The #1 Medical Tourism Platform since 2014

Best Reconstruction of foot joints and toes orthopedists: TOP 50 doctors

author
Content meets the Bookimed Editorial Policy and is medically reviewed by
Fahad Mawlood - General practitioner. Winner of 4 scientific awards. Served in Western Asia. Former Team Leader of a medical team supporting Arabic-speaking patients. Now responsible for data processing and medical content accuracy.
image
Mustafa Ozdemir
Orthopedist
31 years of experience
5.0
2 reviews
Turkey, Istanbul
Medipol Acibadem District Hospital

Mustafa Ozdemir

Orthopedist
31 years of experience

Education

 

  • (1998-2004), Bachelor's Degree Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara
  • (2005-2010), Doctorate / Specialization in Medicine Haydarpaşa Numune Training and Research Hospital

 

Experience

 

  • 2005-2011, Assistant Doctor Haydarpaşa Numune Training and Research Hospital, Department of Radiology
  • 2011-2013, Specialist Doctor Kahramanmaraş Women's and Children's Hospital, Kahramanmaraş Necip Fazıl City Hospital (mandatory service)
  • 2013-2022, Specialist Doctor Ministry of Health Fatih Sultan Mehmet Training and Research Hospital, Department of Radiology
  • 2022, Associate Professor Ministry of Health Fatih Sultan Mehmet Training and Research Hospital, Department of Radiology

 

Read more
image
Yusuf Yahsi
Orthopedic surgeon
7 years of experience
5.0
2 reviews
Turkey, Istanbul
Medipol Acibadem District Hospital

Yusuf Yahsi

Orthopedic surgeon
7 years of experience

Objective:
To utilize my expertise in Pediatric Orthopedics, Hand Surgery, Arthroplasty, and Trauma within a progressive medical institution, contributing to patient care, research, and academic development.

Work Experience:

Şırnak State Hospital, Orthopedics and Traumatology Specialist
March 2022 - Present

  • Lead orthopedic surgeon specializing in pediatric orthopedics, hand surgery, arthroplasty, and trauma.
  • Conducting surgical interventions, consultations, and post-operative care for patients with diverse orthopedic conditions.
  • Collaborating closely with multidisciplinary teams to devise and implement comprehensive treatment plans.
  • Actively participating in hospital rounds, conferences, and educational initiatives.

İstanbul Şişli Etfal Training and Research Hospital, Orthopedics and Traumatology Residency
July 2017 - February 2022

  • Completed a rigorous residency program focused on orthopedic surgery and traumatology.
  • Rotated through various subspecialties including pediatric orthopedics, hand surgery, and arthroplasty.
  • Assisted in surgical procedures, outpatient clinics, and emergency consultations.

Education:

İstanbul Şişli Etfal Training and Research Hospital, Orthopedics and Traumatology Residency
2017-2022

  • Residency training program specializing in orthopedic surgery and traumatology.

Trakya University, Orthopedics and Traumatology Residency
2016-2017

  • One-year residency program focusing on orthopedic surgery and traumatology.

Gaziantep University, Faculty of Medicine
2009-2016

  • Doctor of Medicine (MD) degree.

İçel Anatolian High School
2005-2009

  • High School Diploma.

Professional Memberships:

  • Turkish Society of Orthopedics and Traumatology (TOTBİD)
  • Turkish Orthopedic and Traumatology Institute (TOTDER)
  • Turkish Society of Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy, and Knee Surgery (TUSYAD)

Skills:

  • Proficient in diagnosing and treating orthopedic conditions in both pediatric and adult patients.
  • Skilled in performing various orthopedic surgeries including arthroplasty, hand surgery, and trauma procedures.
  • Strong interdisciplinary collaboration and communication skills.
  • Committed to continuous professional development and continuing medical education.
Read more
image
Erman Cekic
Orthopedist
13 years of experience
Turkey, Istanbul
OrtoCare Clinic

Erman Cekic

Orthopedist
13 years of experience

Work Experience:

• 2011-2014 (Haziran) Kütahya Tavşanlı Doç. Dr. Mustafa Kalemli Hospital

• 2014(Haziran)-2019 ( Haziran) Kütahya Özel Anadolu Hospital

• 2019- 2020 İstanbul Arnavutköy Hosptial

• 2020- 2023 Özel İstanbul Şafak Hospital

• 2024 -halen OrtoCare Clinic

 

Education:

▪ 1989-1993 Erzurum High School

▪ 1993-1994 İzmir 60. Yıl High School

▪ 1994-1997 İzmir 60. Yıl High School

▪ 1997-2004 Dokuz Eylül University Medicine Faculty

▪ 2005-2011 Dokuz Eylül Universtiy Orthopaedics and Traumatology Department

 

Profesional Experience:

• Joint and Cartilage Surgery and Stem Cell treatment

• Sports Medicine and Joint Arthroscopy

• Joint Arhtroplasty (knee- hip-shoulder prothesis)

• Hand Surgery and Microsurgery

• Spinal Surgery

• Traumatolgy

 

Postgraduate Education:

• 2006 Orthopaedic Trauma Course

• 2008 Monolateral Eksternal Fixator Course

• 2009 Prof. Dr. Rıdvan Ege Han Surgery Course

• 2009 Advanced Orthoapedic Trauma Course

• 2009 Based Arthroscopy Course

• 2010 AO Trauma Course ( Principles in Operative Fracture Treatment)

• 2010 3.Based İntrameduller Nailing Course

• 2011 AO Trauma Course (Advances in Operative Fracture Treatment)

• 2011 2. Advanced İntrameduller Nailing Course

• 2011 XII. Advanced Artrhroscopy Course

• 2012 Ankle Arthroscopy Course

• 2012 Shoulder Artrhroscopy Course

• 2013 AO Trauma Masters Course

• 2013 Knee Arthroplasty and Revision Arthroplasty Course ( Viyana/ Avusturya)

• 2015 Primer and Revision Knee Artrhroplasty Course( Arthroschool Courses)

• 2016 Master Knee Arthroscopy Course ( Acıbadem Univ./ İstanbul )

• 2020 Live lig spinall instrumentation kursu (Medtronic İstanbul)

 

Congress and Symposiums

• 2002 Eğitim Programı Geliştirme Sempozyumu

• 2004 III. National Medicine Education Congress

• 2017 National Medicine Student Congress

• 2008 8th İnternational Turkish Spine Congress

• 2009 XXI. National Orthopaedy and Traumatology Congress

• 2010 12. National Hand and Upper Extremity Surgery Congress

• 2001 II. National Medicine Education Congress

• 2011 XXII. National Orthopaedy and Traumatology Congress

• 2012 10. ArthroplastyWinter Congress

• 2012 13th European Federation of National Associations of Orthopaedics and Traumatology Congress

• 2012 13. National Hand and Upper Extremity Surgery Congress

• 2013 Osteosynthese İnternational 2013

• 2013 14th European Federation of National Associations of Orthopaedics and Traumatology Congress

• 2014 10th Central European Orthopaedic Congress

• 2014 24. National Orthopaedy and Traumatology Congress

• 2015 25, National Orthopaedy and Traumatology Congress

• 2016 26. National Orthopaedy and Traumatology Congress

• 2017 Eurospine 2017 Congress Ireland

 

Bibliography:

• 2011 XXII. Ulusal Türk Ortopedi ve Travmatoloji Kongresi Poster Bildirisi (İNTRAMEDULLER

ÇİVİLEME YÖNTEMİ İLE OPERE EDİLEN TİBİA CİSİM KIRIKLI HASTALARIN TAKİBİNDE

KULLANILAN RADYOGRAFİK KAYNAMA SKORLAMA SİSTEMİNİN GÜVENİLİRLİĞİNİN

HASTA KLİNİĞİ İLE DOĞRULANMASI )

• 2013 Osteosynthese İnternational 2013 and İntramedullary Nailing Courses Oral Presentation

(F1.4 Verification of the reliability of the radiographic union score for tibial fractures in

the follow-up of patients with tibia corpus fractures operated via the intramedullary

nailing technique using the patients’ clinical condition. E. Cekic1, E. Alici2,)

• 2014 10th Central European Orthopaedic Congress Oral Presentation ( The Reliability of

Radiographic Union Score).

• Reliability of the Radiographic Union Score for Tibial Fractures Acta Orthop Traumatol Turc

2014;48(5):533-540 doi: 10.3944/AOTT.2014.14.002

• Prediction of tibial nonunion at the 6-week time point Keir A. Ross, Kevin O’Halloran, Renan C.

Castillo, Max Coale, Justin Fowler, Jason W. Nascone, Marcus F. Sciadini, Christopher T. LeBrun,

Theodore T. Manson, Anthony R. Carlini, Josef E. Jolissaint, Robert V. O’Toole*

• Reprodutibilidade do escore radiográfico de consolidac¸ão das fraturas da tíbia (RUST) Fernando

Antonio Silva de Azevedo Filhoa,b,∗, Ricardo Britto Cotiasa, Matheus Lemos Azib e Armando Augusto

de Almeida Teixeiraa

• Does weight-bearing assignment after intramedullary nail placement alter healing of tibial shaft

fractures? D.A. Greenhilla,∗, M. Poormanb, C. Pinkowskib, F.V. Ramseyb, C. Haydela

• Will My Tibial Fracture Heal? Predicting Nonunion at the Time of Definitive Fixation Based on

Commonly Available Variables

Kevin O’Halloran MD, Max Coale BA, Timothy Costales BS,Timothy Zerhusen Jr BS, Renan C. Castillo PhD,

Jason W. Nascone MD,Robert V. O’Toole MD

• Feasibility and Value of Radiographic Union Score Hip Fracture after Treatment with Intramedullary

Nail of Stable Hip Fractures

• Image quality of cone beam computed tomography for evaluation of extremity fractures in the presence

of metalhardware: visual grading characteristics analysis

1GREG M OSGOOD, MD, 2GAURAV K THAWAIT, MD, 2NIMA HAFEZI-NEJAD, MD,

2DELARAM SHAKOOR, MD,1ADAM SHANER, MD, 3JOHN YORKSTON, PhD, 4WOJCIECH B

ZBIJEWSKI, PhD, 4JEFFREY H SIEWERDSEN, PhDand 2SHADPOUR DEMEHRI, MD

• Correlation Between RUST Assessments of Fracture Healing to Structural

and Biomechanical Properties

Margaret E. Cooke,1 Amira I. Hussein,1 Kyle E. Lybrand,1 Alexander Wulff,1 Erin Simmons,1

Jeffrey H. Choi,1 Jody Litrenta,1William M. Ricci,2 Jason W. Nascone,3 Robert V. O’Toole,3 Elise F.

Morgan,4 Louis C. Gerstenfeld,1 Paul Tornetta III1

• EXPLORING PROGNOSTIC FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH

ADVERSE OUTCOMES IN PATIENTS WITH FRACTURES OF THE

TIBIAL SHAFT

By RAMAN MUNDI, MD, BHSc

A Thesis Submitted to the School of Graduate Studies in Partial Fulfillment of the

Requirements for the Degree Master of Science

McMaster University

• Value of a radiographic score for the assessment of healing of nailed femoral

and tibial shaft fractures: A retrospective preliminary study

Vasiliki Perlepea,⁎, Andrea Ceratoa, Dan Putineanua, Celine Buglib, Guy Heynend,

Patrick Omoumia,c, Bruno Vande Berga

 

About me

I graduated from Izmir Dokuz Eylul University with the orthopedics branch. After I graduated, I carried out some

studies focusing on especially on

joint and cartilage surgery and stem cells. In this, I worked with many professional and amateur sport clubs. Also,

I worked on joint replacement surgery

for further aged people. Approximately, I achieved 10 thousand people who took knee and hip replacement

surgery from me. I attended to many international conferences about joint and cartilage surgery. Now I start

Ortocare Clinic for orthopedics and health center. In here, I treat my patients using the most advanced

technologies in the world, such as foot health centers, electromagnetic therapy, cryocabin therapy, backup

therapy and stem cell therapy. In our clinic, I continue to my work on non-surgical treatments, especially antiaging

treatment, and to eliminate pain problems in patients. On top of that, I also carry out some post-operative

rehabilitation and medical plates exercises.

Read more
image
Eyup Bakmaz
Orthopedist
39 years of experience
Turkey, Istanbul
Gayrettepe Florence Nightingale Hospital

Eyup Bakmaz

Orthopedist
39 years of experience

EXPERIENCE

1997 – today

Gayrettepe Florence Nightingale Hospital

Orthopedics and Traumatology specialist

 

1996 – 1997

Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology

Chief Assistant Specialist Doctor

 

1992 – 1996

Istanbul University Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine

Orthopedics and Traumatology, Specialist

 

1992 – 1996

Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology

Assistant Physician

 

1987 – 1991

Adana Reşat Bey Health Center

General practitioner

 

1985 – 1987

Trabzon Maçka (Compulsory Service)

General practitioner 

 

CLINICAL FOCUS 

Sports Injuries

Orthopedic Trauma

Knee Arthroscopy

Hip Arthroscopy

 

EDUCATION

Istanbul University Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine

Medical Education

Read more
image
Prof Ibrahim Azboy
Orthopedic surgeon
23 years of experience
5.0
2 reviews
Turkey, Istanbul
Medipol Acibadem District Hospital

Prof Ibrahim Azboy

Orthopedic surgeon
23 years of experience

Faculty of Medicine Hacettepe School of Medicine (1994-2001)

Specialty training: Istanbul Training and Research Hospital (2002-2008)

In 2015, he was awarded the title of Associate Professor.

On February 01, 2021, he was promoted to Professor.


Professional Positions:

Consultant MD, Balıkesir Military Hospital (2008-2009)

Consultant MD, Şanlıurfa Training and Research Hospital (2009-2011)

Assistant Professor MD, Dicle University, Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology (2011-2017)

Associate Professor MD, Istanbul Medipol University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology (2017-2020)

Professor MD, Istanbul Medipol University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology (2021 – Ongoing)

Read more
image
Javier Albiñana
Orthopedist
39 years of experience
3.4
5 reviews

Javier Albiñana

Orthopedist
39 years of experience
Spain, Madrid
Quironsalud Madrid
image
Serdar Toker
Orthopedist
26 years of experience
Turkey, Izmit
Private Yüzyıl Hospital

Serdar Toker

Orthopedist
26 years of experience

Personal Information

Name Surname : Serdar TOKER
Place of Birth - Year :    Istanbul - 1972
Academic Title : Assoc. Dr.
Foreign Language : English


Education

Ege University Faculty of Medicine - Graduation
Sisli Etfal Training and Research Hospital - Specialised
Work Experience

1998 - 2003 Sisli Etfal Training and Research Hospital
2003 - 2004 Kars State Hospital
2004 - 2006 Erzurum Regional Training and Research Hospital
2006 - 2009 Dumlupınar University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology 
2009 - 2010 Research Fellow. Colorado University Denver Healt Centre Rocky Mountain Regional Trauma Centre Department of Orthopaedics and Hand Surgery
2010 - 2016 Necmettin Erbakan University Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology. Head of Hand Surgery Department
Courses - Seminars and Certificates Received

2013 FESSH (Federation of European Societies for Surgery of the Hand) European Diploma
2015 RMCD Microsurgery Course Course Chair
2015 National Turkish Orthopaedics and Traumatology Congress Speaker
2015 RMCD Congress Speaker
2014 National Turkish Orthopaedics and Traumatology Congress Speaker
2013 - 2014 Rıdvan Ege Hand Surgery Course Instructor
2013 RMCD Microsurgery Course Instructor
2013 RMCD Congress Session Chair
2012 Shoulder Elbow Surgery Course Instructor
2012 Subspeciality Diploma in Hand Surgery
2011 RMCD Microsurgery Course
2009 Ankle Arthroscopy Course
2008 Knee Arthroscopy Course
2005 Ilizarov Applications Course

Read more
image
Dr Piya Assawaboonyadej
Orthopedic surgeon
16 years of experience
Thailand, Bangkok
Intrarat Hospital

Dr Piya Assawaboonyadej

Orthopedic surgeon
16 years of experience

Piya Assawaboonyadej, M.D.

 

SPECIALTY
 
  • Orthopedic surgeon
  • Expert in bone and connective tissue tumors
  
EDUCATION
2004Doctor of medicine, Chulalongkorn university, Bangkok, Thailand
2008 - 2011Residency, Institute of Orthopaedics, Lerdsin General Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
2012 - 2013Clinical Fellow in Orthopaedic Oncology, Institute of Orthopaedics, Lerdsin General Hospital, Bangkok,Thailand
2016 - 2017Clinical fellowship in Orthopedic Oncology and Reconstruction, University of Iowa, Iowa, USA
  
EXPERIENCES
2011 - 2022Lecturer, Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, Naresuan University Hospital, Phitsanulok, Thailand
2022 - PresentFull-time orthopedic surgeon Intrarat hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
  
PROFESSIONAL MEMBERSHIPS
 
  • Present Member of Thai Medical Council
  • Present Member of The Medical Association of Thailand
  • Present Member of Royal College of Orthopaedic Surgeon of Thailand
  • Present Member of Thai Musculoskeletal Tumor society
  
PUBLICATION
 
  • Result of arthroscopic removal of an enchondroma at the talar dome: a case report. J med assoc thai. 2012 Oct:95 Suppl 10:S226-9
  • Poster presentation 17th general meeting of the international society of limb salvage, Bologna, Italy. 2013
  • Chapter 6: overview in bone sarcoma. Essential course in bone tumor. 2019
  
AREA OF INTEREST
 Musculoskeletal tumor surgery  
Read more
image
Dr Thongchai Theerajumyaporn
Orthopedic surgeon
34 years of experience
Thailand, Bangkok
Intrarat Hospital

Dr Thongchai Theerajumyaporn

Orthopedic surgeon
34 years of experience
EDUCATION
2017Certificate for ROBOTIC ASSISTED SPINE SURGERY FLORIDA HOSPITAL, NICLOLSON CENTER FLORIDA, UNITED OF AMERICA
2017Certificate of attainment for a Clinical Training Course for the Treatment of Osteoarthrosis and Muscular Skeletal Conditions using PRP and STEM CELL Therapy at SureCell Melbourne Australia
2003 - 2004Fellowship in Hip and Knee Reconstructions, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA
2000 - 2003Fellowship in Spine Surgery, UC Davis, School of Medicine, California, USA
 
  • Adult degenerative spine and spinal deformity
  • Pediatric spine surgery
  • Minimally invasive spine surgery
  • Dynamic stabilization spine surgery
  • Total disc replacement in spine surgery
1990 - 2000Certificate Spine Fellowship, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
PUBLICATION
 
  • Load distribution mechanism of subchondral cancellous bonejournal of Orthopedic Surgery 1991.
  • Anterior Lumbar Pedicle Screw Placement: A Cadaveric Feasibility Study; Poster present at 53rd Annual Meeting, Congress of Neurological Surgeons, October 2003, Denver, CO
  • Estrogen-dependent actions of bone morphogenetic protein-7 spine Fusion in rats Spine.2005 Aug 1.
  • Apical sublaminar wires versus pedicle screws-which provides better Results for surgical correction of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis Spine.2005 Sep .
  • Efficacy of mesenchymal stem cell enriched grafts in an ovine posterolateral Lumbar spine model Spine

 

Read more
image
Manuel Leyes
Orthopedist
30 years of experience
Spain, Madrid
Olympia Quironsalud

Manuel Leyes

Orthopedist
30 years of experience

A traumatologist and orthopedic surgeon based in Madrid with nearly 30 years of experience. Throughout his extensive career, he has specialized in the diagnosis and treatment of knee joint pathologies, shoulder joint conditions, sports injuries, ankle disorders, knee joint prosthetics, robotic surgery, and knee trauma.

Graduated from the Faculty of Medicine and Surgery at the University of Navarra, specializing in Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology at the same institution. Additionally, he earned a doctorate in Medicine and Surgery. Based on the MIR rankings, he was recognized as the resident with the best resume in Spain across all specialties.

Later, he pursued advanced training in shoulder surgery in California and completed internships at ten hospitals in the UK and the USA, including the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, as well as the universities of Miami, Oxford, and Cambridge.

Throughout his professional career, he has served as a medical consultant for various clinics and centers, as well as for professional teams such as the Cleveland Cavaliers (NBA), Cleveland Browns (NFL), and Cleveland Indians (baseball). Additionally, he has worked as a trauma consultant for several football teams, including Atlético Madrid, Getafe, and Real Zaragoza, and has collaborated with Spanish federations for gymnastics, judo, and karate.

**Experience**  

 

- Director of Rights, Partnerships, and Colors at Olympia Quironsalud.  

- Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology residency through MIR (rank 80) at the University Clinic of Navarra, Pamplona.  

- Clinical Fellow at the Orthopedic and Traumatology Department, University Clinic of Navarra, Pamplona.  

- Clinical Fellow at Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland.  

- Assistant Traumatologist at the Dexeus University Institute (ICATME), Barcelona.  

- Assistant Traumatologist at the Galicia Institute of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine (IGACOTDE), Hospital Santa Teresa, La Coruña.  

- Specialist in Traumatology at CEMTRO Clinic, Madrid.  

- Head of the Knee Department at FREMAP Hospital, Majadahonda.

 

CLINICAL ROTATIONS ABROAD

 

- University of Miami. Jackson Memorial Hospital. Florida, USA. 5 months  

- Kleinert Institute of Hand Surgery. Louisville, Kentucky, USA. 1 month  

- John Radcliffe Hospital. Oxford, England. 3 weeks  

- Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre. Oxford, England. 3 weeks  

- Mayo Clinic. Rochester, Minnesota, USA. 3 weeks  

- O'Connor Hospital. San Jose, California, USA. 3 weeks  

- Wellington Hospital. London, England. 1 week  

- Princess Grace Hospital. London, England. 1 week  

- Addenbrooke's Hospital. Cambridge, England. 2 weeks  

- BUPA Cambridge Lee Hospital. Cambridge, England. 2 weeks  

- Cleveland Clinic Foundation. Cleveland, Ohio, USA. 2.5 years  

- 2002. WPOA Scholarship (Australia, New Zealand, Singapore). 4 weeks  

- Orthopaedic Institute of Southern California, USA. 4 weeks

 

Qualification

 

- Higher education in medicine and surgery. University of Navarra  

- Doctor of Medicine. University of Navarra  

- Specialist in orthopedic surgery and traumatology. University of Navarra Clinic, clinical fellowship in sports medicine. Cleveland Clinic Foundation  

- Clinical fellowship in foot and ankle surgery. Cleveland Clinic Foundation  

- Diploma in English from the School of Official Languages. A Coruña  

- ECFMG (Educational Commission for Foreign Medical Graduates)

 

Memberships

 

- AEA (Spanish Arthroscopy Association)  

- SEROD (Spanish Society for Knee Problems)  

- SECOT (Spanish Society of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology)  

- ESSKA (European Society of Sports Traumatology, Knee Surgery, and Arthroscopy) – International Society of Arthroscopy, Knee Surgery, and Orthopedic Sports (ISAKOS)  

- WARTHOG Orthopedic Society  

- MAGELLAN Orthopedic Society – SOMACOT (Madrid Society of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology)  

- Fellows Society of the Barry de la Maza Foundation

 

Other Achievements

 

- Former board member of SEROD (Spanish Society for Knee Problems)  

- Former board member of AEA (Spanish Arthroscopy Association)  

- Former editor of the journal *Cuadernos de Arthroscocoy* (AEA)  

- President of the AEA-SEROD Joint Congress 2015, Madrid  

- Member of the Arthroscopy Committee of ESSKA (European Society of Sports Traumatology, Knee Surgery, and Arthroscopy)  

- Member of the ESSKA Research Group on Knee Collateral Ligaments  

- Honorary member of the Argentine Arthroscopy Association  

- Patron of the Maria Pagés Foundation and Choreographic Center

Read more
This page may feature information relating to various medical conditions, treatments, and healthcare services available in different countries. Please be advised that the content is provided for informational purposes only and should not be construed as medical advice or guidance. Please consult with your doctor or a qualified medical professional before starting or changing medical treatment.