Navigating the journey of gender transition involves not just emotional and physical aspects but also financial planning. If you're feeling anxious about affording transgender surgery, this article has you covered. Drawing on Bookimed's research of internal data and global market trends, it goes over what you might have to pay in 2025, how insurance can help, and where to get extra financial support.
Why trust this guide
- Created per Bookimed’s Editorial Policy and Clinic Ranking Policy.
- Aligned with WPATH Standards of Care v8.
- Methodology (costs): blended averages from partner offers, current clinic price lists, and recent patient quotes; ranges reflect procedure complexity and geography. Last reviewed: 2025-09-24.
Quick overview (by procedure type):
- FTM top surgery (mastectomy): $3,000–$10,000.
- MTF top surgery (augmentation): $5,000–$10,000.
- FTM bottom surgery (metoidioplasty/phalloplasty, etc.): $6,400–$50,000+ (multi-stage options are pricier).
- MTF bottom surgery (vaginoplasty/vulvoplasty): $10,000–$30,000 (orchiectomy $2,000–$8,000).
- Facial feminization (FFS): $20,000–$50,000 (procedure bundle dependent).
- Voice surgery: $5,500–$9,000.
- 🗽 / 💂♂️ US & UK: top-end prices; 🛕 Thailand and 🕌 Turkey often 60–80% cheaper vs US for comparable care.
Table of Contents
- How Much is Transgender Surgery Worldwide?
- How Much is Gender Reassignment Surgery by Type?
- What Factors Affect the Cost of Transgender Surgery?
- What is Covered by Transgender Surgery Cost?
- Does Insurance Cover Gender Reassignment Surgery?
- How to Pay for Transgender Surgery?
- Tips for Minimizing Transgender Surgery Costs
- Best Countries for Gender Reassignment Surgery
- Takeaways
How Much is Transgender Surgery Worldwide?
The cost of transgender surgery varies by country due to living costs, health-system structure, and medical-tourism dynamics.
To avoid confusion and keyword cannibalization with specific guides (e.g., MTF costs), the table separates FTM and MTF procedures:
Procedure | United States | United Kingdom | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
FTM top (mastectomy) | $10,000–$20,000 | $6,300–$10,200 | $3,500–$4,500 | $3,800–$7,600 |
MTF top (augmentation) | $5,000–$10,000 | $7,500 | $3,200–$4,000 | $2,500–$5,000 |
FTM bottom (metoidioplasty/phalloplasty, etc.) | $25,000–$75,000 | $18,700–$75,000 | $10,000–$22,000 | $10,000–$20,000 |
MTF bottom (vaginoplasty/vulvoplasty) | $15,000–$30,000 | $18,700–$42,000 | $9,500–$12,000 | $10,000–$13,000 |
Facial feminization (FFS) | $29,000–$50,000 | $10,000–$31,700 | $5,000–$15,000 | $11,800–$15,000 |
Voice feminization | $5,500–$9,000 | $3,700–$6,200 | $3,300–$5,000 | $3,000–$6,000 |
💡 Expert insight
“Deciding whether gender-affirming surgery is worth it is deeply personal. In my practice, satisfaction is very high, and many patients choose Thailand for value without compromising standards.”
— Dr. Pichet Rodchareon, board-certified plastic & gender-affirming surgeon, WPATH member.
24.01.2025
Evidence & guidance: low regret after gender-affirming surgery (systematic reviews), SOC-8 criteria, and post-op care (vaginoplasty dilation) are covered in reputable sources: WPATH SOC-8; UCSF Transgender Care; Systematic review on regret; FFS outcomes review.
Most-picked offers for Sex reassignment surgery
- Technique:
- Dr. Tanongsak Panyayvirulroj is a renowned plastic surgeon specializing in sex reassignment surgery.
- Asia Cosmetic Hospital holds prestigious Joint Commission International (JCI) accreditation for maintaining high patient care standards.
- Included Services: Hotel, General anesthesia, Preoperative tests, Medications, Follow-up examination, Post-op medications, Neck pillow, Language assistance, Consultation with a surgeon, Follow-up visit, Consultation with a cardiologist, 4* Hotel, Transfer airport-hotel-clinic-airport.
- Stay Info: 7 Days stay in the hospital, 14 Days stay in the hotel, included in the price.
- Sex reassignment surgery
- Male to female (MTF) surgery
- Bottom surgery
- Consultation with a cardiologist
- Follow-up visit
- Consultation with a surgeon
- Language assistance
- Neck pillow
- Post-op medications
- Follow-up examination
- Medications
- Preoperative tests
- General anesthesia
- Hotel
- 4* Hotel
- Transfer airport-hotel-clinic-airport
- Technique: Scrotal Skin Graft Vaginoplasty
- Saran Wannachamras has a certificate of knowledge and expertise in medical practice from Thailand.
- Wansiri Hospital provides comprehensive services, including transfer, accommodation, and language assistance for international patients.
- Included Services: Personalized beauty advice, hotel, video or text consultation, general anesthesia, preoperative tests, blood tests, medications, follow-up examination, post-op medications, language assistance, full board, hospitalization, transfer airport-hotel-clinic-airport.
- Stay Info: 5 days in the hospital, 17 days in the hotel, accommodations included in the price.
- Sex reassignment surgery
- Bottom surgery
- Consultations: Personalized beauty advice
- Hotel
- Video or text consultation
- Consultation with a doctor
- General anesthesia
- Preoperative tests
- Blood tests
- Medications
- Follow-up examination
- Post-op medications
- Language assistance
- Consultation with a surgeon
- Consultation with a plastic surgeron
- Full board (breakfast+lunch+dinner+drinks)
- Hospitalization + afterward hotel stay
- Transfer airport-hotel-clinic-airport
- Technique: Peritoneal Pull-Through Vaginoplasty (PPV)
- Saran Wannachamras is certified by the Medical Council of Thailand in medical practice expertise.
- Wansiri Hospital has a dedicated team specializing in advanced sex reassignment surgeries.
- Included Services: Language assistance, personalized beauty advice, multiple consultations, general anesthesia, post-op medications, preoperative tests, chest X-ray, hospitalization, hotel stay, airport transfers.
- Stay Info: 10 days in the hospital, 11 days in the hotel, included in the price.
- Sex reassignment surgery
- Donut pillow for vaginal support
- Consultations: Personalized beauty advice
- Consultation with a doctor
- General anesthesia
- Preoperative tests
- Follow-up examination
- Post-op medications
- Chest X-ray
- Language assistance
- Consultation with a surgeon
- Consultation with a plastic surgeron
- Hospitalization + afterward hotel stay
- Transfer airport-hotel-clinic-airport
- Method: Colon Laparotomy
- Saran Wannachamras achieved a graduate diploma in clinical science from Chulalongkorn University in 1993.
- Wansiri Hospital provides comprehensive sex reassignment surgery services with advanced techniques and personalized care.
- Included Services: Personalized beauty advice, video or text consultation, general anesthesia, preoperative tests, blood tests, follow-up examination, post-op medications, chest X-ray, language assistance, full board, hospitalization, hotel stay, transfer airport-hotel-clinic-airport.
- Stay Info: 7 days in the hospital, 14 days in the hotel, included in the price.
- Sex reassignment surgery
- Donut pillow for vaginal support
- Consultations: Personalized beauty advice
- Video or text consultation
- Consultation with a doctor
- General anesthesia
- Preoperative tests
- Blood tests
- Follow-up examination
- Post-op medications
- Chest X-ray
- Language assistance
- Consultation with a surgeon
- Consultation with a plastic surgeron
- Full board (breakfast+lunch+dinner+drinks)
- Hospitalization + afterward hotel stay
- Transfer airport-hotel-clinic-airport
- Technique: Sigmoid colon laparoscopic
- Saran Wannachamras achieved a certificate of knowledge and expertise in medical practice in 1995.
- Wansiri Hospital serves international patients with personalized care and advanced surgical techniques.
- Included Services: Personalized beauty advice, hotel, consultations, general anesthesia, preoperative tests, blood tests, post-op medications, chest X-ray, language assistance, full board, hospitalization, transfer airport-hotel-clinic-airport.
- Stay Info: 7 days in the hospital, 14 days in the hotel, included in the price.
- Sex reassignment surgery
- Bottom surgery
- Consultations: Personalized beauty advice
- Hotel
- Consultation with a doctor
- General anesthesia
- Preoperative tests
- Blood tests
- Post-op medications
- Chest X-ray
- Language assistance
- Consultation with a surgeon
- Consultation with a plastic surgeron
- Full board (breakfast+lunch+dinner+drinks)
- Hospitalization + afterward hotel stay
- Transfer airport-hotel-clinic-airport
- Technique: Microthin veneer technique
- Tanongsak Panyawirunroj is a pioneer plastic surgeon and founder of Asia Cosmetic Hospital, specializing in sex reassignment surgery.
- Asia Cosmetic Hospital is JCI-accredited and achieves a 0% patient complication rate post-surgery.
- Included Services: 24-hour nurse services, three meals per day by a nutritionist, cosmetic kit, donut pillow for vaginal support, dinner cruise for two people, hotel, language assistance, parking, consultation with a surgeon, chest X-ray, consultation with a doctor, Covid-19 test, 4-star hotel, and transfer between airport, hotel, and clinic.
- Stay Info: 7 days in the hospital room and 7 days in a 4-star hotel, both included in the price.
- Sex reassignment surgery
- Consultation with a surgeon
- Language assistance
- Cosmetic kit
- Chest X-ray
- Consultation with a doctor
- Hotel
- Donut pillow for vaginal support
- Dinner cruise for 2 people
- 3 meals per day by nutritionist
- Covid-19 test
- 24-hr nurse services
- Parking
- 4* Hotel
- Transfer airport-hotel-clinic-airport
- Dr. Akkrasash Vongjirad performed numerous successful mastectomies with zero post-surgery complications.
- Asia Cosmetic Hospital holds JCI accreditation and boasts a 0% rate of patient complications post-surgery.
- Included Services: Follow-up examination, follow-up visit, general anesthesia, medications, preoperative tests, post-op medications, hospitalization, transfer to the hospital.
- Stay Info: 2 days stay in the hospital, 10 days stay in the hotel (included in the price).
- Top surgery
- General anesthesia
- Preoperative tests
- Medications
- Follow-up examination
- Post-op medications
- Follow-up visit
- Hospitalization
- Transfer to the clinic
- Technique: No implant applicable
- Dr. Akkrasash Vongjirad is renowned for his exceptional skills in cosmetic procedures in Bangkok.
- Asia Cosmetic Hospital has a 0% rate of patient complications post-surgery.
- Included Services: Consultation with a doctor, video or text consultation, transfer to the hospital.
- Stay Info: 1-day stay in the hospital, 1-day stay in the hotel, accommodation not included in the price.
- Tracheal Shave
- Adam's apple surgery
- Consultation with a doctor
- Video or text consultation
- Transfer to the clinic
- Tanongsak Panyawirunroj has completed international scholarships in craniofacial and aesthetic surgery, enhancing expertise in facial procedures.
- Asia Cosmetic Hospital holds JCI and ISO accreditation, ensuring internationally recognized safety and quality standards for facial feminization surgery.
- Included Services: Blood tests, chest X-ray, medications, general anesthesia, consultation with a doctor, video or text consultation, transfer to the clinic.
- Stay Info: 2 days hotel stay required, accommodation is not included in the price.
- Facial feminization surgery (FFS)
- Chest X-ray
- Medications
- Blood tests
- General anesthesia
- Consultation with a doctor
- Video or text consultation
- Transfer to the clinic
- Included Services: Video or text consultation, follow-up examination, post-op medications.
- Stay Info: Accommodation is not included, transfer is not included.
- Video or text consultation
- Follow-up examination
- Post-op medications
How Much is Gender Reassignment Surgery by Type?
Gender reassignment surgery spans from single-stage procedures (~$2,000) to complex multi-stage reconstructions (>$100,000). Typical ranges:
Highest-rated clinics for Sex reassignment surgery
Wansiri Hospital
- Achieved a 99.0% success rate for male-to-female surgery, showcasing expertise and reliability.
- Offers comprehensive aesthetic and reconstructive services, ensuring convenient one-stop care for patients.
- Uses global-standard medical technology and digitized operations for efficient patient care.
- Led by Dr. Saran Wannachamras, a specialist with extensive experience in sex reassignment surgery.
- Accredited by the Royal College of Surgeons Thailand, ensuring high surgical standards.
Asia Cosmetic Hospital
- Ensures top-notch safety for sex reassignment procedures.
- ISO and JCI accreditations confirm high international standards and quality for sex reassignment surgery.
- Comprehensive care with procedures supervised by anesthesiologists and cardiologists for optimal outcomes.
- Hospital Accreditation (HA) highlights commitment to excellence in sex reassignment surgery.
- Provides personalized care tailored to individual needs for successful sex reassignment surgery.
ID Clinic Bangkok
- Achieved recognition from the Royal College of Surgeons Thailand for its surgical expertise.
- Offers personalized care with treatment plans tailored to individual patient needs and goals.
- Provides a supportive atmosphere, ensuring patients are well-informed throughout their treatment.
- State-of-the-art facilities ensure a safe environment and quality care for patients.
- Attracts international patients, demonstrating its global reputation for patient satisfaction.
| treatment | |
|---|---|
| Sex reassignment surgery | $9,500 - $10,500 |
SAERO Plastic Surgery
- Pioneering sex reassignment surgery with over 22 years of experience in plastic surgery.
- Specializes exclusively in plastic surgery, ensuring dedicated expertise for sex reassignment procedures.
- Located in Seoul, attracting international patients from Europe, Asia, and North America.
- Offers online consultations with language support to assist international patients.
- Known for personalized care and attention, making surgery and recovery more comfortable.
Memorial Şişli Hospital
- Recognized for high-quality treatment, this hospital is the first in Turkey to receive ISO 15189 certification for its laboratory services.
- Internationally chosen by patients from 92 countries, showcasing its global reputation and trust in its medical services.
- Equipped with state-of-the-art diagnostic tools, the hospital ensures precise examinations, crucial for the success of complex procedures like Sex reassignment surgery.
- Comprehensive care for international patients includes assistance at every step, ensuring a supportive environment for those undergoing Sex reassignment surgery.
- With a history of medical excellence since 2000, the hospital is part of a network serving 1.6 million patients annually, indicating vast experience in patient care.
Dr. MED
Dr. MED Clinic is a private multi-specialty medical center in Istanbul, Turkey. The team is dedicated to plastic surgery, sex reassignment surgery, aesthetic medicine, cosmetology, and weight loss surgery. The clinic's success rate for plastic surgery, including sex change operations, is 98%. Dr. MED specialists apply the latest technologies in plastic and reconstructive surgery, offering such gender-affirming options as top surgery, bottom surgery, and facial reconstructive surgery. Dr. MED Clinic serves only adults. Every year, more than 4,500 patients choose Dr. MED Clinic for medical care. Patients from Europe, the Commonwealth, the USA, Canada, Australia, and CIS visit the clinic most often.
Men's Health Clinics
AquaHealth Clinic is a private multi-specialty medical center located in Istanbul, Turkey. The clinic's team is dedicated to urology, sexology, and gender affirmation surgery. The clinic has over 30 years of experience and specializes in transgender surgeries such as penile inversion vaginoplasty. AquaHealth Clinic serves only adults. Every year, 50 patients choose AquaHealth for medical care. Patients from Europe and the Commonwealth visit the clinic most often.
VG Plastic Surgery
- Achieved high success rates in sex reassignment surgery with numerous satisfied patients.
- Offers comprehensive pre- and post-operative care tailored to individual patient needs.
- Utilizes well-established surgical techniques for both male-to-female and female-to-male transitions.
- Provides personalized consultation services to ensure patient understanding and comfort.
- Serves international patients, ensuring a supportive and inclusive environment for everyone.
Quartz Hospital
- Accredited by the International Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery (ISAPS), ensuring high standards.
- Specializes in aesthetic surgery with a focus on personalized sex reassignment procedures.
- Offers comprehensive pre-surgery consultations to tailor each procedure to the patient's needs.
- Provides post-surgery support with 24/7 nurse supervision for optimal recovery.
- Serves international patients, ensuring multilingual support and seamless communication.
Liv Hospital Vadistanbul
Liv Hospital Vadistanbul is a new multi-specialty hospital in Istanbul continuing the Liv Hospital's journey in founding new facilities. Vadİstanbul specializes in robotic and traditional kidney transplantation, adult and pediatric cancer surgeries, adult and pediatric cardiac surgeries. The hospital has a heart health center, advanced endoscopy center, spine center and athlete health clinic, rehabilitation clinic, and stem cells.
Type of Surgery | Average Cost |
|---|---|
FTM top surgery (mastectomy) | $3,000–$10,000 |
MTF top surgery (augmentation) | $5,000–$10,000 |
FTM bottom surgery (genital reconstruction) | $6,400–$50,000+ |
MTF bottom surgery | $10,000–$30,000 |
$20,000–$50,000 | |
$1,000–$20,000 | |
Voice surgery | $5,500–$9,000 |
Below, we outline key details that influence costs within each category.
Female-to-male (FTM) top surgery cost
FTM top surgery removes breast tissue to create a masculine chest. Average cost: $3,000–$10,000.
- Double incision + nipple grafts — more expensive, suited to larger chest sizes.
- Periareolar / Keyhole — less invasive (often up to ~$2,000 cheaper), for smaller chest sizes.
- Buttonhole — intermediate option prioritizing nipple appearance/sensation.
Male-to-female (MTF) top surgery cost
MTF top surgery (breast augmentation) typically costs $5,000–$10,000 depending on implant type and technique. See the full MTF breakdown here: MTF surgery cost guide.
Learn more about top surgery costs here.
Female-to-male (FTM) bottom surgery cost
FTM bottom surgery average costs range $6,400–$50,000+ depending on staged reconstruction.
- Hysterectomy: $9,500–$22,500.
- Oophorectomy: $11,500–$18,500.
- Vaginectomy: $6,500–$7,500.
- Metoidioplasty: $6,000–$30,000.
- Phalloplasty: $20,000–$50,000 (multi-stage, grafts).
💡 Expert insight
“FTM reconstructions trend higher in cost due to staged phalloplasty complexity. Metoidioplasty is less invasive and about half the price in many cases, but the choice should align with goals, not price alone.”
— Dr. Pichet Rodchareon, WPATH member.
24.01.2025
Top specialists in Sex reassignment surgery
- 4.9 • 19 reviews
- 28 years of experience
- Turkey, Istanbul, Men's Health Clinics
Dr. Baris Nuhoglu, born in 1965, is a distinguished professional in the field of Urooncology, Endourology, and Pediatric Urology. With an impressive career that includes significant roles in medical institutions, professional memberships, and over 100 publications, Dr. Nuhoglu has shown his dedication to his field. He provides a wide range of operations including High intensity focused ultrasound ablation (HIFU), Nephrectomy, and Robotic da Vinci prostatectomy.
Education
- Received his professor title in 2011.
- Became an Associate Professor in 2006.
- Completed his specialization in Urology in 1997.
- Earned his medical degree from the Faculty of Medicine of Uludag University in 1988.
Membership
- European Association of Urology
- Turkish Urology Association
- Northern Marmara Urology Association
- Endourology Society
- 5 • 6 reviews
- 21 years of experience
- Thailand, Bangkok, Wansiri Hospital
Dr. Jiraroch Meevassana
Education Background
2017
- ASAN MEDICAL RHINOPLASTY FORUM Department of Plastic Surgery , ASAN University
2016
- Reconstruction of Perineum and Lower Extremities Department of Plastic Surgery ,Chulalongkorn University
2015
- Periorbital Rejuvenation and Facial Reanimation Department of Plastic Surgery , Chulalongkorn University
2012
- Lower Extremity Flaps Reconstruction Department of Plastic Surgery , Chulalongkorn University
2010
- Microvascular Surgery Course Surgery department, Rajavithi Hospital , Thailand
2009
- ATLS [Advance Trauma Life Support certification The American College of Surgeon
2007
- Advance Cardiac Life Support The Heart Association of Thailand
2006
- Basic Research Methodology The Royal College of Surgeons of Thailand
- Best Practice In Critical Care Phramongkutklao Hospital , Thailand
- 5 • 6 reviews
- 30 years of experience
- accreditation:
- Thailand, Bangkok, Wansiri Hospital
Dr. Saran Wannachamras
Rhinoplasty, Breast Surgery, Sex Reassignment
Educational Background:
1995 Certificate of Knowledge and Expertise in Medical Practice, Institute of Orthopedic Surgery,The Medical Council of Thailand
1993 Graduate Diploma in Clinical Science in Clinical Surgery, Chulalongkorn University
1980 Physician Training Program in Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery at East Virginia School (EVIMS), USA
Work Experience:
Attend and become an Operation Smile Cleft Lip and Palate member at Norfolk, Virginia, USA Virginia, United States
29th Executive for intermediate, BMA Training and Development Institute
World Congress of Cosmetic Surgery, Aesthetic and Anti-Aging Medicine,
International Academy of Cosmetic Surgery, Japan World Congress of Cosmetic Surgery, Aesthetic and Anti-Aging Medicine, International Academy of Cosmetic Surgery in Japan
Professional Registration:
Member of the Society of Plastic Aesthetic Surgeons of Thailand
Member of the Royal College of Surgeons of Thailand (cosmetic surgery and general surgery)
Members of The International College of Surgeons (Plastic Surgery)
Members of Oriental Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery (OSAPS)
- 4.2 • 9 reviews
- 27 years of experience
- accreditation:
- Thailand, Bangkok, Asia Cosmetic Hospital
Dr. Tanongsak Panyayvirulroj: A Renowned Plastic Surgeon in Bangkok, Thailand
Dr. Tanongsak Panyayvirulroj is a highly esteemed plastic surgeon based in Bangkok, Thailand by Asia Cosmetic Hospital, with extensive expertise in various cosmetic procedures. His commitment to excellence and patient satisfaction has made him a sought-after professional in the field of aesthetic surgery.
Unveiling Dr. Tanongsak's Specializations
With a focus on enhancing natural beauty, Dr. Tanongsak specializes in a range of transformative procedures, including Rhinoplasty, Blepharoplasty, Breast Augmentation, and Sexual Reassignment Surgery. His meticulous approach and attention to detail ensure that each patient receives personalized care to achieve their desired results.
A Journey of Expertise: Dr. Tanongsak's Diverse Work Experience
Dr. Tanongsak's journey in the medical field began as a General Physician, gradually evolving into the Deputy Director of Koh Yao Noi Hospital. His residency at Siriraj Hospital marked a pivotal moment, leading to specialization in Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. Over the years, he has held key positions in prestigious hospitals, contributing significantly to the field.
Global Exposure: Dr. Tanongsak's International Scholarships and Visits
Driven by a quest for knowledge, Dr. Tanongsak pursued international scholarships and visits to institutions in Taiwan, North America, Canada, and South Korea. These experiences enriched his skills in Craniofacial Surgery, Aesthetic Surgery, and Rhinoplasty Surgery, further solidifying his reputation as a global expert.
Dr. Tanongsak's Academic Achievements
Dr. Tanongsak's educational journey is marked by excellence. He earned his Doctor of Medicine degree from Siriraj Hospital Medical College, followed by diplomas and certifications in General Surgery, Micro-vascular Surgery, Plastic Surgery, AO Maxillo-facial Surgery, Craniofacial Surgery, and Aesthetic Surgery. His commitment to ongoing education reflects his dedication to staying at the forefront of his field.
Entrepreneurial Ventures: Dr. Tanongsak's Leadership in Healthcare
Beyond his surgical prowess, Dr. Tanongsak is a visionary entrepreneur. He founded and manages both the Asian Medical Device Company and ASIA Clinic, showcasing his leadership in shaping the healthcare landscape.
Dr. Tanongsak Panyayvirulroj: A Beacon of Excellence in Plastic Surgery
As a pioneer Plastic Surgeon at Kamol Private Hospital and the Founder and Managing Director of ASIA Clinic, Dr. Tanongsak Panyayvirulroj stands as a beacon of excellence in the realm of plastic surgery. His commitment to innovation, education, and patient-centric care solidifies his status as a distinguished figure in the field, transforming lives through his surgical artistry.
Education and Qualifications
- 1998: Earned his Doctor of Medicine degree from the Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University.
- 2005: Received a diploma in General Surgery from the Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University.
- 2007: Earned a diploma in Plastic Surgery from the Department of Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University.
- 2007: Received a certificate in Craniofacial and Cosmetic Surgery from Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
- 2008: Received a certificate in Cosmetic Surgery from the Landing Surgery Center, Nova Scotia, USA.
- 2008: Earned a certificate in Pediatric Plastic Surgery from IWK Children’s Hospital, Halifax, Canada.
- 2012: Obtained a certificate in Rhinoplasty and Facial Surgery from JW Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.
- 2012: Recognized as an official representative of the Korean Society of Plastic Surgeons by the Korean Association of Plastic Surgeons, Seoul, South Korea.
Professional Experience
- 1998–2001: General practitioner based in Phang Nga province.
- 2001–2002: Acting Director of Koh Yao Noi Community Hospital.
- 2002–2005: Resident in General Surgery at the Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital.
- 2005–2007: Resident in Plastic Surgery at the Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital.
- March–April 2007: Trained in Craniofacial and Cosmetic Surgery at Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
- 2010–2012: Plastic surgeon at Kamol Cosmetic Hospital.
- 2012–Present: Plastic surgeon at Asia Cosmetic Hospital.
Dr. Tanongsak's extensive education and practical experience make him a leading expert in his field, dedicated to delivering high-quality surgical outcomes.
- 5 • 4 reviews
- 12 years of experience
- Turkey, Istanbul, Uroaesthetic
Buğra Çetin MD, PhD
Urological Surgeon
Altinbas University Bahçelievler Medicalpark Hospital
Dr. Buğra Çetin is a pioneer in the field of urology, particularly renowned for his groundbreaking work in cellular therapies. With a deep commitment to advancing medical science, Dr. Çetin has been at the forefront of developing and applying cutting-edge treatments that harness the body's own cellular potential to restore and enhance urological health. His innovative approaches have opened new avenues for patients suffering from conditions previously deemed untreatable, offering them renewed hope and improved quality of life. By integrating the latest advancements in cellular medicine into his practice, Dr. Çetin provides his patients with access to the most promising and effective treatments available today. His dedication to exploring and implementing these therapies reflects his unwavering commitment to delivering the highest standard of care and transforming lives.
Clinical Skills:
Dr. Buğra Çetin possesses extensive expertise in Aesthetic Penoscrotal Surgery, having performed hundreds of successful procedures with a consistently high rate of patient satisfaction. His clinical skills encompass a wide array of advanced surgical techniques, including circumcision, penile curvature correction, penile and testicular implant placement, penile lengthening and enlargement, pubic lipectomy, and liposuction. Additionally, he is proficient in penoscrotal web correction, hypospadias surgery, and hydrocelectomy, ensuring that each procedure adheres to the highest standards of safety and efficacy.
In the realm of Urooncologic Surgery, Dr. Çetin has achieved excellent outcomes in complex procedures such as radical retropubic prostatectomy, radical cystoprostatectomy, radical nephrectomy, and radical orchiectomy. His expertise extends to pelvic lymph node dissection, ileal conduit urinary diversion, and transurethral bladder cancer resection, where he applies meticulous surgical precision to optimize patient recovery and outcomes.
Dr. Çetin is also highly skilled in Endourologic Surgery, performing a wide range of procedures using advanced laparoscopic and endoscopic techniques. His proficiency in laparoscopic nephrectomy, adrenalectomy, pyeloplasty, and ureterolithotomy allows for minimally invasive surgeries that promote faster recovery and reduced patient discomfort. Additionally, his experience includes percutaneous nephrolithotomy, flexible ureteroscopy, and transurethral prostatectomy, all executed with a commitment to excellence.
In Reconstructive Urologic Surgery, Dr. Çetin handles complex urethral strictures, urogenital fistula operations, and urinary incontinence surgeries for both male and female patients, ensuring a comprehensive and compassionate approach to urological health.
Professional Experiences:
Dr. Buğra Çetin's illustrious career as a Urological Surgeon is marked by his dedication to excellence and patient care across multiple esteemed institutions. Beginning his journey at Dr. Yusuf Azizoğlu State Hospital in Diyarbakır from 2019 to 2020. His pursuit of advanced medical practices led him to Gaziosmanpaşa Training and Research Hospital in Istanbul, where from 2020 to 2023, he contributed to groundbreaking research and performed complex surgeries with precision and care. Currently, Dr. Çetin continues to make significant strides at Bahçelievler Medicalpark Hospital in Istanbul, where he remains committed to providing cutting-edge treatments and compassionate care to his patients. His journey through these prestigious institutions reflects his relentless dedication to advancing the field of urology and improving patient outcomes.
Educations:
Dr. Buğra Çetin's educational journey is a testament to his unwavering commitment to excellence and his relentless pursuit of knowledge. He embarked on his medical career with a strong foundation, earning his MD from Firat University in 2007. His passion for urology led him to pursue specialized training at Taksim Training and Research Hospital, where he completed his Urology Residency Program in 2019, distinguishing himself through his dedication and eagerness to learn. Not content with just clinical practice, Dr. Çetin ventured into the realm of advanced research, and in 2024, he successfully completed his PhD in Molecular Medicine at Health Science University, earning the esteemed title of PhD. This rigorous academic path reflects his deep-seated enthusiasm and determination to be at the forefront of medical innovation, always striving to provide the best possible care for his patients.
Certifications:
- Board Certified Urologist
-IICPI Certification ‘’Advenced Level Sexuallity, Sexual Therapy, and Sexual Treatments Training Participation Certificate’’
Memberships;
-ISSM (International Sociaty for Sexual Medicine)
-ESSM (European Sociaty for Sexual Medicine)
-Europena Urology Association of Urology
-Turkish Association of Urology
- 5 • 3 reviews
- 30 years of experience
- Turkey, Istanbul, CE International Hospital
Op. Dr. Atilla H.
Plastic Surgeon
Education
Specialty Training
2010 - 2016
Ankara Numune Training and Research Hospital, Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic SurgeryUndergraduate Education
1989 - 1995
Uludağ University Faculty of MedicineExperience
2020 -
ClinicExpert - Plastic Surgery SpecialistBiography
Born in Cyprus, Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgeon, Op. Dr. Atilla H. worked at Medical Park Bahçelievler Hospital for 3 years. He graduated from Uludağ University Faculty of Medicine in 1995 and completed his specialization at Ankara Numune Training and Research Hospital in 2001. He worked at Ankara Bayındır Hospital for 2 years and at İskenderun State Hospital for 14 years.
Certificates
2021 - Thread Lift - Face Lift Certificates (Belgium)
- 4.9 • 191 reviews
- 32 years of experience
- Turkey, Istanbul, Dr. MED
EDUCATION Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Urology Specialization Training, 1 9 9 2-1 9 9 7, Ankara/Türkiye Uludağ University Faculty of Medicine, Medical Doctor Education, 1 9 8 2-1 9 8 8, Bursa/Türkiye
EXPERIENCE Taksim Training and Research Hospital, 2 0 0 9-2 0 1 6, Istanbul/Türkiye Bağcılar Training and Research Hospital, 2 0 0 7-2 0 0 9, Istanbul/Türkiye Ankara Training and Research Hospital, 2 0 0 0-2 0 0 7, Ankara/Türkiye Bergama State Hospital, 1 9 9 7-2 0 0 0, Izmir/Türkiye Ankara Training and Research Hospital, 1 9 9 2-1 9 9 7, Ankara/Türkiye
- Turkish Urology Association
- European Association of Urology
- Turkish Urology Association Northern Marmara
- American Urological Association
- 4.5 • 6 reviews
- 23 years of experience
- Turkey, Antalya , Medical Park Antalya Hospital Complex
SPECIALTY IN MEDICINE
- Microsurgery
- Cleft lip
- Burn emergency
- Maxillofacial surgery
- Aesthetic surgery
- Tumor surgery
- Nerve injuries
- Reconstructive surgery
EDUCATIONAL BACKGORUND
INONU UNIVERSITY SUBSPECIALTY IN MEDICINE
2010-2014
FACULTY OF MEDICINE
INONU UNIVERSITY SPECIALTY IN MEDICINE
2002-2007
FACULTY OF MEDICINE/DIVISION OF SURGICAL MEDICINE SCIENCES/DEPARTMENT OF PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY
INONU UNIVERSITY SPECIALTY IN MEDICINE
2002-2007
FACULTY OF MEDICINE/DIVISION OF SURGICAL MEDICINE SCIENCES/DEPARTMENT OF PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY
Thesis name: Analysis of the long-term results of four different techniques with a new method in patients who underwent a reduction mammoplasty (2007) Thesis Supervisor: (ALI GÜRLEK)
POSITIONS
- PROFESSOR
2019 İNÖNÜ ÜNİVERSITY/FACULTY OF MEDICINE
- ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
2013 İNÖNÜ ÜNİVERSITY/FACULTY OF MEDICINE
- EDUCATION COORDINATOR
2011 İNÖNÜ ÜNİVERSITY/FACULTY OF MEDICINE
- ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
2008
INONU UNIVERSITY/FACULTY OF MEDICINE, DIVISION OF SURGICAL MEDICINE SCIENCES, DEPARTMENT OF PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY
MANAGED THESES
2014
ΑΥΤΕΚΙΝ ΑΗΜET HAMDI, (2014). Comparison of the effects of PRP and hyaluronic acid injections into allogeneic vascular graft on nerve regeneration in the treatment of peripheral nerve defects, Inonü University->Faculty of Medicine->Department of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery
2012
GEYİK YILMAZ, (2012). Comparison of reconstruction methods, where vessel, and cartilage grafts are used, in peripheral nerve injuries and analysis of a new technique, İnönü University->Faculty of Medicine->Department of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery
PROJECT TASKS
*Effects of Chrysin on burn wound healing, 1st scientific research project, which is supported by Higher Education Institutions, Researcher: FIRAT CEMAL, Researcher: OĞUZTÜRK HAKAN, Coordinator: TURTAY MUHAMMETGÖKHAN, Researcher: ÇİFTÇİ OSMAN, 01:092013-Glucan treatment prevents progressive burn ischaemia in the zone of stasis and improves burn healing. An experimental study in rats Firat C Samdanci E Erbatur S Aytekin AH AK M Turtay MG
Coban YK Burns 2012 Mar 31 Inönü University Scientific Research Project Responsible coordinator, BAP, Supervisor, 2010-2014 (ΝΑΤΙΟNAL) Cerium nitrate treatment prevents progressive tissue necrosis in the zone of stasis following burn
Eski M Ozer F Firat C Alhan D Arsian N Senturk T İşik S Burns 2012 Mar 38 2 2839 Epub 2011 Oct 19 Ankara Gulhane Military Medical Academy Scientific Research Project Researcher, BAP, Researcher, 2010-2011 (NATIONAL)
- 15 years of experience
- Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Odontoliuzzi Dentistry and Health
Dr Pedro Bertelli has solid training in plastic surgery, a specialist member of the Brazilian Society of Plastic Surgery, during his training he acquired extensive experience in aesthetic and reconstructive surgeries, especially breast changes. Always updating herself in the area of non-invasive facial aesthetics in her spare time through courses and specific training in the application of botulinum toxin, dermal fillers, chemical peels and new technologies such as Laser, ultrasound and non-ablative light.
- 20 years of experience
- Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Odontoliuzzi Dentistry and Health
MEMBER OF THE BRAZILIAN SOCIETY OF LASER IN MEDICINE AND SURGERY Dr Lívia Camargo specializes in aesthetic dermatology and offers a variety of beauty treatments and skin and hair care. Combining high technology and modern techniques, our clinic is located in Praia do Flamengo, south of Rio de Janeiro, providing a beautiful view of the city. Our goal is to promote health, beauty and well-being, all in an elegant and welcoming environment.
Male-to-female (MTF) bottom surgery cost
MTF bottom surgery averages around $25,000 for vaginoplasty (zero-depth vulvoplasty is typically cheaper).
- Orchiectomy: $2,000–$8,000.
- Vaginoplasty / Vulvoplasty: $10,000–$30,000.
Aftercare matters: Vaginoplasty requires structured dilation and specific wound-care protocols. See UCSF guidance for details.
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Facial reconstruction cost
- Facial feminization surgery (FFS): $20,000–$50,000 (bundle dependent).
- Facial masculinization surgery (FMS): $1,000–$20,000.
💡 Expert insight
“FFS costs vary because combinations differ. Bundling 3–4 key procedures can be cost-efficient, but prioritizing the highest-impact changes first is often wiser.”
— Dr. Pichet Rodchareon, WPATH member.
24.01.2025
💰 More details on FFS costs: read the full guide.
Voice surgery cost
Voice feminization/masculinization alters pitch and resonance to better align with gender identity. Typical range: $5,500–$9,000. Outcomes improve when combined with pre/post-op voice therapy.
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🤔 Want to learn more about what to expect from gender-affirming surgeries? Read our Sex Reassignment Surgery Guide.
What Factors Affect the Cost of Transgender Surgery?
- Procedure type & complexity: multi-stage reconstructions (e.g., phalloplasty) cost more than single-stage procedures.
- Number of surgeries: combining stages or revisions increases OR time and resources.
- Surgeon expertise: high-volume, specialized surgeons charge premium fees.
- Geography: country/city and currency effects materially change totals.
- Facility & anesthesia: private centers, longer OR time, and advanced tech add costs.
- Package inclusions: all-inclusive deals can reduce total spend 20–30% vs itemized billing.
What is Covered by Transgender Surgery Cost?
Typical inclusions:
- surgeon & anesthesia fees;
- OR time, hospital stay, basic supplies;
- pre-op consults and labs;
- initial medications & dressings.
Some plans add specialized items (e.g., dilators after vaginoplasty, compression garments). Staged FTM reconstructions may require additional procedures (e.g., urethral lengthening, erectile device).
All-inclusive packages
Turkey and Thailand often bundle airport–hotel–hospital transfers, accommodation, translation, and post-op support to simplify logistics and budgeting.
💡 Expert insight
“Thailand can be up to 70% less than the US; all-inclusive packages often save another 20–30% by bundling transfers, lodging, garments, and follow-ups.”
— Dr. Pichet Rodchareon
24.01.2025
Request a Custom Treatment Plan
Does Insurance Cover Gender Reassignment Surgery?
Coverage varies by country, state, and plan. Insurers commonly apply clinical criteria aligned with WPATH SOC-8 for medically necessary care (letters of readiness, HRT duration, age of consent). Procedures perceived as cosmetic (e.g., FFS, voice) are less often covered, though policies are evolving.
Determining your plan’s coverage and requirements
📋 Common requirements include:
- One or two letters from qualified mental-health professionals;
- Evidence of hormone therapy (duration varies by procedure);
- Legal age and informed consent.
Secure prior authorization and submit medical-necessity documentation to avoid denials.
Additional costs
- Home assistance during recovery;
- Travel & accommodation if you go out of town/country;
- Mental-health letters/therapy (often required for approval);
- Time off work (e.g., 6–8 weeks after bottom surgery);
- Recovery aids (garments, shower stool, etc.).
How to Pay for Transgender Surgery?
- Payment plans (including interest-free installments at select providers).
- Personal loans and medical credit cards (watch retroactive interest).
- HSAs/FSAs for pre-tax savings.
- Home-equity options (with collateral risk).
Grants for transgender surgery
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Tips for Minimizing Transgender Surgery Costs
- Review your policy line-by-line; appeal denials with SOC-8-aligned letters.
- Leverage HSA/FSA and compare all-inclusive packages vs itemized billing.
- Use crowdfunding and community support networks when appropriate.
- Mind interest rates and repayment terms to avoid long-run overpay.
Best Countries for Gender Reassignment Surgery: How Much Is a Sex Change in Thailand and Turkey?
🛕 Thailand: The global leader in gender-affirming care
- High volumes & innovation (decades of SRS experience; techniques incl. peritoneal vaginoplasty).
- Affordability: often up to 60–80% cheaper vs US.
- Patient experience: hospitality and comprehensive packages.
Costs: top surgery from ~$3,200–$4,500; bottom surgery ~$9,500–$20,000 depending on method.
📸 See results from Thai surgeons (before/after):
- Technique:
- Dr. Tanongsak Panyayvirulroj is a renowned plastic surgeon specializing in sex reassignment surgery.
- Asia Cosmetic Hospital holds prestigious Joint Commission International (JCI) accreditation for maintaining high patient care standards.
- Included Services: Hotel, General anesthesia, Preoperative tests, Medications, Follow-up examination, Post-op medications, Neck pillow, Language assistance, Consultation with a surgeon, Follow-up visit, Consultation with a cardiologist, 4* Hotel, Transfer airport-hotel-clinic-airport.
- Stay Info: 7 Days stay in the hospital, 14 Days stay in the hotel, included in the price.
🕌 Turkey: Top medical-tourism destination
- Accredited facilities and internationally trained surgeons.
- Value: frequent 50–70% savings vs US/Europe; strong package offers.
Costs: voice/top surgery from ~$3,000–$5,000; MTF bottom packages ~$10,000–$13,000.
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📸 Turkey before/after portfolios:
Takeaways
- Costs span widely: single procedures from a few thousand dollars; comprehensive transitions can exceed $100,000 across stages.
- MTF vs FTM: separating categories avoids confusion—e.g., MTF top (augmentation) $5,000–$10,000 vs FTM top (mastectomy) $3,000–$10,000.
- By country: US/UK are premium markets; Thailand/Turkey offer ~60–80% savings with strong outcomes and packages.
- Insurance: coverage varies; SOC-8-aligned documentation is key; prior authorization required.
- Budget add-ons: travel, time off work, recovery aids, mental-health letters, and possible revisions.
Related Articles
- Sex Reassignment Surgery Guide: Everything You Need to Know
- How Much Does Male-to-Female (MTF) Surgery Cost?
- How Much Does Female-to-Male (FTM) Surgery Cost?
- How Much Does Top Surgery Cost?
- How Much Does Facial Feminization Surgery Cost?
- How Much Does Voice Feminization Surgery Cost?
- How Much Does Facial Masculinization Surgery Cost?
- Where to Get Gender Reassignment Surgery: Best Countries, Hospitals & Surgeons
Medical disclaimer: Content is informational and not a substitute for professional medical advice. Always consult qualified providers. Costs/outcomes vary by individual and clinic. See our Editorial Policy.
- Johns Hopkins Medicine. Gender Affirmation Surgeries. https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/wellness-and-prevention/gender-affirmation-surgeries
- Healthline. (2022). Everything You Need to Know About Gender Affirming Care. https://www.healthline.com/health/what-is-gender-affirming-care
- The Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics. (2022). Utilization and Costs of Gender-Affirming Care in a Commercially Insured Transgender Population. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9679590/
- Medical News Today. (2022). Which insurance companies cover gender affirmation surgery and how to apply. https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/insurance-companies-that-cover-gender-reassignment-surgery
- Investopedia. (2023). Does Insurance Cover Gender-Affirming Care? https://www.investopedia.com/paying-for-transgender-surgeries-5184794
- Bloomberg. (2015). How Thailand Became a Global Gender-Change Destination. https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2015-10-26/how-thailand-became-a-global-gender-change-destination