Best Mammography diagnosticians in Thailand: TOP 11 doctors
Thailand,
Bangkok
ID Clinic Bangkok
Dr Phatcharasak kraisornphongsakul MD
Graduated medicine from Khon Kaen University since 1986
General surgery Broad certified since 1986
Plastic surgery Board certified since 2000
Practice in plastic surgery and cosmetic surgery in many top tier hospitals more than 20 years experience Such as Bangkok hospital, Yanhee hospital and Kamol hospital
Read moreDr Phatcharasak kraisornphongsakul MD
Graduated medicine from Khon Kaen University since 1986
General surgery Broad certified since 1986
Plastic surgery Board certified since 2000
Practice in plastic surgery and cosmetic surgery in many top tier hospitals more than 20 years experience Such as Bangkok hospital, Yanhee hospital and Kamol hospital
| Doctor's visit | price on request |
| Butt implants | $3500 - $4000 |
| Arm lift (brachioplasty) | $2700 - $3000 |
| Breast augmentation | $3125 - $3250 |
Thailand,
Bangkok
Asia Cosmetic Hospital
Dr. Akkrasash Vongjirad
Plastic Surgeon
About Dr. Akkrasash Vongjirad
Dr. Akkrasash Vongjirad is a renowned plastic surgeon based in Bangkok, Thailand. With years of experience in the field, Dr. Vongjirad has gained a reputation for his exceptional skills and dedication to providing top-quality care to his patients.
Specialty
Dr. Akkrasash Vongjirad specializes in plastic surgery, with a focus on cosmetic procedures to enhance the appearance of his patients. He is known for his expertise in performing a wide range of surgical and non-surgical treatments to help individuals achieve their desired aesthetic goals.
Education and Training
Dr. Akkrasash Vongjirad received his medical degree from a prestigious medical school in Thailand. He then completed his residency training in plastic surgery at a renowned hospital, where he honed his surgical skills and knowledge in the field.
Experience
With over a decade of experience in plastic surgery, Dr. Akkrasash Vongjirad has successfully performed numerous procedures, ranging from facelifts and breast augmentation to liposuction and rhinoplasty. His attention to detail and commitment to patient safety have earned him the trust and loyalty of his patients.
Affiliations
Dr. Akkrasash Vongjirad is affiliated with Asia Cosmetic Hospital in Bangkok, Thailand, where he provides his services to local and international patients seeking expert plastic surgery care. The hospital is equipped with state-of-the-art facilities and a team of experienced medical professionals to ensure the highest standards of care.
Services Offered
Dr. Akkrasash Vongjirad offers a wide range of plastic surgery services, including but not limited to:
- Facelift
- Breast augmentation
- Liposuction
- Rhinoplasty
- Botox and fillers
Dr. Akkrasash Vongjirad
Plastic Surgeon
About Dr. Akkrasash Vongjirad
Dr. Akkrasash Vongjirad is a renowned plastic surgeon based in Bangkok, Thailand. With years of experience in the field, Dr. Vongjirad has gained a reputation for his exceptional skills and dedication to providing top-quality care to his patients.
Specialty
Dr. Akkrasash Vongjirad specializes in plastic surgery, with a focus on cosmetic procedures to enhance the appearance of his patients. He is known for his expertise in performing a wide range of surgical and non-surgical treatments to help individuals achieve their desired aesthetic goals.
Education and Training
Dr. Akkrasash Vongjirad received his medical degree from a prestigious medical school in Thailand. He then completed his residency training in plastic surgery at a renowned hospital, where he honed his surgical skills and knowledge in the field.
Experience
With over a decade of experience in plastic surgery, Dr. Akkrasash Vongjirad has successfully performed numerous procedures, ranging from facelifts and breast augmentation to liposuction and rhinoplasty. His attention to detail and commitment to patient safety have earned him the trust and loyalty of his patients.
Affiliations
Dr. Akkrasash Vongjirad is affiliated with Asia Cosmetic Hospital in Bangkok, Thailand, where he provides his services to local and international patients seeking expert plastic surgery care. The hospital is equipped with state-of-the-art facilities and a team of experienced medical professionals to ensure the highest standards of care.
Services Offered
Dr. Akkrasash Vongjirad offers a wide range of plastic surgery services, including but not limited to:
- Facelift
- Breast augmentation
- Liposuction
- Rhinoplasty
- Botox and fillers
Thailand,
Bangkok
Asia Cosmetic Hospital
Dr. Tanongsak Panyayvirulroj: A Renowned Plastic Surgeon in Bangkok, Thailand
Dr. Tanongsak Panyayvirulroj is a highly esteemed plastic surgeon based in Bangkok, Thailand by Asia Cosmetic Hospital, with extensive expertise in various cosmetic procedures. His commitment to excellence and patient satisfaction has made him a sought-after professional in the field of aesthetic surgery.
Unveiling Dr. Tanongsak's Specializations
With a focus on enhancing natural beauty, Dr. Tanongsak specializes in a range of transformative procedures, including Rhinoplasty, Blepharoplasty, Breast Augmentation, and Sexual Reassignment Surgery. His meticulous approach and attention to detail ensure that each patient receives personalized care to achieve their desired results.
A Journey of Expertise: Dr. Tanongsak's Diverse Work Experience
Dr. Tanongsak's journey in the medical field began as a General Physician, gradually evolving into the Deputy Director of Koh Yao Noi Hospital. His residency at Siriraj Hospital marked a pivotal moment, leading to specialization in Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. Over the years, he has held key positions in prestigious hospitals, contributing significantly to the field.
Global Exposure: Dr. Tanongsak's International Scholarships and Visits
Driven by a quest for knowledge, Dr. Tanongsak pursued international scholarships and visits to institutions in Taiwan, North America, Canada, and South Korea. These experiences enriched his skills in Craniofacial Surgery, Aesthetic Surgery, and Rhinoplasty Surgery, further solidifying his reputation as a global expert.
Dr. Tanongsak's Academic Achievements
Dr. Tanongsak's educational journey is marked by excellence. He earned his Doctor of Medicine degree from Siriraj Hospital Medical College, followed by diplomas and certifications in General Surgery, Micro-vascular Surgery, Plastic Surgery, AO Maxillo-facial Surgery, Craniofacial Surgery, and Aesthetic Surgery. His commitment to ongoing education reflects his dedication to staying at the forefront of his field.
Entrepreneurial Ventures: Dr. Tanongsak's Leadership in Healthcare
Beyond his surgical prowess, Dr. Tanongsak is a visionary entrepreneur. He founded and manages both the Asian Medical Device Company and ASIA Clinic, showcasing his leadership in shaping the healthcare landscape.
Dr. Tanongsak Panyayvirulroj: A Beacon of Excellence in Plastic Surgery
As a pioneer Plastic Surgeon at Kamol Private Hospital and the Founder and Managing Director of ASIA Clinic, Dr. Tanongsak Panyayvirulroj stands as a beacon of excellence in the realm of plastic surgery. His commitment to innovation, education, and patient-centric care solidifies his status as a distinguished figure in the field, transforming lives through his surgical artistry.
Read moreDr. Tanongsak Panyayvirulroj: A Renowned Plastic Surgeon in Bangkok, Thailand
Dr. Tanongsak Panyayvirulroj is a highly esteemed plastic surgeon based in Bangkok, Thailand by Asia Cosmetic Hospital, with extensive expertise in various cosmetic procedures. His commitment to excellence and patient satisfaction has made him a sought-after professional in the field of aesthetic surgery.
Unveiling Dr. Tanongsak's Specializations
With a focus on enhancing natural beauty, Dr. Tanongsak specializes in a range of transformative procedures, including Rhinoplasty, Blepharoplasty, Breast Augmentation, and Sexual Reassignment Surgery. His meticulous approach and attention to detail ensure that each patient receives personalized care to achieve their desired results.
A Journey of Expertise: Dr. Tanongsak's Diverse Work Experience
Dr. Tanongsak's journey in the medical field began as a General Physician, gradually evolving into the Deputy Director of Koh Yao Noi Hospital. His residency at Siriraj Hospital marked a pivotal moment, leading to specialization in Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. Over the years, he has held key positions in prestigious hospitals, contributing significantly to the field.
Global Exposure: Dr. Tanongsak's International Scholarships and Visits
Driven by a quest for knowledge, Dr. Tanongsak pursued international scholarships and visits to institutions in Taiwan, North America, Canada, and South Korea. These experiences enriched his skills in Craniofacial Surgery, Aesthetic Surgery, and Rhinoplasty Surgery, further solidifying his reputation as a global expert.
Dr. Tanongsak's Academic Achievements
Dr. Tanongsak's educational journey is marked by excellence. He earned his Doctor of Medicine degree from Siriraj Hospital Medical College, followed by diplomas and certifications in General Surgery, Micro-vascular Surgery, Plastic Surgery, AO Maxillo-facial Surgery, Craniofacial Surgery, and Aesthetic Surgery. His commitment to ongoing education reflects his dedication to staying at the forefront of his field.
Entrepreneurial Ventures: Dr. Tanongsak's Leadership in Healthcare
Beyond his surgical prowess, Dr. Tanongsak is a visionary entrepreneur. He founded and manages both the Asian Medical Device Company and ASIA Clinic, showcasing his leadership in shaping the healthcare landscape.
Dr. Tanongsak Panyayvirulroj: A Beacon of Excellence in Plastic Surgery
As a pioneer Plastic Surgeon at Kamol Private Hospital and the Founder and Managing Director of ASIA Clinic, Dr. Tanongsak Panyayvirulroj stands as a beacon of excellence in the realm of plastic surgery. His commitment to innovation, education, and patient-centric care solidifies his status as a distinguished figure in the field, transforming lives through his surgical artistry.
Thailand,
Bangkok
Intrarat Hospital
PLOYPAILIN RATTANACHINNAKORN, M.D.
Plastic and Reconstructive Surgeon
Graduated (M.D. From)
Doctor of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University
Certificates
Certificate of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University
Certificate of specialty in Plastic and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University
Certificate for Doctors Training Program at the 2024 KVPS (Korea V Plastic Surgery Symposium), Demonstrating Excellence in Facelift with Masters Course.
Work History (Experiences)
Member of the Medical Council of Thailand (Memberships)
Member of the Royal College of Surgeons of Thailand
Current Positions
PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGEON AT INTRARAT HOSPITAL
Read morePLOYPAILIN RATTANACHINNAKORN, M.D.
Plastic and Reconstructive Surgeon
Graduated (M.D. From)
Doctor of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University
Certificates
Certificate of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University
Certificate of specialty in Plastic and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University
Certificate for Doctors Training Program at the 2024 KVPS (Korea V Plastic Surgery Symposium), Demonstrating Excellence in Facelift with Masters Course.
Work History (Experiences)
Member of the Medical Council of Thailand (Memberships)
Member of the Royal College of Surgeons of Thailand
Current Positions
PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGEON AT INTRARAT HOSPITAL
Thailand,
Bangkok
Intrarat Hospital
Kotchakorn stitstein,M.D
Specialist in Otolaryngology and Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
Graduated (M.D. From)
Doctor of Medicine, Phramongkutklao College of Medicine
Certificates
Certificate of Otolaryngology, Phramongkutklao Hospital
Subspecialty in Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chulalongkorn University
Work History (Experiences)
Otolaryngologist at Phramongkutklao Hospital
Current Positions
Otolaryngologist & Facial plastic & Reconstructive surgery at Intrarat Hospital
Read moreKotchakorn stitstein,M.D
Specialist in Otolaryngology and Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
Graduated (M.D. From)
Doctor of Medicine, Phramongkutklao College of Medicine
Certificates
Certificate of Otolaryngology, Phramongkutklao Hospital
Subspecialty in Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chulalongkorn University
Work History (Experiences)
Otolaryngologist at Phramongkutklao Hospital
Current Positions
Otolaryngologist & Facial plastic & Reconstructive surgery at Intrarat Hospital
Thailand,
Chiang Mai
Doctor Alex Aesthetic Clinic
Dr. Alex Aesthetic Clinic is an aesthetic surgery clinic that has a reputation and standard in the plastic surgery industry for over 10 years. The celebrities are well known. They are very much talked about because Dr. Alex has spent his past work in famous aesthetic surgery clinics in Bangkok until he had the opportunity to open the clinic in Doctor Alex’s hometown (Chiang Mai). The doctor’s attitude is focused on quality under the concept of “Quality is our Best Priority” with the principle of “A Quality You can Trust”
Dr. Alex Aesthetic Clinic has launched an aesthetic surgery clinic in Chiang Mai province recently. Initially, the first branch in Bangkok, about ten years and later expanding in Chiang Mai, with Dr. Anek Sony, which is a doctor, executive, and managing director of the clinic.
Doctor Alex. An aesthetic surgery doctor who devoted most of his work and time to creating facial art and the patient’s body through the blade and needle. A doctor’s ideal, anything that requires a knife, must be used, but use requires art and knowledge. Otherwise, the work will be disastrous.
Dr. Alex has a Doctor of Medicine from Chiang Mai University. He has accumulated working experience from leading clinics and other hospitals both in Thailand and abroad. After that, he had the opportunity to study in Anti-Aging and Regenerative medicine MS from Mae Fah Luang University.
Until he was receiving the American Board of Anti-Aging and Regenerative Medicine, after that, the doctor is going to study at Regenerative Medicine in Arizona, USA. Until returning to Thailand. Dr. Alex brings the perfect combination of the science of solving problems by methods of In Side Out and Out Side In to apply. Moreover, Dr.Alex has the opportunity to study aesthetic surgery in many countries such as the USA, Germany, England, Italy and also study complicated surgery such as endoscopic surgery, using Laser (Israel) in surgery to achieve a unique working style.
Creating beauty on the face and body. The important thing is “Patient satisfaction not only the satisfaction of the doctor.”
The experience was the beginning of the Dr. ALEX Aesthetic and Regenerator Clinic for Chiang Mai people. Whether celebrity, net Idol, model, and Thai and foreign customers all over the country who trust to look after.
Dr. Alex Aesthetic Clinic is located on Tha pae Road in the center of Chiang Mai. In the future, Dr. Alex has the concept and vision to develop the beauty business to become the first and certified with high standards surgery hospital in the north.
Read moreDr. Alex Aesthetic Clinic is an aesthetic surgery clinic that has a reputation and standard in the plastic surgery industry for over 10 years. The celebrities are well known. They are very much talked about because Dr. Alex has spent his past work in famous aesthetic surgery clinics in Bangkok until he had the opportunity to open the clinic in Doctor Alex’s hometown (Chiang Mai). The doctor’s attitude is focused on quality under the concept of “Quality is our Best Priority” with the principle of “A Quality You can Trust”
Dr. Alex Aesthetic Clinic has launched an aesthetic surgery clinic in Chiang Mai province recently. Initially, the first branch in Bangkok, about ten years and later expanding in Chiang Mai, with Dr. Anek Sony, which is a doctor, executive, and managing director of the clinic.
Doctor Alex. An aesthetic surgery doctor who devoted most of his work and time to creating facial art and the patient’s body through the blade and needle. A doctor’s ideal, anything that requires a knife, must be used, but use requires art and knowledge. Otherwise, the work will be disastrous.
Dr. Alex has a Doctor of Medicine from Chiang Mai University. He has accumulated working experience from leading clinics and other hospitals both in Thailand and abroad. After that, he had the opportunity to study in Anti-Aging and Regenerative medicine MS from Mae Fah Luang University.
Until he was receiving the American Board of Anti-Aging and Regenerative Medicine, after that, the doctor is going to study at Regenerative Medicine in Arizona, USA. Until returning to Thailand. Dr. Alex brings the perfect combination of the science of solving problems by methods of In Side Out and Out Side In to apply. Moreover, Dr.Alex has the opportunity to study aesthetic surgery in many countries such as the USA, Germany, England, Italy and also study complicated surgery such as endoscopic surgery, using Laser (Israel) in surgery to achieve a unique working style.
Creating beauty on the face and body. The important thing is “Patient satisfaction not only the satisfaction of the doctor.”
The experience was the beginning of the Dr. ALEX Aesthetic and Regenerator Clinic for Chiang Mai people. Whether celebrity, net Idol, model, and Thai and foreign customers all over the country who trust to look after.
Dr. Alex Aesthetic Clinic is located on Tha pae Road in the center of Chiang Mai. In the future, Dr. Alex has the concept and vision to develop the beauty business to become the first and certified with high standards surgery hospital in the north.
Find out about the best doctors here
20 top ranked Mammography doctors in the world are represented on this page. The list includes only verified specialists known for their experience and high success rates.
The ranking is composed according to the Bookimed patient reviews and considers the rating of hospitals where doctors practice.
Top 5 Mammography doctors on Bookimed.com:
How to choose the best Mammography doctors in the world?
The specialist’s CV contains details about the doctor’s expertise and work experience, education, scientific research, and languages spoken. Compare information on several specialists, read carefully about their experience, success rates, and methods they apply. Make sure the chosen doctor has relevant experience in the treatment of a medical issue you are looking for. Read reviews of patients who had a consultation with the chosen specialist.
Famous Mammography doctors have vast experience, continue education constantly, participate in professional associations and have positive feedback from patients treated.
What is the cost of a doctor's consultation?
The price for the consultation on Mammography varies between experts and depends on certain factors, such as:
- the country of practicing
- the clinical experience and reputation
- the medical degree and educational background
- the doctor’s workload
- medical developments, proprietary techniques used, and awards, if any.
How to make an appointment with a chosen doctor?
To schedule your visit, just submit a request on Bookimed.com. Our coordinator will contact you to discuss the time and details of the appointment, so everything will go smoothly.
We can help to find the right doctors for Mammography if you have any difficulties with a choice. Bookimed services are free for patients ♥
Where you go for medical treatment
Top 5 hospitals for Mammography:
Thailand,
Bangkok
Bangkok Thailand Plastic Surgery
Dr.Theerapong Poonyakariyagorn
Dr.Theerapong Poonyakariyagorn, MD is the chief plastic surgeon at Interplast Clinic in Bangkok. He is certified by the Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgeons of Thailand and is an active member of the International Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery (ISAPS), the leading international body of board-certified plastic surgeons. He has devoted over 20 years to plastic surgery and has operated on patients from all over the world.
Education background
Doctor of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Thailand, 1992
TRAINING/SEMINAR
Specialty training
- Medical Doctor Faculty of Medicine Chulalongkorn University, M.D.1986 – 1992.
- Residency Training Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 1998-2000.
- Department of Surgery King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital
International training/Seminar
- China conference plastic surgeons 2002.
- OSAP meeting 2006, Shanghai, China.
- Art of Rhinoplasty 2006, San Francisco, USA.
- The Cutting Edge of Aesthetic Surgery Symposium 2011, New York, New York, USA
- The Cutting Edge of Aesthetic Surgery Symposium 2011, New York, New York, USA
- International Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery (ISAPS), 2014, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Marina Medical’s Gluteoplasty Workshop, 2015, San Jose, Costa Rica
- BBB 2016- Bottis’ Best Breast , 2016, Salo, Italy
- BBF 2017- Bottis’Best Face Interactive Facial Rejuvenation Course, 2017, Salo, Italy
- International Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery (ISAPS), 2016 , Kyoto, Japan
- The Forum of Adipose Tissue And Stem Cell Congress, 2017, Bangkok, Thailand
- Innovations And Challenges In Plastic And Aesthetic Surgery, 2017, Bangkok, Thailand
- International Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery (ISAPS), 2018, Florida, USA
DIPLOMA AND MEMBERSHIPS
Diploma
- Diploma Thai Board of General Surgery (1998)
- Diploma Thai Board of Plastic Surgery (2000)
Memberships
- Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgeons of Thailand
- Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgeons of Thailand
- Royal College of Surgeons of Thailand
- International Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery (ISAPS)
WORK AND EXPERIENCE
20 Years experience
- Medical Doctor Faculty of Medicine Chulalongkorn University, M.D.1986 – 1992.
- Department of Surgery Ranong City Hospital 1993-1995
- Residence Training Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery King Mongkutkhlao Hospital 1995-1998
- Residency Training Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital. 1998-2000.
- Division of Plastic Surgery Samutsakorn Hospital 2000-2008
- Division of Plastic Surgery Samutsakorn Hospital 2000-2008
- Plastic Surgeon PAI Clinic, Bangkok, Thailand. 2000-2012
- Cumulative cosmetic surgery cases over 20,000 cases
Dr.Theerapong Poonyakariyagorn
Dr.Theerapong Poonyakariyagorn, MD is the chief plastic surgeon at Interplast Clinic in Bangkok. He is certified by the Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgeons of Thailand and is an active member of the International Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery (ISAPS), the leading international body of board-certified plastic surgeons. He has devoted over 20 years to plastic surgery and has operated on patients from all over the world.
Education background
Doctor of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Thailand, 1992
TRAINING/SEMINAR
Specialty training
- Medical Doctor Faculty of Medicine Chulalongkorn University, M.D.1986 – 1992.
- Residency Training Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 1998-2000.
- Department of Surgery King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital
International training/Seminar
- China conference plastic surgeons 2002.
- OSAP meeting 2006, Shanghai, China.
- Art of Rhinoplasty 2006, San Francisco, USA.
- The Cutting Edge of Aesthetic Surgery Symposium 2011, New York, New York, USA
- The Cutting Edge of Aesthetic Surgery Symposium 2011, New York, New York, USA
- International Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery (ISAPS), 2014, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Marina Medical’s Gluteoplasty Workshop, 2015, San Jose, Costa Rica
- BBB 2016- Bottis’ Best Breast , 2016, Salo, Italy
- BBF 2017- Bottis’Best Face Interactive Facial Rejuvenation Course, 2017, Salo, Italy
- International Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery (ISAPS), 2016 , Kyoto, Japan
- The Forum of Adipose Tissue And Stem Cell Congress, 2017, Bangkok, Thailand
- Innovations And Challenges In Plastic And Aesthetic Surgery, 2017, Bangkok, Thailand
- International Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery (ISAPS), 2018, Florida, USA
DIPLOMA AND MEMBERSHIPS
Diploma
- Diploma Thai Board of General Surgery (1998)
- Diploma Thai Board of Plastic Surgery (2000)
Memberships
- Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgeons of Thailand
- Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgeons of Thailand
- Royal College of Surgeons of Thailand
- International Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery (ISAPS)
WORK AND EXPERIENCE
20 Years experience
- Medical Doctor Faculty of Medicine Chulalongkorn University, M.D.1986 – 1992.
- Department of Surgery Ranong City Hospital 1993-1995
- Residence Training Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery King Mongkutkhlao Hospital 1995-1998
- Residency Training Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital. 1998-2000.
- Division of Plastic Surgery Samutsakorn Hospital 2000-2008
- Division of Plastic Surgery Samutsakorn Hospital 2000-2008
- Plastic Surgeon PAI Clinic, Bangkok, Thailand. 2000-2012
- Cumulative cosmetic surgery cases over 20,000 cases
This page may feature information relating to various medical conditions, treatments, and healthcare services available in different countries. Please be advised that the content is provided for informational purposes only and should not be construed as medical advice or guidance. Please consult with your doctor or a qualified medical professional before starting or changing medical treatment.