Arthroscopy is considered a universal operation that provides access to almost every joint in the human body. Depending on the venue, there are the following types of procedures:
- arthroscopy of the knee joint (used for rupture of the anterior or posterior cruciate ligaments, meniscus);
- arthroscopy of the ankle joint ;
- arthroscopy of the shoulder joint (prevention and treatment of various pathologies);
- arthroscopy of the elbow joint (allows you to eliminate problems with flexion and extension of the limbs, pain, infection);
- hip arthroscopy (the most difficult type of procedure).
The operation begins with the introduction of anesthesia to the patient, which can be general, local or spinal (only for the lower body). After fixing the limb, the surgeon applies a special tourniquet (tourniquet) so that no blood enters the joint. This ensures good visibility during the operation.
All surgical manipulations are carried out through punctures in the skin with a diameter of about 5-7 mm. An arthroscope (a type of endoscope) and metal tubes are inserted into the joint to supply and drain fluid. A small video camera is built into the arthroscope, which transmits the image to a large color screen. Thanks to this, the surgeon can see the structure of the joint in detail.
After the examination, all detected injuries or pathologies are immediately corrected with the help of surgical instruments, which are also inserted through punctures.
After the operation is completed, the joint is treated with a special preparation that promotes rapid recovery. Small sutures are applied to the punctures, and pressure bandages are applied to the operated area.