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Dt. Elif Nurhak Erdal

She was born in Salihli, Manisa in 1975. She completed her secondary education at Salihli Sekine Evren Anatolian High School and her higher education at Istanbul University Faculty of Dentistry and graduated successfully in 1999.
In the same year, she started working as an assistant professor at the I.U. Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Community Oral and Dental Health, and completed her master's degree with high honors at the I.U. Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health in 2003. During her four-year academic education, she worked as a lecturer at the Yeditepe University Faculty of Dentistry and had the opportunity to work in various private clinics.
Since 2003, he has been a practical training consultant for dentists in aesthetic dentistry and teeth whitening at Güney Diş Deposu. As the head of domestic training activities for Ultradent / Kerrhawe companies, he organized courses for local and foreign dentists, participated in many international congresses and fairs on the subject, and had the opportunity to closely follow dental technology. He started working at Cosmodent Dentistry and Implantology Center in 2005. In 2007, he founded "Gülümse Dental Clinic" with his doctor friend in Perpa Trade Center. He has been providing services in Osmanoğlu Hospital since September 2013. As of 2020, he has been working in the field of 'Health Tourism' at Klinik No 1 Dental Clinic, of which he is one of the founding partners.
She opened her own clinic as of April 2024.
Istanbul Dentists Chamber Şişli district representative and also works in the Dentists Chamber Health Tourism Commission. Simultaneously, she is a member of the Şişli Municipality City Council Tourism Commission Board of Directors. She is the mother of Ali Deniz.
She speaks English at C1 level.

Dr. Çiğdem Karakuş is a dentist at Dent Glow Clinic in Izmir. She specializes in aesthetic dentistry, dental implants, and veneers. She graduated with honors from Ege University Faculty of Dentistry in 2020. Dr. Karakuş has completed advanced training in implantology, porcelain laminate veneers, and implant-supported prostheses.

She has performed thousands of dental treatments and is known for her expertise and patient care. Dr. Karakuş received a Certificate of Honor from Ege University. She also holds several accreditations in implantology and cosmetic dentistry. She is a member of the Turkish Dental Association and speaks both English and Turkish.

Dr. Nejat Akalan is a leading neurosurgeon specializing in brain and nerve surgeries, with over 35 years of experience. His areas of expertise include epilepsy, glioma, skull injuries, movement disorders, spine tumors, herniations, and other nervous disorders. He uses advanced techniques in his surgeries and has published 117 scientific papers and a book.

Dr. Veysel Ozcan is an expert in aesthetic and holistic medicine. He has over 12 years of experience working in top clinics in Nişantaşı and Bakırköy. He is known for his careful work and high patient satisfaction. Dr. Ozcan delivers natural and effective results.

He holds certifications from the Turkish Ministry of Health in Mesotherapy, Phytotherapy, Cupping Therapy, and Ozone Therapy. He combines modern aesthetic treatments with complementary wellness therapies. Dr. Ozcan also served as Chief Physician for two years. In this role, he led clinical teams and managed hospital departments.

He has chaired important hospital committees, including Infection, Quality, Inspection, Facility Security, and Patient Safety. He is dedicated to high medical standards and patient safety. Dr. Ozcan speaks fluent English and intermediate Kurdish. He is recognized for his innovative and patient-centered approach.

Dr. Baha Toygar is an experienced Eye Diseases Specialist with over 25 years in the field. He has performed more than 30,000 surgical procedures. His expertise includes LASEK, ReLEx SMILE, and Cataract Surgery with Multifocal Lens Implants.

Dr. Toygar is a certified international instructor for intra corneal rings and phakic IOLs. He has also served as a moderator at the ESCRS Satellite Symposium. He is a co-founder and General Secretary of the Black Sea Countries Ophthalmological Society. Dr. Toygar is a member of ESCRS, ASCRS, and the American Academy of Ophthalmology.

Çağdaş Gökhun Özmerdiven

Education

Dr. Lecturer. Çağdaş Gökhun Özmerdiven, after completing his pre-undergraduate education, successfully completed his medical education at Trakya University Faculty of Medicine and received the title of Medical Doctor. He completed his specialization at Uludağ University Faculty of Medicine and became a Urology specialist.

Fields of Study and Interests

Male infertility (varicocele, in vitro fertilization, azoospermia), Prostatin laser surgery, Holmium Laser Lithotripsy (Bloodless, Incisionless Kidney Stone Surgeries)

Neurosurgery

Fields of Study and Interests

• Spina Bifida,

• Lumbar Mass,

• Tumor,

• Meningomyelocele,

• Neurological Diseases,

• Cervical Disc Hernia,

• Brain Diseases,

• Herniated disc

• Neck hernia

• Spinal Canal Stenosis

• Spondylolisthesis (Waist Slip)

• Brain Tumors

• Spinal Cord Tumors

• Spine Fracture

• Celebral hemorrhage

• Brain Aneurysm

• hydrocephalus

• Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

Education

• University of Wisconsin Neurosurgery Clinic Neurosurgery Specialization Training 2017,

Madison/USA

• Bakırköy Mental and Neurological Diseases Hospital Brain and Nerve Surgery Specialization

Training 2014, Istanbul/Turkey

• Mersin University Faculty of Medicine Medical Doctor Specialization Training 2007,

Mersin/Turkey

Career

• Istanbul Kanuni Sultan Süleyman Training and Research Hospital 2014-2021, Istanbul/Turkey

• Istanbul Bakırköy Psychiatric Hospital 2008-2014, Istanbul/Turkey

• Çorlu State Hospital 2007-2008, Çorlu/Turkey

Publications: Üçer, M. (2021). Minimally Invasive Approach Toward Percutaneous Direct Pars

Repair: An Observational Study. World Neurosurgery, 146, e1301-e1306.

Neurosurgery Training: Gazi University, Department of Neurosurgery, 2011 

H index: 10, I10 Index: 12 Citations: 296

 Dr Mehmet Tonge has international and nationwide 32 publications, 12 book chapters, 92 oral and poster presentations and 41 invited lectures, mostly on Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery. 

Work & Training experience:

2004-2011: Gazi University, Department of Neurosurgery (Residency)

 2008: Zurich University Hospital, Department of Neurosurgery (Intraoperative MRI applications), Switzerland 

2008: Zurich University Hospital, Department of Neurosurgery: Microneurosurgery, white matter dissection, interventional neuroradiology courses, Switzerland 

2011 – 2012: Sinop Ataturk State Hospital, Neurosurgeon

 2012 – 2013: Cankiri State Hospital, Neurosurgeon 

2013 – 2014: Istanbul Medipol University, Department of Neurosurgery & Gamma Knife Center (Ass Prof) 

2013 – now: Maastricht University Neurosurgery & Neuroscience Department (Visiting scientist, PhDc) The Netherlands 

2014: Maastricht University, The Netherlands: Deep Brain Stimulation Fellowship 2014-2018: Istanbul Memorial Hospital Neurosurgery: Staff Neurosurgeon

 2016-2018: Istanbul Florence Nightingale Hospital (Consultant, Gamma Knife Center) 

2018-now: Istanbul Medipol University (Stereotactic & Functional Neurosurgery, Gamma Knife Center) Ass. Prof.) 

Dr Mehmet Tonge has completed 4-year cycle EANS (European Association of Neurosurgical Societies) Training courses. 

Clinical areas of interest:

 • Stereotactic & Functional Neurosurgery

 • Surgery for movement disorders

• * MR Guided Focused Ultrasound (MRgFUS)

 • Gamma Knife Radiosurgery 

• Surgery for pain & spasticity 

• Psychosurgery

Research areas of interest: 

• Deep brain stimulation

• * MR Guided Focused Ultrasound (MRgFUS)

 • Stereotactic radiosurgery 

Administrative duties:

 • Turkish Neurosurgical Society, Sterotactic & Functional Neurosurgery Section: Board member 2015- 2017 

• Turkish Neurosurgical Society, Sterotactic & Functional Neurosurgery Section: Board member (Secretary) 2017-2019

 • Turkish Skull Base Society: Board member 2016-2018

 • Turkish Skull Base Society: Supervisory board member 2018-2020

 • Deep Brain Stimulation and Movement Disorders Surgery Society: Executive Board Member, (Accountant) 2023-still 

Memberships: 

• WSSFN (World Stereotactic & Functional Neurosurgery Society) 

• ESSFN (European Stereotactic & Functional Neurosurgery Society)

 • Deep Brain Stimulation and Movement Disorders Surgery Society

 • Deep Brain Stimulation Society 

• International Stereotactic Radiosurgery Society 

• Leksell Gamma Knife Society 

• EANS (European Association of Neurosurgical Societies) 

• Turkish Neurosurgical Society

• Turkish Skull Base Society

Sample Publications: 

1. Tonge M. Technological developments in electric based DBS. Deep Brain Stimulation 2024 4(36-41) DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdbs.2023.12.001 

2. Akgul E, Onan HB, Islek I, Tonge M, Durmus Y, Barburoglu M, Azizova A, Erol C, Hakyemez B, Sencer S, Aydin K, Arat A. Flow diverter stents in the treatment of recanalized intracranial aneurysms. Interv Neuroradiol. 2021 Aug;27(4):481-489. doi: 10.1177/1591019921990507. Epub 2021 Jan 28. PMID: 33509011; PMCID: PMC8580529. 

3. Mulders AEP, Temel Y, Tonge M, Schaper FLWVJ, van Kranen-Mastenbroek V,Ackermans L, Kubben P, Janssen MLF, Duits A. The association between surgical characteristics and cognitive decline following deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus in Parkinson's disease. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2021 Jan;200:106341. doi: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2020.106341. Epub 2020 Nov 3. PMID: 33160716. 

4. Wetzelaer P, Vlis T, Tonge M, Ackermans L, Kubben P, Evers S, Kocabicak E, Temel Y. Management of Hardware Related Infections after DBS Surgery: A Cost Analysis. Turk Neurosurg. 2018;28(6):929- 933. doi: 10.5137/1019-5149.JTN.21511-17.1. PMID: 29465741. 

5. Bedirli N, Emmez G, Ünal Y, Tönge M, Emmez H. Effects of positive end- expiratory pressure on intracranial pressure during pneumoperitoneum and Trendelenburg position in a porcine mode. Turk J Med Sci. 2017 Nov 13;47(5):1610-1615. doi: 10.3906/sag-1609-17. PMID: 29152942. 

6. Sari R, Tonge M, Bolukbasi FH, Onoz M, Baskan O, Silav G, Elmaci I. Management of Failed Cranioplasty. Turk Neurosurg. 2017;27(2):201-207. doi: 10.5137/1019-5149.JTN.15395-15.0. PMID: 27593759. 

7. Tonge M, Kocabicak E, Ackermans L, Kuijf M, Temel Y. Final Electrode Position in Subthalamic Nucleus Deep Brain Stimulation Surgery: A Comparison of Indirect and Direct Targeting Methods. Turk Neurosurg. 2016;26(6):900-903. doi: 10.5137/1019-5149.JTN.13739-14.1. PMID: 27337232. 

8. Tonge M, Ackermans L, Kocabicak E, van Kranen-Mastenbroek V, Kuijf M, Oosterloo M, Kubben P, Temel Y. A detailed analysis of intracerebral hemorrhages in DBS surgeries. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2015 Dec;139:183-7. doi: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2015.10.017. Epub 2015 Oct 23. PMID: 26513430. 

9. Silav G, Bölükbaşı FH, Özek E, Tönge M, Önöz M, Elmacı İ. A Simple Technique for Bone Storage after Decompressive Craniectomy in Children. Pediatr Neurosurg. 2015;50(3):161-4. doi: 10.1159/000381748. Epub 2015 May 14. PMID: 25998533. 

10. Yilmaz MB, Donmez H, Tonge M, Senol S, Tekiner A. Vertebrojugular arteriovenous fistula and pseudoaneurysm formation due to penetrating vertebral artery injury: case report and review of the literature. Turk Neurosurg. 2015;25(1):141-5. doi: 10.5137/1019-5149.JTN.8247-13.1. PMID: 25640560. 

11. Kurt G, Tönge M, Çeltıkçı E, Çapraz I, Serdaroğlu A, Bılır E. Surgery for intractable temporal lobe epilepsy: experience of a single institution. Turk J Med Sci. 2014;44(5):866-70. doi: 10.3906/sag-1307- 30. PMID: 25539559. 

12. Yılmaz MB, Tönge M, Emmez H, Kaymaz F, Kaymaz M. Neuroprotective effects of quetiapine on neuronal apoptosis following experimental transient focal cerebral ischemia in rats. J Korean Neurosurg Soc. 2013 Jul;54(1):1-7. doi: 10.3340/jkns.2013.54.1.1. Epub 2013 Jul 31. PMID: 24044072; PMCID: PMC3772279. 

13. Yilmaz MB, Egemen E, Tonge M, Kaymaz M. Transoral protrusion of a peritoneal catheter due to gastric perforation 10 years after a ventriculoperitoneal shunting: case report and review of the literature. Turk Neurosurg. 2013;23(2):285-8. doi: 10.5137/1019-5149.JTN.4904-11.1. PMID: 23546921. 

14. Omerhodzic I, Tonge M, Matos B, Musabeliu E, Raspanti C, Ferdinandov D, Galimova R, Muroi C, Balik V, Kursumovic A. Neurosurgical training programme in selected European countries: from the young neurosurgeons' point of view. Turk Neurosurg. 2012;22(3):286-93. doi: 10.5137/1019- 5149.JTN.5133-11.0. PMID: 22664994. 

15. Ergun E, Kurt G, Tonge M, Aytar H, Tas M, Baykaner K, Ceviker N. Effects of phenytoin sodium on dura mater healing in a rat model of CSF leakage. Turk Neurosurg. 2011;21(4):471-6. PMID: 22194102. 

16. Emmez H, Tonge M, Tokgoz N, Durdag E, Gonul I, Cevıker N. Radiological and histopathological comparison of microporous polysaccharide hemospheres and oxidized regenerated cellulose in the rabbit brain: a study of efficacy and safety. Turk Neurosurg. 2010 Oct;20(4):485-91. doi: 10.5137/1019- 5149.JTN.3300-10.2. PMID: 20963698. 

17. Emmez H, Yildirim Z, Kale A, Tönge M, Durdağ E, Börcek AO, Uçankuş LN, Doğulu F, Kiliç N, Baykaner MK. Anti-apoptotic and neuroprotective effects of α-lipoic acid on spinal cord ischemiareperfusion injury in rabbits. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2010 Sep;152(9):1591-600; discussion 1600-1. doi: 10.1007/s00701-010-0703-9. Epub 2010 Jun 10. PMID: 20535507. 

18. Kurt G, Tonge M, Börcek AO, Karahacioglu E, Gurel O, Baykaner K, Ceviker N, Aykol S. Fractionated gamma knife radiosurgery for optic nerve tumors: a technical report. Turk Neurosurg. 2010 Apr;20(2):241-6. doi: 10.5137/1019-5149.JTN.1681-09.3. PMID: 20401852. 

19. Emmez H, Kale A, Tönge M, Cakir A, Ceviker N. Two meningiomas with different histological grades in the same patient. Case report. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo). 2010;50(8):686-8. doi: 10.2176/nmc.50.686. PMID: 20805656.

Dr. Caner Kaya is a plastic surgeon in Istanbul with over 15 years of experience. He works at TWT Health Clinic. Dr. Kaya focuses on aesthetic and reconstructive procedures. His main areas include rhinoplasty, facelifts, eyelid correction, breast augmentation, thigh lifts, mommy makeovers, and FUE hair transplantation.

He earned his medical degree from Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University. He then specialized in Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery at Marmara University. Dr. Kaya has performed thousands of surgeries. He is known for high patient satisfaction and strong safety standards. Dr. Kaya is dedicated to excellence and ongoing learning in aesthetic medicine.

Dr. Cemal Kara is a general surgeon with 26 years of experience. He specializes in cosmetic and weight-loss surgeries. He has performed more than 6,200 procedures. Dr. Kara co-founded the Aegean Medical Health Center and is recognized as a leader in his field.

He holds a Certificate of Surgical Competence from the Turkish Surgical Association, awarded in 2008. Dr. Kara has received several awards in both international and national scientific competitions. He invented and patented a laparoscopic surgical instrument. He has also published over 30 medical articles.

Dr. Kara is an active member of several professional organizations. These include the Turkish Surgical Association, Turkish Colon and Rectum Surgery Association, and the Aegean Region Surgery Association.

Dr. Fatih Temizturk is a rehabilitation specialist. He earned his medical degree from Hacettepe University in 2006. He has more than ten years of experience in neurological and orthopedic rehabilitation. He also treats musculoskeletal and rheumatological diseases.

Dr. Temizturk is skilled in advanced injection therapies such as Botox, PRP, and CGF. He also performs ultrasound-guided procedures. He has worked in both academic and clinical settings. He served as an Assistant Professor at Dumlupınar University and as a specialist at Nobel Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Center.

2019 - Present, Istanbul/Istanbul/Türkiye

MEMORIAL ATASEHIR HOSPITAL

Thoracic Surgery Specialist

2017 - 2019, Istanbul/Istanbul/Türkiye

PRIVATE ACADEMIC HOSPITAL

Thoracic Surgery Specialist

2010 - 2021, Istanbul/Istanbul/Türkiye

MARMARA UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF MEDICINE

Thoracic Surgery Specialist

2009 - 2010, Istanbul/Istanbul/Türkiye

KARTAL LÜTFİ KIRDAR TRAINING AND RESEARCH HOSPITAL

Deputy Clinic Chief

Dr. Ertan Sunay is a respected ophthalmologist with a medical degree from Istanbul University. He completed his post-graduate training at ZNA Middelheim Hospital in Belgium. Dr. Sunay specializes in cataract, refractive, and retinal surgeries. He holds certifications in advanced procedures, including Intralase Surgery, PresbyMAX Laser Surgery, Phakic IOLs, Corneal Cross-Linking, and Ferrara Rings Application.

Dr. Sunay is a member of the American Academy of Ophthalmology, the American Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgery, the European Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgeons, EURETINA, and the Turkish Ophthalmological Association. He has attended many international congresses and has contributed to the progress of ophthalmic surgery and patient care.

Dr. Fırat Helvacıoğlu is an experienced ophthalmologist. He specializes in cataract and refractive surgery. He graduated from Marmara University School of Medicine. He completed his residency at Bakirkoy Dr. Sadi Konuk Research and Training Hospital. Dr. Helvacıoğlu is certified by the International Council of Ophthalmology. He passed both the Basic Science and Clinical Science Board Exams.

He is a member of several medical organizations, including TOA, TTB, ESCRS, ASCRS, ISRS, and ICO. Dr. Helvacıoğlu has attended more than 20 international congresses and symposiums. These include meetings of the European Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgeons and the Afro-Asian Congress of Ophthalmology. He is dedicated to continuous professional development and high standards in his field.

Areas Of Interest

Urooncology 

Robotic Urology and Endourology 

Laser Technologies and Laser Prostate Surgeries (HoLEP, ThuFLEP) 

MRI Transrectal/Transperineal Ultrasonography Prostate Fusion Biopsy 

Endoscopic Stone Surgery 

Education 

Gulhane Military Medical Academy 

Experience 

Liv Ulus Hospital 

Kolan International Hospital 

Gülhane Education and Research Hospital 

Gulhane Military Medical Faculty 

University of Health Sciences, Gülhane Faculty of Medicine 

Memberships 

Turkish Urological Association 

Society of Endourology 

European Society of Urology (EAU) 

American Urological Association (AUA) 

World Society of Endourolog

Prof. Dr. Abdulmuttalip Şimşek

Prof. Dr. Abdulmuttalip Şimşek graduated from Istanbul University Faculty of Medicine in 2005. In 2010, he completed his 'Specialization Training' in the field of Urology at Foundation Gureba Hospital. Prof., who conducts studies at Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Lütfiye Nuri Burat State Hospital and Haseki Training and Research Hospital. Dr. Abdulmuttalip Şimşek received the title of Associate Professor in 2015.

He carried out studies at the University of Sheffield and Hallamshire Hospital between 2015 and 2016. Returning to Turkey in 2016, Prof. worked as a teaching assistant at Bakırköy Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital. Dr. Abdulmuttalip Şimşek has been working as a urologist at Başakşehir Çam and Sakura Hospital since 2020.

Prof. has an innovative perspective in the field of urology. Dr. Abdulmuttalip Şimşek treats his patients by taking advantage of developing technology. Prof. has made significant contributions to the field of urology with many international research and scientific publications. Dr. Abdulmuttalip Şimşek treats his patients as a Robotic and Reconstructive Urology Specialist.

Education status:

Degree

Department/Program

University

Year

Undergraduate Medicine Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul 1999-2005

Specialization in Medicine Urology Bezmi Alem Vakif University Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul 2005-2010

Associate Professorship SBU Haseki Training and Research Hospital 2015

PhD in Reconstructive Urology under the direction of Professor Christopher Chapple, University of Sheffield and Hallamshire Hospital, England 2015-2016

Medical Specialization Thesis Title and Advisor: Comparison of Efficacy and Complication Rates of Transobturator and Retropubic Midurethral Loose Sling Surgery in Stress Urinary Incontinence Patients (2010) Thesis Advisor: Prof.Dr. Sinasi Yavuz Önol Bezmi Alem Vakıf University Faculty of Medicine Urology Clinic

Areas of Interest: Reconstructive urology, Robotic surgery, Urooncology

Tasks:

Job Title

Duty Station

Year

Expert Dr. Lütfiye Nuri Burat State Hospital – Istanbul 2011- 2012

Expert Dr. Haseki Training and Research Hospital Urology Clinic - Istanbul 2012 January - 2015

Assoc. Dr. Haseki Training and Research Hospital Urology Clinic - Istanbul 2015

Associate Professor. University of Sheffield and Hallamshire Hospital, England 2015-2016

Education Officer Bakırköy Dr. Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital Urology Clinic - Istanbul 2016 – May 2020

Education Officer Başakşehir Çam and Sakura City Hospital Urology Clinic - Istanbul 2020 June - Present

Administrative Duties:

Bakırköy Dr. Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital Urology Clinic Administrative Manager – 2020

Supervised Theses:

expertise in medicine

Yunus ÇOLAKOĞLU (2020). Comparison of oncological and functional results of Robotic and Open Perineal Radical Prostatectomy. University of Health Sciences, Bakırköy Dr. Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital Urology Clinic

Ramazan UĞUR (2020). The effect of end-to-end anastomosis urethroplasty and buccal mucosal graft urethroplasty techniques on erectile function in bulbar urethra stenosis. University of Health Sciences, Bakırköy Dr. Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital Urology Clinic

Abdullah Hızır YAVUZSAN (2017). Comparison of peroperative parameters according to renal nephrometry score in robotic and laparoscopic partial nephrectomies. University of Health Sciences, Bakırköy Dr. Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital Urology Clinic

Memberships to Scientific Organizations:

Turkish Urology Association

Turkish Andrology Association

European Association of Urology

American Urological Association

American Society of Genitourinary Reconstructive Surgery

Awards :

Alpay KELAMI, Men's Sexual Health award, Turkish Andrology Association, 2011

Men's Sexual Health Alpay KELAMI award, Turkish Andrology Association, 2009

Dt. Ebru Şaşmazlar

she graduated from Istanbul University Faculty of Dentistry in 2000. Between 2000 to 2021, she worked in her own office in Şişli; and between 2021 to 2024, she worked in her own clinic on Bağdat Street.
She has attended numerous seminars and courses throughout her career.
she received "Digital Smile Design" training at Miami University, USA in 2014; and "Advanced Implantology" training at California Northstate University in 2017.
With 24 years of experience, I am currently operating in Klinik En.

Dr. Ozdenskaya has been practicing medicine since 1998, and has worked in several hospitals and clinics in the Istanbul area. Since 2012 he has been working as a general specialist in obesity surgery at Medipol Clinic, performing laparoscopic gastric sleeve resection, stomach resection with the da Vinci robot, gastric balloon and mini-gastric bypass operations.