinder" Train - the - Trainer Meeting, 2009, Wien, Austria.
8. " Neuropathfinder" Train - the - Trainer Meeting, 2011, Athens, Greece.
9. The certificate for "Full- Endoscopic Spine Surgery", 2011, Herne, Germany.
Read moreCertificates
1. The Course of Functional and Stereotactic Neurosurgery, 1990, Oulu, Finland.
2. European Course participation that holds by EANS for 5 years cycle (Amsterdam/1988, Rostock/1989, Çeşme/1994, Klagenfurt/1995, Aalborg/1996).
3. "Primary Examination" for European Board was passed in Klagenfurt,1995, Austria.
4."Advanced Training on Functional Disorders with Leksell Gamma Knife", 2004, Marseille, France.
5. "Advanced Training on Vestibular Schwannomas and Skull Base Surgery wiyh Leksell Gamma Knife", 2004, Marseille, France.
6. The certificate for "DISC Nucleoplasty in Cervical and Lumbar Disc Diseases", 2004, Freiburg, Germany.
7. "Neuropathfinder" Train - the - Trainer Meeting, 2009, Wien, Austria.
8. " Neuropathfinder" Train - the - Trainer Meeting, 2011, Athens, Greece.
9. The certificate for "Full- Endoscopic Spine Surgery", 2011, Herne, Germany.
Doctor's visit | price on request |
Laminectomy | $33250 |
Surgery for syringomyelia | $2000 - $2500 |
Dr. Türe developed a step-wise teaching method for utilizing the microscope and suction tube. He then presented this technique to the neurosurgical community by teaching neurosurgeons and visiting laboratories internationally. He was also President of the WFNS 16th World Congress of Neurosurgery in Istanbul, Turkey in 2017.
Read moreDr. Türe developed a step-wise teaching method for utilizing the microscope and suction tube. He then presented this technique to the neurosurgical community by teaching neurosurgeons and visiting laboratories internationally. He was also President of the WFNS 16th World Congress of Neurosurgery in Istanbul, Turkey in 2017.
Doctor's visit | price on request |
Transnasal resection of tumor | $35000 - $80000 |
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) surgery | $35000 - $80000 |
Herniated disc surgery | $5500 - $20000 |
Specialization: Neurospinal Cord and Nerve Surgery
Foreign Language : English
Date of Birth: 03.02.1974
Education :
Gazi University Faculty of Medicine (1991-1997)
Fırat University Neurosurgery Specialization (1999-2004)
Experience:
Private Adatip Hospital (2004-2013)
Private Cihan Hospital (2013-2015)
Private Adatip Hospital (2015-...)
Memberships:
Sakarya Medical Chamber
Turkish Neurosurgery Association
Read more
Specialization: Neurospinal Cord and Nerve Surgery
Foreign Language : English
Date of Birth: 03.02.1974
Education :
Gazi University Faculty of Medicine (1991-1997)
Fırat University Neurosurgery Specialization (1999-2004)
Experience:
Private Adatip Hospital (2004-2013)
Private Cihan Hospital (2013-2015)
Private Adatip Hospital (2015-...)
Memberships:
Sakarya Medical Chamber
Turkish Neurosurgery Association
Medical School: Suleyman Demirel University, 2004
Neurosurgery Training: Gazi University, Department of Neurosurgery, 2011
Dr Mehmet Tonge has international and nationwide 32 publications, 12 book chapters, 92 oral and poster presentations and 41 invited lectures, mostly on Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery.
2004-2011: Gazi University, Department of Neurosurgery (Residency)
2008: Zurich University Hospital, Department of Neurosurgery (Intraoperative MRI applications), Switzerland
2008: Zurich University Hospital, Department of Neurosurgery: Microneurosurgery, white matter dissection, interventional neuroradiology courses, Switzerland
2011 – 2012: Sinop Ataturk State Hospital, Neurosurgeon
2012 – 2013: Cankiri State Hospital, Neurosurgeon
2013 – 2014: Istanbul Medipol University, Department of Neurosurgery & Gamma Knife Center (Ass Prof)
2013 – now: Maastricht University Neurosurgery & Neuroscience Department (Visiting scientist, PhDc) The Netherlands
2014: Maastricht University, The Netherlands: Deep Brain Stimulation Fellowship 2014-2018: Istanbul Memorial Hospital Neurosurgery: Staff Neurosurgeon
2016-2018: Istanbul Florence Nightingale Hospital (Consultant, Gamma Knife Center)
2018-now: Istanbul Medipol University (Stereotactic & Functional Neurosurgery, Gamma Knife Center) Ass. Prof.)
Dr Mehmet Tonge has completed 4-year cycle EANS (European Association of Neurosurgical Societies) Training courses.
• Stereotactic & Functional Neurosurgery
• Surgery for movement disorders
• Gamma Knife Radiosurgery
* Surgery for pain & spasticity
* Psychosurgery
Research areas of interest:
* Deep brain stimulation
• Stereotactic radiosurgery
Read more
Medical School: Suleyman Demirel University, 2004
Neurosurgery Training: Gazi University, Department of Neurosurgery, 2011
Dr Mehmet Tonge has international and nationwide 32 publications, 12 book chapters, 92 oral and poster presentations and 41 invited lectures, mostly on Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery.
2004-2011: Gazi University, Department of Neurosurgery (Residency)
2008: Zurich University Hospital, Department of Neurosurgery (Intraoperative MRI applications), Switzerland
2008: Zurich University Hospital, Department of Neurosurgery: Microneurosurgery, white matter dissection, interventional neuroradiology courses, Switzerland
2011 – 2012: Sinop Ataturk State Hospital, Neurosurgeon
2012 – 2013: Cankiri State Hospital, Neurosurgeon
2013 – 2014: Istanbul Medipol University, Department of Neurosurgery & Gamma Knife Center (Ass Prof)
2013 – now: Maastricht University Neurosurgery & Neuroscience Department (Visiting scientist, PhDc) The Netherlands
2014: Maastricht University, The Netherlands: Deep Brain Stimulation Fellowship 2014-2018: Istanbul Memorial Hospital Neurosurgery: Staff Neurosurgeon
2016-2018: Istanbul Florence Nightingale Hospital (Consultant, Gamma Knife Center)
2018-now: Istanbul Medipol University (Stereotactic & Functional Neurosurgery, Gamma Knife Center) Ass. Prof.)
Dr Mehmet Tonge has completed 4-year cycle EANS (European Association of Neurosurgical Societies) Training courses.
• Stereotactic & Functional Neurosurgery
• Surgery for movement disorders
• Gamma Knife Radiosurgery
* Surgery for pain & spasticity
* Psychosurgery
Research areas of interest:
* Deep brain stimulation
• Stereotactic radiosurgery
Fields of Interest in Medicine:
• Pituitary Surgery
• Endoscopic skull base surgery
• Neuro-oncology
• Neuro-endoscopy
• Pediatric Neurosurgery
Education:
• Medical Doctor: İstanbul University, Cerrahpaşa Medical School (1978-1984)
• Neurosurgery residency: İstanbul University Cerrahpaşa Medical School(1986-1993)
• Observership abroad: Hopital Lariboisiere Paris, France (1991)
• Hopital Necker - Enfants Malades Paris, France (1991 and 1999)
Experience:
• Siirt Sason , General medical practice (1984-1986)
• Istanbul University Cerrahpaşa Medical School, Department of Neurosurgery, Resident. (1986-1993)
• Istanbul University Cerrahpaşa Medical School, Department of Neurosurgery, Consultant neurosurgeon. (1993-2000)
• Istanbul University Cerrahpaşa Medical School, Department of Neurosurgery, Associate Professor (2000-2008)
• Ministry of Justice, Forensic Medicine Institution, Member neurosurgeon of the first specialisation Born (2005-2013)
• Istanbul University Cerrahpaşa Medical School,Department of Neurosurgery, Professor Dr. (2008-2017)
• 7.Istanbul University Pituitary Center Co-founder and executive member (2015- )
• Acıbadem Fulya Hospital, Neurosurgeon(2015-2016)
• Group Florence Nightingale, İstanbul Hospital, Neurosurgeon (2017-2021)
• Demiroğlu Bilim University, Department of Neurosurgery, Chair(2018-2021)
Read moreFields of Interest in Medicine:
• Pituitary Surgery
• Endoscopic skull base surgery
• Neuro-oncology
• Neuro-endoscopy
• Pediatric Neurosurgery
Education:
• Medical Doctor: İstanbul University, Cerrahpaşa Medical School (1978-1984)
• Neurosurgery residency: İstanbul University Cerrahpaşa Medical School(1986-1993)
• Observership abroad: Hopital Lariboisiere Paris, France (1991)
• Hopital Necker - Enfants Malades Paris, France (1991 and 1999)
Experience:
• Siirt Sason , General medical practice (1984-1986)
• Istanbul University Cerrahpaşa Medical School, Department of Neurosurgery, Resident. (1986-1993)
• Istanbul University Cerrahpaşa Medical School, Department of Neurosurgery, Consultant neurosurgeon. (1993-2000)
• Istanbul University Cerrahpaşa Medical School, Department of Neurosurgery, Associate Professor (2000-2008)
• Ministry of Justice, Forensic Medicine Institution, Member neurosurgeon of the first specialisation Born (2005-2013)
• Istanbul University Cerrahpaşa Medical School,Department of Neurosurgery, Professor Dr. (2008-2017)
• 7.Istanbul University Pituitary Center Co-founder and executive member (2015- )
• Acıbadem Fulya Hospital, Neurosurgeon(2015-2016)
• Group Florence Nightingale, İstanbul Hospital, Neurosurgeon (2017-2021)
• Demiroğlu Bilim University, Department of Neurosurgery, Chair(2018-2021)
Doctor's visit | price on request |
CyberKnife | $9000 - $13000 |
Pituitary tumor surgery | |
Surgery for syringomyelia |
Specializations
Endoscopic Closed Lumbar Disc Herniation Surgery
Surgical Treatment for Spine Fractures
Minimally Invasive Surgery for Cervical and Lumbar Herniations
Read more
Specializations
Endoscopic Closed Lumbar Disc Herniation Surgery
Surgical Treatment for Spine Fractures
Minimally Invasive Surgery for Cervical and Lumbar Herniations
Doctor's visit | price on request |
Herniated disc surgery | $13784 |
Specializations
Micro Surgical Lumbar and Cervical Disc Herniation Treatment
Scoliosis Surgery and Treatment
Brain and Spine Tumors
Spine Fracture Treatment
Spinal Canal Narrowing Surgery
Lumbar Slipping Surgery and Treatment
Read more
Specializations
Micro Surgical Lumbar and Cervical Disc Herniation Treatment
Scoliosis Surgery and Treatment
Brain and Spine Tumors
Spine Fracture Treatment
Spinal Canal Narrowing Surgery
Lumbar Slipping Surgery and Treatment
Doctor's visit | price on request |
Herniated disc surgery | $13784 |
Dr. Alireza Soltanzadeh, born in Iran in 1969, is an esteemed anesthesiology and reanimation specialist with over 25 years of experience in critical care, cardiac anesthesia, and algology. After graduating from Urmia University of Medical Sciences in 1995, he quickly specialized in anesthesiology and critical care, beginning his practice abroad in 1998. Furthering his expertise, he completed a fellowship in cardiac anesthesia at Istanbul’s Çapa Medical Faculty and the Siyami Ersek Cardiovascular Center in 2006 and trained in pain management (algology) in 2013. His extensive knowledge in these fields makes him a vital asset to the medical community.
Dr. Soltanzadeh has held pivotal roles throughout his career, including a five-year tenure as Chief Physician at a state hospital in Iran. He has enriched his medical education by completing specialized courses in Germany and continues to be an active member of numerous international anesthesiology and medical societies. Since 2018, he has practiced in Istanbul, contributing his expertise to the private sector and currently serves in the Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation at Istanbul Okan University Hospital.
Fluent in multiple languages, including English, Farsi, Turkish, Azeri, Kurdish, German, and Arabic, Dr. Soltanzadeh’s professional interests extend to ozone therapy, digital medical device innovation, and enhanced patient safety during anesthesia. His research contributions are recognized internationally, with numerous publications and presentations at renowned anesthesia and pain management congresses worldwide. Dr. Soltanzadeh remains committed to advancing medical standards in his field and continuously expanding his clinical and research expertise.
Read moreDr. Alireza Soltanzadeh, born in Iran in 1969, is an esteemed anesthesiology and reanimation specialist with over 25 years of experience in critical care, cardiac anesthesia, and algology. After graduating from Urmia University of Medical Sciences in 1995, he quickly specialized in anesthesiology and critical care, beginning his practice abroad in 1998. Furthering his expertise, he completed a fellowship in cardiac anesthesia at Istanbul’s Çapa Medical Faculty and the Siyami Ersek Cardiovascular Center in 2006 and trained in pain management (algology) in 2013. His extensive knowledge in these fields makes him a vital asset to the medical community.
Dr. Soltanzadeh has held pivotal roles throughout his career, including a five-year tenure as Chief Physician at a state hospital in Iran. He has enriched his medical education by completing specialized courses in Germany and continues to be an active member of numerous international anesthesiology and medical societies. Since 2018, he has practiced in Istanbul, contributing his expertise to the private sector and currently serves in the Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation at Istanbul Okan University Hospital.
Fluent in multiple languages, including English, Farsi, Turkish, Azeri, Kurdish, German, and Arabic, Dr. Soltanzadeh’s professional interests extend to ozone therapy, digital medical device innovation, and enhanced patient safety during anesthesia. His research contributions are recognized internationally, with numerous publications and presentations at renowned anesthesia and pain management congresses worldwide. Dr. Soltanzadeh remains committed to advancing medical standards in his field and continuously expanding his clinical and research expertise.
Experience
2019 – 2019
Insubria University Faculty of Medicine
2015
2013 – 2015
2010 – 2012
2002 – 2003
Education
2010
1992
Experience
2019 – 2019
Insubria University Faculty of Medicine
2015
2013 – 2015
2010 – 2012
2002 – 2003
Education
2010
1992
Doctor's visit | price on request |
Radiation therapy for brain tumor | $4000 - $6000 |
Medication treatment for multiple sclerosis | $6000 - $12000 |
Brain tumor removal | $12000 - $17000 |
Trustworthy, attentive, successful neurosurgeon with over 34 years of experience, high rate of success and exceptional surgical skills, providing quality neurological service for patients, successfully treating over thousands of patients suffering from many severe, complex conditions of the brain, spine and the nerves.
Experienced in performing treatment modalities like micro neurosurgery, endoscopic skull base surgery, endoscopic third ventriculostomy, minimally invasive spine surgery and percutaneous spine surgery. Keen on performing clinical research and attending national and international medical conferences to stay abreast of new technologies in the field. Compassionate and detail-oriented with excellent communication skills. Expertise in healthcare, education and program management. Adept at developing and implementing forward-thinking strategies to enhance patient outcomes and collective knowledge in the field. Desiring to bring skills and success. Focused on working closely with other medical professionals and following up with patients. Well-versed at emergency procedures and fast and accurate sanitation.
Work History
2020-01 – Current - Asst. Prof. Neurosurgeon
Istanbul Medipol University, Health Care Practice and Research Center Pendik Hospital
• He successfully treated and followed patients with cerebral hemorrhage, brain and spinal cord tumors, and patients with hydrocephalus.
• He performed transnasal pituitary surgeries with success.
• Also, many cervical lumbar and thoracic disc patients were successfully treated, and disc prosthesis were applied to some of them.
• He re-operated a degenerative spine patient who had been operated on before at another center and the patient regained his health.
• He also successfully treated patients with premature neonatal intracerebral hemorrhage.
2019-08 – 2020-01 - Neurosurgeon
Freelancer, Istanbul, Turkey
• Operated on patients' brains, spines and peripheral nerves to correct deformities, repair injuries, prevent and treat diseases and improve patients' motor functions. Performed successful operations for complex, advanced and complicated disease of the brain and spine some of which were operated unsuccessfully at other medical centers by different neurosurgeons.
• Offered advanced knowledge, leadership abilities and technical assistance with complex surgical cases.
• Maintained admitting privileges at local hospitals and provided quality follow-up care.
• Educated patients on recovery methods and times.
• Designed treatment plans for patients.
• Thoroughly assessed patients to identify medical condition and level of surgical risk.
• Founded a spinal surgery group with orthopedic surgeons and treated very advanced and severe vertebra deformities, spine abnormalities, scoliosis.
2018-12 - 2019-08 - Neurosurgeon
Alkafeel Super Speciality Hospital, Karbala, Iraq
• Conducted up to 5 operations per month to correct deformities in neurological and spinal systems, repair traumas, and treat diseases of different areas. Performed successful operations (success rate 100 percent : 90-95) for severe, complex and advanced diseases of the brain, spine and nerves in adults and children. (Cerebral intrinsic and extrinsic tumor surgery, posterior fossa surgery, spontaneous and traumatic intracranial hematomas, Interhemispheric 3th ventricle and lateral ventricle surgery, pontocerebellar angle tumor surgery, spinal instrumentation and fusion surgery, microdiscectomy cervical, thoracic, lumbar, pediatric cranial and spine anomaly surgery). Followed the patients postoperatively.
• Educated patients on recovery methods and times.
• Thoroughly assessed patients to identify medical condition and level of surgical risk.
• Performed emergency surgeries.
• Examined 900 patients in total in the outpatient clinic and gave medical treatments to them when necessary.
2015-10 - 2018-11 - Neurosurgeon
Medistate Kavacık Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
• Operated on patients' brains, spines and peripheral nerves to correct deformities, repair injuries, prevent and treat different advanced, complex severe diseases and improve patients' motor functions.
• Conducted up to operations per month to correct deformities in neurological and spinal systems, repair traumas, restore partial or full functionality and prevent and treat diseases of different areas.
• Performed successful operations (success rate percent : 95) for severe, complex and advanced diseases of the brain , spine and nerves in adults and children.(Brain tumor, arachnoid cyst, intracerebral hematoma, spinal stenosis, hydrocephalus, myelomeningocele).Followed the patients postoperatively.
• Educated patients on recovery methods and times Thoroughly assessed patients to identify medical condition and level of surgical risk.
• Performed emergency surgeries (intracerebral hematoma, intracerebral abscess).
• Examined 850 patients in total in the outpatient clinic and gave medical treatment to them when necessary.
1994-03 - 2015-09 - Neurosurgeon
Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
• Supervised trainees, medical students, residents and fellows to help each achieve proficiency in field.
• Conducted up to 20 operations per month to correct deformities in neurological and spinal systems, repair traumas, restore partial or full functionality and prevent and treat diseases of different areas. Performed successful operations (success rate: %90) for severe, complex and advanced diseases of the brain, spine and nerves in adults and children. (Skull base surgery, extended trans base approach, orbit zygomatic approach, presigmoid approach, orbital approaches, transcranial and lateral orbitotomy, Endoscopic transsphenoidal pituitary surgery, CSF leakage surgery, endoscopic, microscopic and transsphenoidal, transcranial. Endoscopic third ventriculostomy and surgery of multiloculated hydrocephalus and pediatric neurosurgery. Cerebral intrinsic and extrinsic tumor surgery, posterior fossa surgery. Brain aneurysm, AVM and cavernoma surgery.
• Spontaneous and traumatic intracranial hematomas. Hemifacial spasm and trigeminal neuralgia surgery (microsurgical decompression) Interhemispheric 3th ventricle and lateral ventricle surgery. Pineal area surgery. Pontocerebellar angle tumor surgery.
• Foreman magnum tumors surgery. Surgery of hydrocephaly, Syringomyelia and craniovertebral animalia).Followed the patients postoperatively.
• Educated patients on recovery methods and times Thoroughly assessed patients to identify medical condition and level of surgical risk.
• Performed emergency surgeries (Epidural, subdural and intracerebral hematoma, vertebra fracture).
• Examined 500-700 patients per day in the outpatient clinic and gave medical treatment to them when necessary. Examined patients in the emergency service.
• Designed treatment plans for patients.
• Offered advanced knowledge, leadership abilities and technical assistance with complex surgical cases.
• Led and oversaw 15 medical personnel in operating room setting to perform surgeries.
• Led and oversaw medical personnel in operating room setting to perform surgeries.
Education
1982-09 - 1988-08
M.D.: Medicine And (Pre-Medicine)
Ankara University Medical School - Ankara
General Medicine Training for 6 years. Graduated with a high GPA.
1988-11 - 1994-05
Specialist Neurosurgery: Neuroscience
University of Health Sciences - Ankara
6 years of neurosurgery training.
• My thesis was on brain abscess and their clinical and laboratory evaluations
1995-05 - 1995-07
Neuroscience
The Institute of Neurological Sciences and Psychiatry.
Ankara
I attended the course for microsurgery at University of Hacettepe Institute of Neurological Sciences and Psychiatry.
1998-04 - 2019-05
Observer Doctor: Neuroscience
Department of Neurosurgery, MSU - Ann Arbour,
Michigan USA
2012-05 - 2012-05
Neuro endoscopy: Neuroscience
Ghent University - Ghent, Belgium
International endoscopic neurosurgery workshop,
Ghent, Belgium
I attended the workshop for endoscopic skull base operations the and Neuro endoscopic third ventriculostomy at University of Ghent Hospital
Skills
Micro neurosurgery - Excellent
Neuro endoscopy - Excellent
Cranial base endoscopy - Excellent
Minimal invasive surgery - Excellent
Percutaneous spinal surgery - Excellent
Neuronavigation – Excellent
Certifications
1995-04 Microsurgery
2012-05 Endoscopy
Languages
Turkish - Native
English - Advanced
Arabic - Novice
Affiliations
Turkish Neurosurgical Society
Turkish Medical Association
Accomplishments
• Trained team of staff nurses in medical office procedures to ensure consistent quality of care.
• Published 17 articles in national and international reviews and presented papers in medical congresses.
Interests and operations I perform
Vascular diseases of brain
Endoscopic hypophysis surgery
Tumors of brain, spine and medulla spinalis surgery
Endoscopic brain ventricle surgery
Endoscopic third ventriculostomy
Traumas of brain and spine
Cervical, thoracic and lumbar disc hernias and narrow
canal disease surgery
Spine instrumentation and fusion surgery
Baclofen pump and neurostimulators insertions
Hydrocephalus surgery
Congenital diseases of the brain and spine (pediatric
neurosurgery)
Peripheral nerve surgery
Read moreTrustworthy, attentive, successful neurosurgeon with over 34 years of experience, high rate of success and exceptional surgical skills, providing quality neurological service for patients, successfully treating over thousands of patients suffering from many severe, complex conditions of the brain, spine and the nerves.
Experienced in performing treatment modalities like micro neurosurgery, endoscopic skull base surgery, endoscopic third ventriculostomy, minimally invasive spine surgery and percutaneous spine surgery. Keen on performing clinical research and attending national and international medical conferences to stay abreast of new technologies in the field. Compassionate and detail-oriented with excellent communication skills. Expertise in healthcare, education and program management. Adept at developing and implementing forward-thinking strategies to enhance patient outcomes and collective knowledge in the field. Desiring to bring skills and success. Focused on working closely with other medical professionals and following up with patients. Well-versed at emergency procedures and fast and accurate sanitation.
Work History
2020-01 – Current - Asst. Prof. Neurosurgeon
Istanbul Medipol University, Health Care Practice and Research Center Pendik Hospital
• He successfully treated and followed patients with cerebral hemorrhage, brain and spinal cord tumors, and patients with hydrocephalus.
• He performed transnasal pituitary surgeries with success.
• Also, many cervical lumbar and thoracic disc patients were successfully treated, and disc prosthesis were applied to some of them.
• He re-operated a degenerative spine patient who had been operated on before at another center and the patient regained his health.
• He also successfully treated patients with premature neonatal intracerebral hemorrhage.
2019-08 – 2020-01 - Neurosurgeon
Freelancer, Istanbul, Turkey
• Operated on patients' brains, spines and peripheral nerves to correct deformities, repair injuries, prevent and treat diseases and improve patients' motor functions. Performed successful operations for complex, advanced and complicated disease of the brain and spine some of which were operated unsuccessfully at other medical centers by different neurosurgeons.
• Offered advanced knowledge, leadership abilities and technical assistance with complex surgical cases.
• Maintained admitting privileges at local hospitals and provided quality follow-up care.
• Educated patients on recovery methods and times.
• Designed treatment plans for patients.
• Thoroughly assessed patients to identify medical condition and level of surgical risk.
• Founded a spinal surgery group with orthopedic surgeons and treated very advanced and severe vertebra deformities, spine abnormalities, scoliosis.
2018-12 - 2019-08 - Neurosurgeon
Alkafeel Super Speciality Hospital, Karbala, Iraq
• Conducted up to 5 operations per month to correct deformities in neurological and spinal systems, repair traumas, and treat diseases of different areas. Performed successful operations (success rate 100 percent : 90-95) for severe, complex and advanced diseases of the brain, spine and nerves in adults and children. (Cerebral intrinsic and extrinsic tumor surgery, posterior fossa surgery, spontaneous and traumatic intracranial hematomas, Interhemispheric 3th ventricle and lateral ventricle surgery, pontocerebellar angle tumor surgery, spinal instrumentation and fusion surgery, microdiscectomy cervical, thoracic, lumbar, pediatric cranial and spine anomaly surgery). Followed the patients postoperatively.
• Educated patients on recovery methods and times.
• Thoroughly assessed patients to identify medical condition and level of surgical risk.
• Performed emergency surgeries.
• Examined 900 patients in total in the outpatient clinic and gave medical treatments to them when necessary.
2015-10 - 2018-11 - Neurosurgeon
Medistate Kavacık Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
• Operated on patients' brains, spines and peripheral nerves to correct deformities, repair injuries, prevent and treat different advanced, complex severe diseases and improve patients' motor functions.
• Conducted up to operations per month to correct deformities in neurological and spinal systems, repair traumas, restore partial or full functionality and prevent and treat diseases of different areas.
• Performed successful operations (success rate percent : 95) for severe, complex and advanced diseases of the brain , spine and nerves in adults and children.(Brain tumor, arachnoid cyst, intracerebral hematoma, spinal stenosis, hydrocephalus, myelomeningocele).Followed the patients postoperatively.
• Educated patients on recovery methods and times Thoroughly assessed patients to identify medical condition and level of surgical risk.
• Performed emergency surgeries (intracerebral hematoma, intracerebral abscess).
• Examined 850 patients in total in the outpatient clinic and gave medical treatment to them when necessary.
1994-03 - 2015-09 - Neurosurgeon
Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
• Supervised trainees, medical students, residents and fellows to help each achieve proficiency in field.
• Conducted up to 20 operations per month to correct deformities in neurological and spinal systems, repair traumas, restore partial or full functionality and prevent and treat diseases of different areas. Performed successful operations (success rate: %90) for severe, complex and advanced diseases of the brain, spine and nerves in adults and children. (Skull base surgery, extended trans base approach, orbit zygomatic approach, presigmoid approach, orbital approaches, transcranial and lateral orbitotomy, Endoscopic transsphenoidal pituitary surgery, CSF leakage surgery, endoscopic, microscopic and transsphenoidal, transcranial. Endoscopic third ventriculostomy and surgery of multiloculated hydrocephalus and pediatric neurosurgery. Cerebral intrinsic and extrinsic tumor surgery, posterior fossa surgery. Brain aneurysm, AVM and cavernoma surgery.
• Spontaneous and traumatic intracranial hematomas. Hemifacial spasm and trigeminal neuralgia surgery (microsurgical decompression) Interhemispheric 3th ventricle and lateral ventricle surgery. Pineal area surgery. Pontocerebellar angle tumor surgery.
• Foreman magnum tumors surgery. Surgery of hydrocephaly, Syringomyelia and craniovertebral animalia).Followed the patients postoperatively.
• Educated patients on recovery methods and times Thoroughly assessed patients to identify medical condition and level of surgical risk.
• Performed emergency surgeries (Epidural, subdural and intracerebral hematoma, vertebra fracture).
• Examined 500-700 patients per day in the outpatient clinic and gave medical treatment to them when necessary. Examined patients in the emergency service.
• Designed treatment plans for patients.
• Offered advanced knowledge, leadership abilities and technical assistance with complex surgical cases.
• Led and oversaw 15 medical personnel in operating room setting to perform surgeries.
• Led and oversaw medical personnel in operating room setting to perform surgeries.
Education
1982-09 - 1988-08
M.D.: Medicine And (Pre-Medicine)
Ankara University Medical School - Ankara
General Medicine Training for 6 years. Graduated with a high GPA.
1988-11 - 1994-05
Specialist Neurosurgery: Neuroscience
University of Health Sciences - Ankara
6 years of neurosurgery training.
• My thesis was on brain abscess and their clinical and laboratory evaluations
1995-05 - 1995-07
Neuroscience
The Institute of Neurological Sciences and Psychiatry.
Ankara
I attended the course for microsurgery at University of Hacettepe Institute of Neurological Sciences and Psychiatry.
1998-04 - 2019-05
Observer Doctor: Neuroscience
Department of Neurosurgery, MSU - Ann Arbour,
Michigan USA
2012-05 - 2012-05
Neuro endoscopy: Neuroscience
Ghent University - Ghent, Belgium
International endoscopic neurosurgery workshop,
Ghent, Belgium
I attended the workshop for endoscopic skull base operations the and Neuro endoscopic third ventriculostomy at University of Ghent Hospital
Skills
Micro neurosurgery - Excellent
Neuro endoscopy - Excellent
Cranial base endoscopy - Excellent
Minimal invasive surgery - Excellent
Percutaneous spinal surgery - Excellent
Neuronavigation – Excellent
Certifications
1995-04 Microsurgery
2012-05 Endoscopy
Languages
Turkish - Native
English - Advanced
Arabic - Novice
Affiliations
Turkish Neurosurgical Society
Turkish Medical Association
Accomplishments
• Trained team of staff nurses in medical office procedures to ensure consistent quality of care.
• Published 17 articles in national and international reviews and presented papers in medical congresses.
Interests and operations I perform
Vascular diseases of brain
Endoscopic hypophysis surgery
Tumors of brain, spine and medulla spinalis surgery
Endoscopic brain ventricle surgery
Endoscopic third ventriculostomy
Traumas of brain and spine
Cervical, thoracic and lumbar disc hernias and narrow
canal disease surgery
Spine instrumentation and fusion surgery
Baclofen pump and neurostimulators insertions
Hydrocephalus surgery
Congenital diseases of the brain and spine (pediatric
neurosurgery)
Peripheral nerve surgery
Assoc Prof. Dr. D.Güçlühan GÜÇLÜ CV
Born in 1973 in Eskişehir. Between 1997-2003, he completed his residency training in the Bakırköy Mazhar Osman Training And Research Hospital For Psychiatry ,Neurology And Neurosurgery In 2003, he started to work as a specialist in Bakırköy Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital as an Associate Professor and served until 2023. 6 book chapters 22 international and 9 national publications
Association Memberships
Turkish Neurosurgical Association
The European Association Of Neurosurgical Societies Society for Central Nervous System Surgery Turkish Doctors Union
Turkish Neurosurgical Society Spinal and Peripheral Nerve Surgery Group
Turkish Neurosurgical Society Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery Teaching and Training Group
Experience abroad
Continuing Medical Education Certificate 4- Day Comprehensive Interventional Pain Management Anatomical Course September 27-September 30, Hilton Head South Carolina USA 2007 Cleveland spine review hands on course, The Cleveland Clinic center for Spine Health (3 month) 2008 The 2nd CSRS Hands-On Cadaver Course Cervical Spine Decompression and Stabilization Techniques, Saint Louis University Schoof of Medicine Practical Anatomy & Surgical Education, Prof.Dr.K. Daniel Riew 2009
The Latest Techniques in Less-Invasive Spine Surgery, Saint Louis University School of Medicine Practical Anatomy & Surgical education, 2011 Spinal Deformity , training course, Saint Louis University School of Medicine ,director Prof.Dr. L.LENKE.2011
Advanced Course In Cerebral Aneurysms Hands-on Cadaver Workshop with Live Surgery & Life-Like Simulation Course Director Prof.Dr. Ali Krisht, MD Arkansas Neuroscience Institute 2013 International Training Course for Full-endoscopic Operations of the Lumbar, Thoracic and Cervical Spine, Richard Wolf Academy Prima Vista 2016 "Neuromodulation Applications in Low Back Pain and Cadaver Studies" course 2017
BASIC FIELD OF HEALTH SCIENCES BRAIN AND BORDER SURGERY
Education Information
expertise in medicine
1998 HOSPITALS/İSTANBUL BAKIRKÖY PROF.DR.MAZHAR OSMAN MENTAL HEALTH AND NERVE
26/March/2003
DISEASES EDUCATION AND RESEARCH.
HOSPITAL Title of the thesis: Analysis of axial traumatic spondylolisthesia using the finite element method (2003) Supervisor: (Mehmet Murat Hancı)
Undergraduate DOKUZ EYLÜL UNIVERSITY 1990 FACULTY OF MEDICINE/MEDICAL PR. 31/July/1996
Foreign Language Knowledge English YÖKDİL, 05.03.2017, Score: 85.0
Administrative Duties
Clinical Administrative Officer2018 -2023 İSTANBUL BAKIRKÖY DR.SADİ KONUK EDUCATION RESEARCH HOSPITAL
Memberships to Scientific Organizations
Turkish Neurosurgery Society Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery Education and Training Group, Member, 2022
2. Turkish Neurosurgical Society Spinal and Peripheral Nerve Surgery Group, Member, 2019
3. Turkish Neurosurgery Society, Member, 2004
International education
International Training Course for Full-endoscopic Operations of the Lumbar, Thoracic and Cervical Spine,
education and cadaver , Friday, 10 June 2016 Department of Neurosurgery, (International)
Spinal Deformity LIVE!, training course, Saint Louis University School of Medicine , Course, 10.03.2011 - 11.03.2011 (International)
The Latest Techniques in Less-Invasive Spine Surgery, Clinic , Saint Louis University School of Medicine Practical Anatomy & Surgical education 3839 Lindell Boulevard St:Louis MO 63108, Course, 04.03.2011 -06.03.2011 (International)
THE 2nd CSRS Hands-On Cadaver Course Cervical Spine Decompression and Stabilization Techniques, Clinical and Cadaver course, Saint Louis University School of Medicine Practical Anatomy & Surgical Education 3839 Lindell Boulevard, St. Louis, MO 63108, Course, 29.01.2009 -31.01.2009 (International)
Cleveland spine review hands on course, clinic and cadaveric bird, The Cleveland Clinic center for Spine Health , Course, 16.07.2008 -22.07.2008 (International)
Istanbul University surgeonpasa medical faculty neurosurgery clinic, increasing knowledge and experience, Istanbul University surgeonpasa medical faculty neurosurgery clinic, Study, 12.01.2004 - 12.06.2004 (National)
Read moreAssoc Prof. Dr. D.Güçlühan GÜÇLÜ CV
Born in 1973 in Eskişehir. Between 1997-2003, he completed his residency training in the Bakırköy Mazhar Osman Training And Research Hospital For Psychiatry ,Neurology And Neurosurgery In 2003, he started to work as a specialist in Bakırköy Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital as an Associate Professor and served until 2023. 6 book chapters 22 international and 9 national publications
Association Memberships
Turkish Neurosurgical Association
The European Association Of Neurosurgical Societies Society for Central Nervous System Surgery Turkish Doctors Union
Turkish Neurosurgical Society Spinal and Peripheral Nerve Surgery Group
Turkish Neurosurgical Society Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery Teaching and Training Group
Experience abroad
Continuing Medical Education Certificate 4- Day Comprehensive Interventional Pain Management Anatomical Course September 27-September 30, Hilton Head South Carolina USA 2007 Cleveland spine review hands on course, The Cleveland Clinic center for Spine Health (3 month) 2008 The 2nd CSRS Hands-On Cadaver Course Cervical Spine Decompression and Stabilization Techniques, Saint Louis University Schoof of Medicine Practical Anatomy & Surgical Education, Prof.Dr.K. Daniel Riew 2009
The Latest Techniques in Less-Invasive Spine Surgery, Saint Louis University School of Medicine Practical Anatomy & Surgical education, 2011 Spinal Deformity , training course, Saint Louis University School of Medicine ,director Prof.Dr. L.LENKE.2011
Advanced Course In Cerebral Aneurysms Hands-on Cadaver Workshop with Live Surgery & Life-Like Simulation Course Director Prof.Dr. Ali Krisht, MD Arkansas Neuroscience Institute 2013 International Training Course for Full-endoscopic Operations of the Lumbar, Thoracic and Cervical Spine, Richard Wolf Academy Prima Vista 2016 "Neuromodulation Applications in Low Back Pain and Cadaver Studies" course 2017
BASIC FIELD OF HEALTH SCIENCES BRAIN AND BORDER SURGERY
Education Information
expertise in medicine
1998 HOSPITALS/İSTANBUL BAKIRKÖY PROF.DR.MAZHAR OSMAN MENTAL HEALTH AND NERVE
26/March/2003
DISEASES EDUCATION AND RESEARCH.
HOSPITAL Title of the thesis: Analysis of axial traumatic spondylolisthesia using the finite element method (2003) Supervisor: (Mehmet Murat Hancı)
Undergraduate DOKUZ EYLÜL UNIVERSITY 1990 FACULTY OF MEDICINE/MEDICAL PR. 31/July/1996
Foreign Language Knowledge English YÖKDİL, 05.03.2017, Score: 85.0
Administrative Duties
Clinical Administrative Officer2018 -2023 İSTANBUL BAKIRKÖY DR.SADİ KONUK EDUCATION RESEARCH HOSPITAL
Memberships to Scientific Organizations
Turkish Neurosurgery Society Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery Education and Training Group, Member, 2022
2. Turkish Neurosurgical Society Spinal and Peripheral Nerve Surgery Group, Member, 2019
3. Turkish Neurosurgery Society, Member, 2004
International education
International Training Course for Full-endoscopic Operations of the Lumbar, Thoracic and Cervical Spine,
education and cadaver , Friday, 10 June 2016 Department of Neurosurgery, (International)
Spinal Deformity LIVE!, training course, Saint Louis University School of Medicine , Course, 10.03.2011 - 11.03.2011 (International)
The Latest Techniques in Less-Invasive Spine Surgery, Clinic , Saint Louis University School of Medicine Practical Anatomy & Surgical education 3839 Lindell Boulevard St:Louis MO 63108, Course, 04.03.2011 -06.03.2011 (International)
THE 2nd CSRS Hands-On Cadaver Course Cervical Spine Decompression and Stabilization Techniques, Clinical and Cadaver course, Saint Louis University School of Medicine Practical Anatomy & Surgical Education 3839 Lindell Boulevard, St. Louis, MO 63108, Course, 29.01.2009 -31.01.2009 (International)
Cleveland spine review hands on course, clinic and cadaveric bird, The Cleveland Clinic center for Spine Health , Course, 16.07.2008 -22.07.2008 (International)
Istanbul University surgeonpasa medical faculty neurosurgery clinic, increasing knowledge and experience, Istanbul University surgeonpasa medical faculty neurosurgery clinic, Study, 12.01.2004 - 12.06.2004 (National)
Dr. Hasan Mirzai is a professor doctor with expertise in brain and nerve surgery, neurosurgery, spinal surgery, brain tumor surgery, and pediatric brain surgery. He has extensive experience in multiple hospitals and is a member of the World Spine Society, Turkish Medical Association, and Turkish Neurosurgery Association.
Read moreDr. Hasan Mirzai is a professor doctor with expertise in brain and nerve surgery, neurosurgery, spinal surgery, brain tumor surgery, and pediatric brain surgery. He has extensive experience in multiple hospitals and is a member of the World Spine Society, Turkish Medical Association, and Turkish Neurosurgery Association.
Neurosurgeon with extensive education from Marmara University, Uludag University, and Harvard Medical School. Experienced in research, state service, and teaching. Member of Turkish Neurosurgery Association, Turkish Neurosurgery Society Spinal and Peripheral Nerve Surgery Group, Turkish Spine Association, North American Spine Society, and Nervous System Surgery Association.
Read moreNeurosurgeon with extensive education from Marmara University, Uludag University, and Harvard Medical School. Experienced in research, state service, and teaching. Member of Turkish Neurosurgery Association, Turkish Neurosurgery Society Spinal and Peripheral Nerve Surgery Group, Turkish Spine Association, North American Spine Society, and Nervous System Surgery Association.
Doctor's visit | price on request |
Radiation therapy for brain tumor | $3800 - $5500 |
Gamma Knife | $4000 - $4500 |