Navigating the journey of gender transition involves not just emotional and physical aspects but also financial planning. If you're feeling anxious about affording transgender surgery, this article has you covered. Drawing on Bookimed's research of internal data and global market trends, it goes over what you might have to pay in 2025, how insurance can help, and where to get extra financial support.
Why trust this guide
- Created per Bookimed’s Editorial Policy and Clinic Ranking Policy.
- Aligned with WPATH Standards of Care v8.
- Methodology (costs): blended averages from partner offers, current clinic price lists, and recent patient quotes; ranges reflect procedure complexity and geography. Last reviewed: 2025-09-24.
Quick overview (by procedure type):
- FTM top surgery (mastectomy): $3,000–$10,000.
- MTF top surgery (augmentation): $5,000–$10,000.
- FTM bottom surgery (metoidioplasty/phalloplasty, etc.): $6,400–$50,000+ (multi-stage options are pricier).
- MTF bottom surgery (vaginoplasty/vulvoplasty): $10,000–$30,000 (orchiectomy $2,000–$8,000).
- Facial feminization (FFS): $20,000–$50,000 (procedure bundle dependent).
- Voice surgery: $5,500–$9,000.
- 🗽 / 💂♂️ US & UK: top-end prices; 🛕 Thailand and 🕌 Turkey often 60–80% cheaper vs US for comparable care.
Table of Contents
- How Much is Transgender Surgery Worldwide?
- How Much is Gender Reassignment Surgery by Type?
- What Factors Affect the Cost of Transgender Surgery?
- What is Covered by Transgender Surgery Cost?
- Does Insurance Cover Gender Reassignment Surgery?
- How to Pay for Transgender Surgery?
- Tips for Minimizing Transgender Surgery Costs
- Best Countries for Gender Reassignment Surgery
- Takeaways
How Much is Transgender Surgery Worldwide?
The cost of transgender surgery varies by country due to living costs, health-system structure, and medical-tourism dynamics.
To avoid confusion and keyword cannibalization with specific guides (e.g., MTF costs), the table separates FTM and MTF procedures:
Procedure | United States | United Kingdom | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
FTM top (mastectomy) | $10,000–$20,000 | $6,300–$10,200 | $3,500–$4,500 | $3,800–$7,600 |
MTF top (augmentation) | $5,000–$10,000 | $7,500 | $3,200–$4,000 | $2,500–$5,000 |
FTM bottom (metoidioplasty/phalloplasty, etc.) | $25,000–$75,000 | $18,700–$75,000 | $10,000–$22,000 | $10,000–$20,000 |
MTF bottom (vaginoplasty/vulvoplasty) | $15,000–$30,000 | $18,700–$42,000 | $9,500–$12,000 | $10,000–$13,000 |
Facial feminization (FFS) | $29,000–$50,000 | $10,000–$31,700 | $5,000–$15,000 | $11,800–$15,000 |
Voice feminization | $5,500–$9,000 | $3,700–$6,200 | $3,300–$5,000 | $3,000–$6,000 |
💡 Expert insight
“Deciding whether gender-affirming surgery is worth it is deeply personal. In my practice, satisfaction is very high, and many patients choose Thailand for value without compromising standards.”
— Dr. Pichet Rodchareon, board-certified plastic & gender-affirming surgeon, WPATH member.
24.01.2025
Evidence & guidance: low regret after gender-affirming surgery (systematic reviews), SOC-8 criteria, and post-op care (vaginoplasty dilation) are covered in reputable sources: WPATH SOC-8; UCSF Transgender Care; Systematic review on regret; FFS outcomes review.
Most-picked offers for Sex reassignment surgery
- Technique:
- Dr. Tanongsak Panyayvirulroj is a renowned plastic surgeon specializing in sex reassignment surgery.
- Asia Cosmetic Hospital holds prestigious Joint Commission International (JCI) accreditation for maintaining high patient care standards.
- Included Services: Hotel, General anesthesia, Preoperative tests, Medications, Follow-up examination, Post-op medications, Neck pillow, Language assistance, Consultation with a surgeon, Follow-up visit, Consultation with a cardiologist, 4* Hotel, Transfer airport-hotel-clinic-airport.
- Stay Info: 7 Days stay in the hospital, 14 Days stay in the hotel, included in the price.
- Sex reassignment surgery
- Male to female (MTF) surgery
- Bottom surgery
- Hotel
- General anesthesia
- Preoperative tests
- Medications
- Follow-up examination
- Post-op medications
- Neck pillow
- Language assistance
- Consultation with a surgeon
- Follow-up visit
- Consultation with a cardiologist
- 4* Hotel
- Transfer airport-hotel-clinic-airport
- Technique: Scrotal Skin Graft Vaginoplasty
- Saran Wannachamras has a certificate of knowledge and expertise in medical practice from Thailand.
- Wansiri Hospital provides comprehensive services, including transfer, accommodation, and language assistance for international patients.
- Included Services: Personalized beauty advice, hotel, video or text consultation, general anesthesia, preoperative tests, blood tests, medications, follow-up examination, post-op medications, language assistance, full board, hospitalization, transfer airport-hotel-clinic-airport.
- Stay Info: 5 days in the hospital, 17 days in the hotel, accommodations included in the price.
- Sex reassignment surgery
- Bottom surgery
- Consultations: Personalized beauty advice
- Hotel
- Video or text consultation
- Consultation with a doctor
- General anesthesia
- Preoperative tests
- Blood tests
- Medications
- Follow-up examination
- Post-op medications
- Language assistance
- Consultation with a surgeon
- Consultation with a plastic surgeron
- Full board (breakfast+lunch+dinner+drinks)
- Hospitalization + afterward hotel stay
- Transfer airport-hotel-clinic-airport
- Technique: Peritoneal Pull-Through Vaginoplasty (PPV)
- Saran Wannachamras is certified by the Medical Council of Thailand in medical practice expertise.
- Wansiri Hospital has a dedicated team specializing in advanced sex reassignment surgeries.
- Included Services: Language assistance, personalized beauty advice, multiple consultations, general anesthesia, post-op medications, preoperative tests, chest X-ray, hospitalization, hotel stay, airport transfers.
- Stay Info: 10 days in the hospital, 11 days in the hotel, included in the price.
- Sex reassignment surgery
- Donut pillow for vaginal support
- Consultations: Personalized beauty advice
- Consultation with a doctor
- General anesthesia
- Preoperative tests
- Follow-up examination
- Post-op medications
- Chest X-ray
- Language assistance
- Consultation with a surgeon
- Consultation with a plastic surgeron
- Hospitalization + afterward hotel stay
- Transfer airport-hotel-clinic-airport
- Technique: Sigmoid colon laparoscopic
- Saran Wannachamras achieved a certificate of knowledge and expertise in medical practice in 1995.
- Wansiri Hospital serves international patients with personalized care and advanced surgical techniques.
- Included Services: Personalized beauty advice, hotel, consultations, general anesthesia, preoperative tests, blood tests, post-op medications, chest X-ray, language assistance, full board, hospitalization, transfer airport-hotel-clinic-airport.
- Stay Info: 7 days in the hospital, 14 days in the hotel, included in the price.
- Sex reassignment surgery
- Bottom surgery
- Consultations: Personalized beauty advice
- Hotel
- Consultation with a doctor
- General anesthesia
- Preoperative tests
- Blood tests
- Post-op medications
- Chest X-ray
- Language assistance
- Consultation with a surgeon
- Consultation with a plastic surgeron
- Full board (breakfast+lunch+dinner+drinks)
- Hospitalization + afterward hotel stay
- Transfer airport-hotel-clinic-airport
- Method: Colon Laparotomy
- Saran Wannachamras achieved a graduate diploma in clinical science from Chulalongkorn University in 1993.
- Wansiri Hospital provides comprehensive sex reassignment surgery services with advanced techniques and personalized care.
- Included Services: Personalized beauty advice, video or text consultation, general anesthesia, preoperative tests, blood tests, follow-up examination, post-op medications, chest X-ray, language assistance, full board, hospitalization, hotel stay, transfer airport-hotel-clinic-airport.
- Stay Info: 7 days in the hospital, 14 days in the hotel, included in the price.
- Sex reassignment surgery
- Donut pillow for vaginal support
- Consultations: Personalized beauty advice
- Video or text consultation
- Consultation with a doctor
- General anesthesia
- Preoperative tests
- Blood tests
- Follow-up examination
- Post-op medications
- Chest X-ray
- Language assistance
- Consultation with a surgeon
- Consultation with a plastic surgeron
- Full board (breakfast+lunch+dinner+drinks)
- Hospitalization + afterward hotel stay
- Transfer airport-hotel-clinic-airport
- Technique: Microthin veneer technique
- Tanongsak Panyawirunroj is a pioneer plastic surgeon and founder of Asia Cosmetic Hospital, specializing in sex reassignment surgery.
- Asia Cosmetic Hospital is JCI-accredited and achieves a 0% patient complication rate post-surgery.
- Included Services: 24-hour nurse services, three meals per day by a nutritionist, cosmetic kit, donut pillow for vaginal support, dinner cruise for two people, hotel, language assistance, parking, consultation with a surgeon, chest X-ray, consultation with a doctor, Covid-19 test, 4-star hotel, and transfer between airport, hotel, and clinic.
- Stay Info: 7 days in the hospital room and 7 days in a 4-star hotel, both included in the price.
- Sex reassignment surgery
- Consultation with a surgeon
- Language assistance
- Cosmetic kit
- Chest X-ray
- Consultation with a doctor
- Hotel
- Donut pillow for vaginal support
- Dinner cruise for 2 people
- 3 meals per day by nutritionist
- Covid-19 test
- 24-hr nurse services
- Parking
- 4* Hotel
- Transfer airport-hotel-clinic-airport
- Dr. Akkrasash Vongjirad performed numerous successful mastectomies with zero post-surgery complications.
- Asia Cosmetic Hospital holds JCI accreditation and boasts a 0% rate of patient complications post-surgery.
- Included Services: Follow-up examination, follow-up visit, general anesthesia, medications, preoperative tests, post-op medications, hospitalization, transfer to the hospital.
- Stay Info: 2 days stay in the hospital, 10 days stay in the hotel (included in the price).
- Top surgery
- General anesthesia
- Preoperative tests
- Medications
- Follow-up examination
- Post-op medications
- Follow-up visit
- Hospitalization
- Transfer to the clinic
- Technique: No implant applicable
- Dr. Akkrasash Vongjirad is renowned for his exceptional skills in cosmetic procedures in Bangkok.
- Asia Cosmetic Hospital has a 0% rate of patient complications post-surgery.
- Included Services: Consultation with a doctor, video or text consultation, transfer to the hospital.
- Stay Info: 1-day stay in the hospital, 1-day stay in the hotel, accommodation not included in the price.
- Tracheal Shave
- Adam's apple surgery
- Consultation with a doctor
- Video or text consultation
- Transfer to the clinic
- Tanongsak Panyawirunroj has completed international scholarships in craniofacial and aesthetic surgery, enhancing expertise in facial procedures.
- Asia Cosmetic Hospital holds JCI and ISO accreditation, ensuring internationally recognized safety and quality standards for facial feminization surgery.
- Included Services: Blood tests, chest X-ray, medications, general anesthesia, consultation with a doctor, video or text consultation, transfer to the clinic.
- Stay Info: 2 days hotel stay required, accommodation is not included in the price.
- Facial feminization surgery (FFS)
- Video or text consultation
- Consultation with a doctor
- General anesthesia
- Blood tests
- Medications
- Chest X-ray
- Transfer to the clinic
How Much is Gender Reassignment Surgery by Type?
Gender reassignment surgery spans from single-stage procedures (~$2,000) to complex multi-stage reconstructions (>$100,000). Typical ranges:
Highest-rated clinics for Sex reassignment surgery
Wansiri Hospital
Wansiri Hospital is a private medical center in Bangkok, Thailand, specializing in surgery, obstetrics and gynecology, and plastic surgery. The hospital boasts impressive success rates, with 99.0% for tummy tuck and liposuction, 99.0% for deep plane facelifts, and 99.0% for male-to-female (MTF) surgery.
The hospital provides global-standard facilities, advanced medical technology, digitized medical operations, and premium patient services. Wansiri Hospital focuses on delivering the "New Standard of Our Own Beauty" with the motto "Your Look, Your Future." The hospital exclusively serves adult patients; around 2,000 patients seek care each year. Most visitors come from Europe, the Commonwealth, Asia, the USA, Canada, and Australia.
Asia Cosmetic Hospital
Asia Cosmetic Hospital is a medical center in Bangkok, Thailand, specializing in cosmetic plastic surgery and obesity bariatric surgery. It is one of the top plastic surgery facilities in Thailand and the Asia Pacific region. The center holds ISO certification, Hospital Accreditation, and prestigious Joint Commission International (JCI) accreditation. These credentials reflect its dedication to maintaining the highest patient care, safety, and quality standards.
The hospital features state-of-the-art facilities with advanced technology and a staff of highly skilled and experienced professionals. At Asia Cosmetic Hospital, plastic surgeons conduct all operations under the supervision of anesthesiologists and cardiologists, resulting in a 0% rate of patient complications post-surgery.
SAERO Plastic Surgery
SAERO Plastic Surgery is a private clinic located in Seoul’s Gangnam district, specializing exclusively in plastic surgery. With over 24 years of experience, the clinic is led by a skilled surgeon who provides personalized treatment plans tailored to each patient's medical needs. SAERO serves adult patients from Europe & Commonwealth, Asia, the USA, Canada, and Australia.
ID Clinic Bangkok
ID Clinic Bangkok is a private multi-specialty medical center in Bangkok, Thailand. The team excels in plastic surgery, aesthetic medicine, cosmetology, and weight loss surgery. Among the clinic's achievements are the following success rates: 95% for breast lift, 95% for rhinoplasty (nose job), and 96% for tummy tucking stem cell therapy. ID Clinic Bangkok serves only adults. Every year, 4,000 patients choose the clinic for medical care. Patients from Europe, the Commonwealth, Arab League States, the USA, Canada, and Australia visit it most often.
| treatment | |
|---|---|
| Sex reassignment surgery | $9,500 - $10,500 |
Dr. MED
Dr. MED Clinic is a private multi-specialty medical center in Istanbul, Turkey, specializing in plastic surgery, aesthetic medicine, cosmetology, and weight loss surgery. The clinic reports high success rates, including 97% for facelift surgery, 99.5% for liposuction, and 98.5% for mommy makeovers.
The medical team utilizes advanced techniques such as deep-plane facelifts, scarless facelifts, breast reconstruction, and VASER liposculpture. Treating only adults, the clinic welcomes over 4,500 patients annually, primarily from Europe, the Commonwealth, the USA, Canada, Australia, and CIS countries.
Memorial Şişli Hospital
Memorial Şişli Hospital is JCI accredited – a first in Turkey, ensuring international safety standards. Prof. Dr. Kadriye Ipek Uzunoglu brings 19 years of experience and has performed 900 skin/nipple-sparing mastectomies. The $9,100 package includes surgery, 2 nights at the hospital, a 7-night hotel stay, consultation, preoperative tests, and VIP airport transfers – airfare and extra procedures are not included.
VG Plastic Surgery
Dr. Young Min Im, Chief Plastic Surgeon at VG Plastic Surgery, brings 19+ years of expertise focused on gender-affirming procedures. Sex reassignment surgery includes 2 nights hospitalization, postoperative care, deswelling treatments, and meal service during the stay. The clinic holds dual accreditation from Korea's healthcare authorities and serves international patients with specialized protocols. Dr. Im maintains memberships in both Korean and American aesthetic plastic surgery societies, applying advanced 3D-CT scanning for precision.
| treatment | |
|---|---|
| Sex reassignment surgery | $10,000 - $19,000 |
Men's Health Clinics
Men's Health Clinics is a private multi-specialty center in Istanbul, Turkey, specializing in oncology, urology, sexology, and plastic surgery.
Founded by Prof. Dr. Barış Nuhoğlu, Head of Urology at Biruni University Hospital, the clinic offers over 17 years of expertise in the field. The team creates personalized treatment plans tailored to each patient’s needs, using the latest technology and evidence-based methods.
It treats only adults and welcomes around 300 patients each year, mainly from Russian-speaking countries, Europe, the USA, Canada, Australia, and the Commonwealth.
Quartz Hospital
Dr. Suheda Cildir has performed 900+ sex reassignment procedures with personalized treatment plans. The all-inclusive package may cost around $4,500 – typically covering surgery, 1 night hospital stay, 5 nights in a 4-star hotel, VIP transfers, and 24/7 nurse supervision. The ISAPS-accredited clinic follows international standards, with Dr. Cildir holding certification from the same society.
JK Plastic Surgery Center
JK Plastic Surgery Center is the top clinic for international patients looking for cosmetic surgeries in South Korea (KAHF). Over 6,000 medical tourists visit JK Plastic Surgery Clinic each year to get the safest surgeries for the eyes, nose, body contouring, and anti-aging. JK shows 100% success rate of all procedures performed in the hospital.
It is a premium center with 20-years history and numerous awards. The JK medical team accounts over 85,000 plastic procedures provided according to the world quality standards. It is the best option for those who want excellent services in luxurious surroundings with the best results.
Type of Surgery | Average Cost |
|---|---|
FTM top surgery (mastectomy) | $3,000–$10,000 |
MTF top surgery (augmentation) | $5,000–$10,000 |
FTM bottom surgery (genital reconstruction) | $6,400–$50,000+ |
MTF bottom surgery | $10,000–$30,000 |
$20,000–$50,000 | |
$1,000–$20,000 | |
Voice surgery | $5,500–$9,000 |
Below, we outline key details that influence costs within each category.
Female-to-male (FTM) top surgery cost
FTM top surgery removes breast tissue to create a masculine chest. Average cost: $3,000–$10,000.
- Double incision + nipple grafts — more expensive, suited to larger chest sizes.
- Periareolar / Keyhole — less invasive (often up to ~$2,000 cheaper), for smaller chest sizes.
- Buttonhole — intermediate option prioritizing nipple appearance/sensation.
Male-to-female (MTF) top surgery cost
MTF top surgery (breast augmentation) typically costs $5,000–$10,000 depending on implant type and technique. See the full MTF breakdown here: MTF surgery cost guide.
Learn more about top surgery costs here.
Female-to-male (FTM) bottom surgery cost
FTM bottom surgery average costs range $6,400–$50,000+ depending on staged reconstruction.
- Hysterectomy: $9,500–$22,500.
- Oophorectomy: $11,500–$18,500.
- Vaginectomy: $6,500–$7,500.
- Metoidioplasty: $6,000–$30,000.
- Phalloplasty: $20,000–$50,000 (multi-stage, grafts).
💡 Expert insight
“FTM reconstructions trend higher in cost due to staged phalloplasty complexity. Metoidioplasty is less invasive and about half the price in many cases, but the choice should align with goals, not price alone.”
— Dr. Pichet Rodchareon, WPATH member.
24.01.2025
Top specialists in Sex reassignment surgery
- 20 years of experience
- Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Odontoliuzzi Dentistry and Health
MEMBER OF THE BRAZILIAN SOCIETY OF LASER IN MEDICINE AND SURGERY Dr Lívia Camargo specializes in aesthetic dermatology and offers a variety of beauty treatments and skin and hair care. Combining high technology and modern techniques, our clinic is located in Praia do Flamengo, south of Rio de Janeiro, providing a beautiful view of the city. Our goal is to promote health, beauty and well-being, all in an elegant and welcoming environment.
- 33 years of experience
- Thailand, Bangkok, Department of Hair, Aesthetics & Surgery @ Navamin 9 Hospital
Dr. Thiti Chaovanalikit is a highly skilled surgeon specializing in plastic, cosmetic, and reconstructive surgery with over 33 years of experience. With a strong foundation in medical education and advanced surgical training, he is dedicated to delivering safe, precise, and natural results tailored to each patient’s needs. Dr. Thiti combines technical excellence with an artistic approach, ensuring outcomes that enhance both function and aesthetics.
Fluent in both Thai and English, Dr. Thiti provides personalized care to patients from Thailand and abroad, making them feel confident and well-informed throughout their treatment journey.
- 4.4 • 30 reviews
- 8 years of experience
- Turkey, Istanbul, Medical Park Göztepe Hospital Complex
Education and Specialization:
- 2011 to 2017 Trakya University Faculty of Medicine
-2017 to 2023 Gülhane Military Medical Academy, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Specialization
Work Experience:
-2018 to 2023 Gülhane Military Medical Academy
-2023 to 2025 Hakkari Yüksekova State Hospital
-2025 to Present BAU. MedicalPark Göztepe Hospital
Professional Memberships:-International Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery (ISAPS)
-Turkish Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery Association( TPRAASA)
- - Aesthetic Plastic Surgery Association
-Reconstructive Microsurgery Association
- 4.7 • 3 reviews
- 26 years of experience
- Thailand, Bangkok, Intrarat Hospital
PLOYPAILIN RATTANACHINNAKORN, M.D.
Plastic and Reconstructive Surgeon
Graduated (M.D. From)
Doctor of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn UniversityCertificates
Certificate of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University
Certificate of specialty in Plastic and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University
Certificate for Doctors Training Program at the 2024 KVPS (Korea V Plastic Surgery Symposium), Demonstrating Excellence in Facelift with Masters Course.
Work History (Experiences)
Member of the Medical Council of Thailand (Memberships)
Member of the Royal College of Surgeons of Thailand
Current Positions
PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGEON AT INTRARAT HOSPITAL
- 4.5 • 4 reviews
- 34 years of experience
- Thailand, Bangkok, Bangkok Plastic Surgery
Dr. Rodchareon's expertise covers a broad spectrum of procedures beyond sex reassignment surgeries, including body sculpting, breast augmentation, buttock augmentation, facial feminization surgeries, orchiectomy, vaginoplasty, clitoroplasty, labiaplasty, hair grafting, top surgery, hysterectomy, mons resection, scrotoplasty with testicular implants, and facial masculinization.
Education
- B.Sc. and M.D. from Chulalongkorn University, Thailand
- Board certified in Plastic Surgery, Thailand
Membership
- International Member of the American Society of Plastic Surgeons (since 2019)
- Active Member of the International Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery (ISAPS)
Training
- Plastic Surgery training at Chulalongkorn University
- Short course in hand surgery at Ramathibodi Hospital
- Training at Oriental Bangkok Plastic Surgery, Singapore
- AO/ASIF maxillofacial course, A-O International, Bangkok
- Aesthetic craniofacial surgery training in the Asian-Pacific region, Bangkok
- Miniplate rigid fixation training in Wurzburg, Germany
- Cutaneous laser training in Barcelona, Spain and Boston, USA
- Urbium:Yag laser resurfacing, Q-switch Nd:Yag lasers, and cutaneous laser training for Asian skin at Ramathibodi Hospital
- Training on flaps of the upper extremity at Chulalongkorn University
- 4.9 • 20 reviews
- 28 years of experience
- Turkey, Istanbul, Men's Health Clinics
- 15 years of experience
- Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Odontoliuzzi Dentistry and Health
Dr Pedro Bertelli has solid training in plastic surgery, a specialist member of the Brazilian Society of Plastic Surgery, during his training he acquired extensive experience in aesthetic and reconstructive surgeries, especially breast changes. Always updating herself in the area of non-invasive facial aesthetics in her spare time through courses and specific training in the application of botulinum toxin, dermal fillers, chemical peels and new technologies such as Laser, ultrasound and non-ablative light.
- 5 • 5 reviews
- 12 years of experience
- Turkey, Istanbul, Uroaesthetic
Buğra Çetin MD, PhD
Urological Surgeon
Altinbas University Bahçelievler Medicalpark Hospital
Dr. Buğra Çetin is a pioneer in the field of urology, particularly renowned for his groundbreaking work in cellular therapies. With a deep commitment to advancing medical science, Dr. Çetin has been at the forefront of developing and applying cutting-edge treatments that harness the body's own cellular potential to restore and enhance urological health. His innovative approaches have opened new avenues for patients suffering from conditions previously deemed untreatable, offering them renewed hope and improved quality of life. By integrating the latest advancements in cellular medicine into his practice, Dr. Çetin provides his patients with access to the most promising and effective treatments available today. His dedication to exploring and implementing these therapies reflects his unwavering commitment to delivering the highest standard of care and transforming lives.
Clinical Skills:
Dr. Buğra Çetin possesses extensive expertise in Aesthetic Penoscrotal Surgery, having performed hundreds of successful procedures with a consistently high rate of patient satisfaction. His clinical skills encompass a wide array of advanced surgical techniques, including circumcision, penile curvature correction, penile and testicular implant placement, penile lengthening and enlargement, pubic lipectomy, and liposuction. Additionally, he is proficient in penoscrotal web correction, hypospadias surgery, and hydrocelectomy, ensuring that each procedure adheres to the highest standards of safety and efficacy.
In the realm of Urooncologic Surgery, Dr. Çetin has achieved excellent outcomes in complex procedures such as radical retropubic prostatectomy, radical cystoprostatectomy, radical nephrectomy, and radical orchiectomy. His expertise extends to pelvic lymph node dissection, ileal conduit urinary diversion, and transurethral bladder cancer resection, where he applies meticulous surgical precision to optimize patient recovery and outcomes.
Dr. Çetin is also highly skilled in Endourologic Surgery, performing a wide range of procedures using advanced laparoscopic and endoscopic techniques. His proficiency in laparoscopic nephrectomy, adrenalectomy, pyeloplasty, and ureterolithotomy allows for minimally invasive surgeries that promote faster recovery and reduced patient discomfort. Additionally, his experience includes percutaneous nephrolithotomy, flexible ureteroscopy, and transurethral prostatectomy, all executed with a commitment to excellence.
In Reconstructive Urologic Surgery, Dr. Çetin handles complex urethral strictures, urogenital fistula operations, and urinary incontinence surgeries for both male and female patients, ensuring a comprehensive and compassionate approach to urological health.
Professional Experiences:
Dr. Buğra Çetin's illustrious career as a Urological Surgeon is marked by his dedication to excellence and patient care across multiple esteemed institutions. Beginning his journey at Dr. Yusuf Azizoğlu State Hospital in Diyarbakır from 2019 to 2020. His pursuit of advanced medical practices led him to Gaziosmanpaşa Training and Research Hospital in Istanbul, where from 2020 to 2023, he contributed to groundbreaking research and performed complex surgeries with precision and care. Currently, Dr. Çetin continues to make significant strides at Bahçelievler Medicalpark Hospital in Istanbul, where he remains committed to providing cutting-edge treatments and compassionate care to his patients. His journey through these prestigious institutions reflects his relentless dedication to advancing the field of urology and improving patient outcomes.
Educations:
Dr. Buğra Çetin's educational journey is a testament to his unwavering commitment to excellence and his relentless pursuit of knowledge. He embarked on his medical career with a strong foundation, earning his MD from Firat University in 2007. His passion for urology led him to pursue specialized training at Taksim Training and Research Hospital, where he completed his Urology Residency Program in 2019, distinguishing himself through his dedication and eagerness to learn. Not content with just clinical practice, Dr. Çetin ventured into the realm of advanced research, and in 2024, he successfully completed his PhD in Molecular Medicine at Health Science University, earning the esteemed title of PhD. This rigorous academic path reflects his deep-seated enthusiasm and determination to be at the forefront of medical innovation, always striving to provide the best possible care for his patients.
Certifications:
- Board Certified Urologist
-IICPI Certification ‘’Advenced Level Sexuallity, Sexual Therapy, and Sexual Treatments Training Participation Certificate’’
Memberships;
-ISSM (International Sociaty for Sexual Medicine)
-ESSM (European Sociaty for Sexual Medicine)
-Europena Urology Association of Urology
-Turkish Association of Urology
- 5 • 7 reviews
- 30 years of experience
- accreditation:
- Thailand, Bangkok, Wansiri Hospital
Dr. Saran Wannachamras
Rhinoplasty, Breast Surgery, Sex Reassignment
Educational Background:
1995 Certificate of Knowledge and Expertise in Medical Practice, Institute of Orthopedic Surgery,The Medical Council of Thailand
1993 Graduate Diploma in Clinical Science in Clinical Surgery, Chulalongkorn University
1980 Physician Training Program in Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery at East Virginia School (EVIMS), USA
Work Experience:
Attend and become an Operation Smile Cleft Lip and Palate member at Norfolk, Virginia, USA Virginia, United States
29th Executive for intermediate, BMA Training and Development Institute
World Congress of Cosmetic Surgery, Aesthetic and Anti-Aging Medicine,
International Academy of Cosmetic Surgery, Japan World Congress of Cosmetic Surgery, Aesthetic and Anti-Aging Medicine, International Academy of Cosmetic Surgery in Japan
Professional Registration:
Member of the Society of Plastic Aesthetic Surgeons of Thailand
Member of the Royal College of Surgeons of Thailand (cosmetic surgery and general surgery)
Members of The International College of Surgeons (Plastic Surgery)
Members of Oriental Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery (OSAPS)
Male-to-female (MTF) bottom surgery cost
MTF bottom surgery averages around $25,000 for vaginoplasty (zero-depth vulvoplasty is typically cheaper).
- Orchiectomy: $2,000–$8,000.
- Vaginoplasty / Vulvoplasty: $10,000–$30,000.
Aftercare matters: Vaginoplasty requires structured dilation and specific wound-care protocols. See UCSF guidance for details.
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Facial reconstruction cost
- Facial feminization surgery (FFS): $20,000–$50,000 (bundle dependent).
- Facial masculinization surgery (FMS): $1,000–$20,000.
💡 Expert insight
“FFS costs vary because combinations differ. Bundling 3–4 key procedures can be cost-efficient, but prioritizing the highest-impact changes first is often wiser.”
— Dr. Pichet Rodchareon, WPATH member.
24.01.2025
💰 More details on FFS costs: read the full guide.
Voice surgery cost
Voice feminization/masculinization alters pitch and resonance to better align with gender identity. Typical range: $5,500–$9,000. Outcomes improve when combined with pre/post-op voice therapy.
Get Free Expert Advice
🤔 Want to learn more about what to expect from gender-affirming surgeries? Read our Sex Reassignment Surgery Guide.
What Factors Affect the Cost of Transgender Surgery?
- Procedure type & complexity: multi-stage reconstructions (e.g., phalloplasty) cost more than single-stage procedures.
- Number of surgeries: combining stages or revisions increases OR time and resources.
- Surgeon expertise: high-volume, specialized surgeons charge premium fees.
- Geography: country/city and currency effects materially change totals.
- Facility & anesthesia: private centers, longer OR time, and advanced tech add costs.
- Package inclusions: all-inclusive deals can reduce total spend 20–30% vs itemized billing.
What is Covered by Transgender Surgery Cost?
Typical inclusions:
- surgeon & anesthesia fees;
- OR time, hospital stay, basic supplies;
- pre-op consults and labs;
- initial medications & dressings.
Some plans add specialized items (e.g., dilators after vaginoplasty, compression garments). Staged FTM reconstructions may require additional procedures (e.g., urethral lengthening, erectile device).
All-inclusive packages
Turkey and Thailand often bundle airport–hotel–hospital transfers, accommodation, translation, and post-op support to simplify logistics and budgeting.
💡 Expert insight
“Thailand can be up to 70% less than the US; all-inclusive packages often save another 20–30% by bundling transfers, lodging, garments, and follow-ups.”
— Dr. Pichet Rodchareon
24.01.2025
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Does Insurance Cover Gender Reassignment Surgery?
Coverage varies by country, state, and plan. Insurers commonly apply clinical criteria aligned with WPATH SOC-8 for medically necessary care (letters of readiness, HRT duration, age of consent). Procedures perceived as cosmetic (e.g., FFS, voice) are less often covered, though policies are evolving.
Determining your plan’s coverage and requirements
📋 Common requirements include:
- One or two letters from qualified mental-health professionals;
- Evidence of hormone therapy (duration varies by procedure);
- Legal age and informed consent.
Secure prior authorization and submit medical-necessity documentation to avoid denials.
Additional costs
- Home assistance during recovery;
- Travel & accommodation if you go out of town/country;
- Mental-health letters/therapy (often required for approval);
- Time off work (e.g., 6–8 weeks after bottom surgery);
- Recovery aids (garments, shower stool, etc.).
How to Pay for Transgender Surgery?
- Payment plans (including interest-free installments at select providers).
- Personal loans and medical credit cards (watch retroactive interest).
- HSAs/FSAs for pre-tax savings.
- Home-equity options (with collateral risk).
Grants for transgender surgery
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Tips for Minimizing Transgender Surgery Costs
- Review your policy line-by-line; appeal denials with SOC-8-aligned letters.
- Leverage HSA/FSA and compare all-inclusive packages vs itemized billing.
- Use crowdfunding and community support networks when appropriate.
- Mind interest rates and repayment terms to avoid long-run overpay.
Best Countries for Gender Reassignment Surgery: How Much Is a Sex Change in Thailand and Turkey?
🛕 Thailand: The global leader in gender-affirming care
- High volumes & innovation (decades of SRS experience; techniques incl. peritoneal vaginoplasty).
- Affordability: often up to 60–80% cheaper vs US.
- Patient experience: hospitality and comprehensive packages.
Costs: top surgery from ~$3,200–$4,500; bottom surgery ~$9,500–$20,000 depending on method.
📸 See results from Thai surgeons (before/after):
- Technique:
- Dr. Tanongsak Panyayvirulroj is a renowned plastic surgeon specializing in sex reassignment surgery.
- Asia Cosmetic Hospital holds prestigious Joint Commission International (JCI) accreditation for maintaining high patient care standards.
- Included Services: Hotel, General anesthesia, Preoperative tests, Medications, Follow-up examination, Post-op medications, Neck pillow, Language assistance, Consultation with a surgeon, Follow-up visit, Consultation with a cardiologist, 4* Hotel, Transfer airport-hotel-clinic-airport.
- Stay Info: 7 Days stay in the hospital, 14 Days stay in the hotel, included in the price.
🕌 Turkey: Top medical-tourism destination
- Accredited facilities and internationally trained surgeons.
- Value: frequent 50–70% savings vs US/Europe; strong package offers.
Costs: voice/top surgery from ~$3,000–$5,000; MTF bottom packages ~$10,000–$13,000.
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📸 Turkey before/after portfolios:
Takeaways
- Costs span widely: single procedures from a few thousand dollars; comprehensive transitions can exceed $100,000 across stages.
- MTF vs FTM: separating categories avoids confusion—e.g., MTF top (augmentation) $5,000–$10,000 vs FTM top (mastectomy) $3,000–$10,000.
- By country: US/UK are premium markets; Thailand/Turkey offer ~60–80% savings with strong outcomes and packages.
- Insurance: coverage varies; SOC-8-aligned documentation is key; prior authorization required.
- Budget add-ons: travel, time off work, recovery aids, mental-health letters, and possible revisions.
Related Articles
- Sex Reassignment Surgery Guide: Everything You Need to Know
- How Much Does Male-to-Female (MTF) Surgery Cost?
- How Much Does Female-to-Male (FTM) Surgery Cost?
- How Much Does Top Surgery Cost?
- How Much Does Facial Feminization Surgery Cost?
- How Much Does Voice Feminization Surgery Cost?
- How Much Does Facial Masculinization Surgery Cost?
- Where to Get Gender Reassignment Surgery: Best Countries, Hospitals & Surgeons
Medical disclaimer: Content is informational and not a substitute for professional medical advice. Always consult qualified providers. Costs/outcomes vary by individual and clinic. See our Editorial Policy.
All medical content on this page is prepared by authors with specialized medical education and reviewed by certified physicians in the relevant field. Medical review by Ergin Er, Plastic surgeon.
Last updated: September 24, 2025.
- Statistics: Figures are based on Bookimed’s internal database December 2025, which includes analysis of 12,450 patient requests across accredited clinics in .
- Pricing: Cost information is provided directly by Bookimed’s partner clinics and updated regularly to reflect current 2025 market conditions. Actual expenses may differ depending on case complexity, surgeon expertise, and clinic location.
- Clinical Data: Treatment outcomes and patient satisfaction figures are collected from Bookimed’s verified clinic database and supported by data from peer-reviewed medical sources such as PubMed, The Lancet, JAMA, and NEJM (2023–2025).
All data is provided for general informational purposes and may not represent individual results or experiences.
- Johns Hopkins Medicine. Gender Affirmation Surgeries. https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/wellness-and-prevention/gender-affirmation-surgeries
- Healthline. (2022). Everything You Need to Know About Gender Affirming Care. https://www.healthline.com/health/what-is-gender-affirming-care
- The Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics. (2022). Utilization and Costs of Gender-Affirming Care in a Commercially Insured Transgender Population. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9679590/
- Medical News Today. (2022). Which insurance companies cover gender affirmation surgery and how to apply. https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/insurance-companies-that-cover-gender-reassignment-surgery
- Investopedia. (2023). Does Insurance Cover Gender-Affirming Care? https://www.investopedia.com/paying-for-transgender-surgeries-5184794
- Bloomberg. (2015). How Thailand Became a Global Gender-Change Destination. https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2015-10-26/how-thailand-became-a-global-gender-change-destination