Are you struggling with chronic pain, a degenerative disease, or a sports injury that won’t heal? Your body harbors an army of microscopic healers waiting to be unleashed. Stem cell therapy is an innovative medical treatment using the body’s cells to repair and regenerate damaged tissues.
But how much will it cost to access this potentially life-changing treatment? Drawing from Bookimed's global research and internal data analysis, this article examines treatment costs, pricing factors, and affordable destinations.
Key Takeaways
- 🌍 Average cost of stem cell therapy worldwide: $4,000 to $22,000.
- 🗽 United States: $20,000 - $50,000.
- 🏜️ Mexico: $3,500 - $15,000.
- 🌴 Colombia: $5,500 - $14,000.
- 🕌 Turkey: $2,000 - $15,000.
- 🛕 Thailand: $3,000 - $13,000.
- 🌺 Malaysia: $5,000 - $27,000.
- 💰 Factors affecting stem cell treatment costs include the patient’s condition, number of sessions, clinic location, doctor's expertise, stem cell type, and regulatory environment.
- 🛡️ Health insurance does not cover stem cell treatment unless it involves a bone marrow transplant for certain cancers, blood disorders, and immune system conditions.
Table of Contents
- Factors Affecting Stem Cell Therapy Cost
- Stem Cell Therapy Costs Worldwide
- What is Covered by the Stem Cell Therapy Cost?
- Is Stem Cell Therapy Covered by Insurance?
- FAQ
Factors Affecting Stem Cell Therapy Cost
The total cost of stem cell therapy is highly individual and depends on a combination of important factors, such as the patient's condition, treatment complexity, and the clinic's location. By evaluating how your situation fits into these factors, you can better understand what you might have to pay.
1️⃣ Type of condition
Conditions that require more complex stem cell treatments or higher doses of stem cells tend to be more expensive. For example, treating localized pain with a single stem cell injection may cost around $3,000, whereas treating neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinson's can range from $15,000 to $30,000 due to the complexity and higher cell dosage required.
2️⃣ Number of sessions and stem cell count
Patients may need multiple treatments (up to 6 sessions) to achieve the desired results, increasing the total cost of stem cell therapy. Each session involves a dose of stem cells, and the total number of stem cells administered varies based on individual medical conditions.
3️⃣ Clinic location
Treatment prices vary significantly depending on the geographic location. Clinics in the United States or Western Europe charge more due to higher operational costs. For example, clinics in the US may charge $25,000 for a treatment that might cost $10,000 in Mexico or Turkey.
4️⃣ Doctor’s expertise and clinic reputation
Stem cell clinics with highly experienced medical providers and a strong reputation charge higher fees. However, they reflect the quality and success rates of the treatments.
5️⃣ Type of stem cells
Adult stem cells, such as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), are less expensive to obtain and process. In contrast, embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are more costly due to regulatory hurdles and the complexity of their extraction. These stem cells are more versatile since they can become any cell type.
6️⃣ Regulatory environment
The regulatory framework in different countries can impact the treatment cost. In the US, stringent regulations might add $10,000 to $15,000 to the cost of stem cell treatment compared to countries with less regulatory burden.
💡Expert insight
"Additional treatments like exosomes or placenta implants can increase the overall cost. However, combining stem cells with these treatments enhances cell communication and hormonal balance, leading to faster therapeutic results."
— Dr. Isabella Bernaschina, Regenerative Medicine Specialist.
19.02.2025
🤩 Stem cells are the body’s master cells, capable of transforming into over 200 different cell types. They form the basis of all organs, tissues, blood, and the immune system. This versatility offers potential relief for a wide range of conditions, from spinal cord injuries to heart disease and neurodegenerative disorders like Parkinson's.
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Stem Cell Therapy Costs Worldwide
Stem cell therapy costs vary significantly worldwide. The average cost in the United States and Western Europe is between $20,000 and $50,000.
In contrast, stem cell therapy in countries like Mexico, Turkey, Colombia, Thailand, and Malaysia can be 40-90% more affordable. These countries offer high-quality medical care at a fraction of the cost due to lower operational expenses, favorable exchange rates, and less stringent regulatory environments. Additionally, these destinations further reduce costs through competitive pricing and comprehensive treatment packages.
You can compare approximate costs for stem cell therapy across the most popular countries below:
Country | Cost Range |
|---|---|
United States | $20,000 - $50,000 |
$3,500 - $15,000 | |
$5,500 - $14,000 | |
$2,000 - $15,000 | |
$3,000 - $13,000 | |
$5,000 - $27,000 |
❗The listed prices stem from offers provided by Bookimed's partner clinics. They may vary depending on the clinic and the patient's case.
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Bookimed is a free platform that helps you find hospitals and arrange treatment worldwide. Bookimed ensures you receive a transparent quote and organizes your medical trip without extra charges. We partner with 1,200+ clinics and 3,300+ doctors in 50 countries. Over 920,000 patients have used our service.
Stem Cell Therapy Cost in Mexico
The cost of stem cell therapy in Mexico ranges from $3,500 to $15,000, with the average cost around $6,500. Some treatments can be as affordable as $500 per injection.
🤔 Why Mexico?
- Cost-effective. Treatments in Mexico can be 40% to 90% cheaper than in the United States due to lower operational costs, reduced labor expenses, and favorable exchange rates.
- Regulatory framework. Overseen by COFEPRIS, Mexico's regulatory environment ensures high safety and quality standards for stem cell treatments.
- Accessibility. Mexico's proximity to the US, numerous international airports, and locations in popular tourist destinations make it an easily accessible and convenient choice for medical tourists.
💡Expert insight
"After extraction, the stem cells undergo rigorous testing at authorized laboratories. In Mexico, COFEPRIS, our FDA equivalent, oversees this process. The cells are thoroughly examined for 5 days to ensure safety and quality."
— Dr. Isabella Bernaschina, Regenerative Medicine Specialist.
19.02.2025
Below, you can check out some of the Bookimed’s Top Ranking Clinics. According to the Ranking Policy, Bookimed considers the number of patients, average review scores, success rates, the experience of the medical staff, and the speed of their response.
Cellular Hope Institute is a multi-specialty medical center located in Cancun, Mexico with 12 years of experience in providing immunology, rheumatology, sexology, aesthetic medicine and cosmetology treatments. The clinic offers a unique Stem cell therapy procedure, led by experienced doctor Maritza Novas. It has a 100% success rate for autistic cases and serves both adults and children from all over world. Patients praise the clinic for its friendly, knowledgeable staff and top-notch medical care. The offer includes a consultation with the doctor, 4* hotel and VIP transfers, and lasts for 1 day in the hospital and 1 day in the hotel.
- Leading in Mexico's regenerative medicine, the clinic boasts a dedicated stem cell bank and laboratory for comprehensive care.
- Home-based care ensures personalized and convenient stem cell therapy, enhancing patient comfort and privacy during treatment.
- Offering a high 80% success rate for detox retreats, the clinic demonstrates efficacy in treatments that complement stem cell therapy.
- Dr. Isabella Bernaschina is a certified regenerative medicine specialist with extensive experience in stem cell therapy and VIP patient care.
- The clinic's medical tourism services provide seamless experiences, including airport transfers and accommodations for international patients.
Latest review
| Stem Cell Therapy | $3750 - $6000 |
- As a leader in stem cell research in the United States, the clinic offers both autologous and allogeneic therapies for a variety of conditions.
- Patient testimonies highlight successful recoveries, indicating a high level of satisfaction with the stem cell treatments provided.
- Therapies target anti-aging, muscular injuries, and degenerative diseases, tailored with a focus on quality attention and service.
- Dr. Daniel Garza, with a diploma in Diabetology, is the Medical Director at the clinic, bringing a wealth of experience in patient care.
- Since 2017, Dr. Garza has been enhancing patient outcomes in metabolic control and emergency services at the clinic.
Latest review
🎙️ Watch our exclusive interview with regenerative medicine specialist Isabella Bernaschina at Medical Center Juventa. We have discussed the transformative power of stem cell therapy in treating chronic conditions, preventing limb loss, and even reversing the signs of aging.
Stem Cell Therapy Cost in Columbia
The cost of stem cell therapy in Colombia is between $5,500 and $14,000.
🤔 Why Colombia?
- Affordability. Colombia offers significant savings on stem cell therapy, often 20% to 70% cheaper than in the United States.
- Safety and quality standards. The Colombian Ministry of Health, through INVIMA, oversees the regulation of stem cell therapies through INVIMA, Colombia’s equivalent to the FDA.
- Pioneering application of stem cell therapy. According to Dr. Karolynn Halpert, a member of the American Board of Regenerative Medicine, there is a global lack of awareness about the therapeutic efficacy of stem cells. While most stem cell therapies are not FDA-approved in the US, Colombia is far more progressive. For instance, INVIMA was the first to approve a clinical trial using stem cells to treat COVID-19. Stem cell therapy in Colombia is viral among professional athletes and wrestlers for sports injury treatment.
REVIV is a private medical center in Medellín, Colombia, specializing in regenerative medicine, longevity health, and aesthetic treatments. The clinic provides solutions for chronic and age-related conditions using passage 3-4 stem cells with a replication factor of 12, offering higher potency than the passage 6 cells used by many competitors.
Operating in a certified facility, REVIV is accredited by the American Academy of Aesthetic Medicine, the International Society for Stem Cell Application, and The Joint Commission. Its medical professionals bring over 10 years of experience. REVIV treats both adults and children, serving hundreds of patients annually, with a strong presence among those from the USA, Canada, and Australia.
Hospital certificates and accreditation of quality
Latest review
| Stem Cell Therapy | $3500 - $45000 |
Stem Cell Therapy Cost in Turkey
The cost of stem cell therapy in Turkey ranges from $2,000 to $15,000, with an average price of around $8,000. Basic stem cell injections can be as affordable as $250 to $550 per injection.
🤔 Why Turkey?
- Package prices. Clinics in Turkey offer comprehensive treatment packages that include consultations, pre-surgery tests, the complete treatment course, follow-up care, accommodation, and transfers. These packages can range from $1,500 to $15,000 depending on their inclusions and treatment complexity. For instance, Medipol Mega University Hospital offers a stem cell treatment package for arthrosis at approximately $7,500.
- Affordable treatment. Stem cell treatment in Turkey is typically 50% to 90% cheaper than in the US.
- Wide range of treatments. Turkey offers stem cell therapies for conditions such as orthopedic injuries, neurological disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and autoimmune diseases.
- Stem cell research. The Council of the Turkish Academy of Sciences has established the "TÜBA Stem Cell Work Group," which includes members from various disciplines. This group monitors stem cell research and international regulations and collaborates with similar groups globally. Its efforts involve organizing studies, conferences, and seminars.
Medipol Mega University Hospital in Turkey is a leading multi-specialty medical institution, offering advanced technological treatments and medical care. Patients can trust the hospital's experts in cancer, neurological, cardiovascular, organ transplantation, bone marrow transplant and IVF procedures. The Arthrosis Stem cell treatment procedure is offered by Dr. Ahmet Murat Bülbül, an experienced orthopedician with 22+ years of experience. Patients can benefit from stem cell therapy in Turkey under the care of Dr. Bülbül and Medipol Mega University Hospital.
Patients have given highly positive reviews of the hospital and its staff. The coordinator Inga from the Bookimed platform was praised for her quick translation of medical documents into English and providing a choice of clinics specializing in the patient's problem. All in all, Medipol Mega University Hospital provides excellent care and treatments, including stem cell therapy in Turkey.
Hospital certificates and accreditation of quality
Latest review
| Stem Cell Therapy | $5000 - $10000 |
➜ Liv Hospital provides this therapy for orthopedic disorders treatment, rejuvenation, plastic and reconstructive surgery. The hospital has a certificate from the Turkish Ministry of Health, which permits cultivation, production, and use of stem cells for treatment.
➜ Liv is the 1st medical facility in Turkey to follow international standards by Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP), global system for controlling and ensuring the quality of products.
➜ Doctors achieve great results in facial and body filling with stem cells. 70% is a resorption rate of the artificial filling in comparison with the stem cell one.
➜ Women also choose Liv for stem cell breast reconstruction after cancer treatment and organ removal.
➜ Stem cell treatment cost at Liv mainly depends on the volume of the cells and injections. It is determined according to the patient's problem. Liv provides luxury services. That's why the cost of stem cell therapy is higher than in other Turkish clinics.
Hospital certificates and accreditation of quality
Latest review
| Stem Cell Therapy | $8500 |
Emsey Hospital is a multi-specialty private medical center in Turkey providing healthcare services in A+ Class level hospital with ISO and JCI accreditations. The hospital offers treatments in general medicine, surgical medicine, and internal medicine. Under the supervision of Professor Dr. Mehmet Aydogan, Emsey Hospital provides stem cell therapy in Turkey for various conditions. The facility has an Advanced Spine Surgery Center and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, with 45 beds. The hospital receives patients from all over the world with great reviews for its well-tuned system for a comfortable stay, examination, and treatment. All doctors in the international Internal Medicine section have the ability to speak good English.
Dr. Mehmet Aydogan is one of the top orthopedists and hip replacement surgeons in Turkey and beyond. He is also a highly-rated knee and shoulder replacement surgeon. The professor has 20 years of experience and speaks English making consultations with international patients comfortable. For more information about the stem cell therapy in Turkey offered by Emsey Hospital, please visit the website.
Hospital certificates and accreditation of quality
Latest review
| Stem Cell Therapy | $4000 - $8000 |
Stem Cell Therapy Cost in Thailand
Stem cell therapy in Thailand can cost from $3,000 to $13,000.
🤔 Why Thailand?
- Lower cost. Stem cell treatment in Thailand is 50% to 90% less expensive than in Western countries due to lower operational costs and a robust medical tourism industry.
- Experienced professionals. Thai doctors have nearly 30 years of experience in the field. The first use and research of stem cells in Thailand began in 1995 at the Faculty of Medicine at Siriraj Hospital, part of Mahidol University Medical School.
- Advantageous location. Thailand has a well-developed infrastructure, a favorable climate, and low living costs. The tropical climate attracts medical tourists with a relaxed recovery environment. The country’s excellent infrastructure, including modern airports and extensive transport options, facilitates easy access to medical facilities.
- Dr. Taveechai Taveecharoenkool achieved a fellowship of the Korean College of Cosmetic Surgery and Medicine.
- Rattinan Medical Center serves patients from over 50 countries annually.
- Included Services: Consultation with a surgeon.
Stem Cell Therapy Cost in Malaysia
The cost of stem cell therapy in Malaysia can range from $5,000 to $27,000. Although it is slightly more expensive than other destinations such as Mexico and Turkey, it can still guarantee 50% to 85% savings compared to US prices.
🤔 Why Malaysia?
- Regulatory environment. Multiple authorities oversee the regulation of cellular therapy products in Malaysia. The Ministry of Health Malaysia has guidelines for stem cell research and therapy and requires the review of clinical studies by an ethics committee. The National Pharmaceutical Regulatory Agency (NPRA) evaluates stem cell products for safety, efficacy, and quality.
- Comprehensive stem cell procedures. Malaysia actively participates in stem cell research and clinical trials. A prime example is Vita Medical Wellness Center, which uses multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from certified laboratories. The center offers treatments with up to 150 million cells. Its comprehensive packages include diagnostics, language assistance, and 5-star hotel accommodation for $20,000. The treatments are particularly effective in managing Parkinson's disease.
- Strategic location. Malaysia's strategic location in Southeast Asia makes it easily accessible from Europe, the Middle East, and the Asia-Pacific regions. Well-connected international airports facilitate travel. Additionally, the tropical climate provides a comfortable recovery environment.
What is Covered by the Stem Cell Therapy Cost?
The cost of stem cell therapy covers the following components necessary for the treatment:
- Initial consultation. An in-depth discussion with the stem cell doctor to understand the patient's condition and medical history.
- Medical evaluation and diagnostics. Blood tests, imaging studies (MRI, X-rays), and other relevant tests assess the patient's health and the extent of the condition.
- Stem cell harvesting. The extraction of stem cells from such sources as bone marrow, adipose tissue (fat), or umbilical cord blood.
- Laboratory processing. The harvested stem cells are processed and prepared in a laboratory to ensure they are viable and safe for injection.
- Stem cell injection therapy. Doctors can perform the procedure through direct stem cell injections, intravenous (IV) infusion, or intra-articular injections (into joints).
- Facility costs and doctors’ fees. The price covers the use of medical supplies and equipment, the sterile environment, and the doctor’s fee.
Treatment Packages
Clinics in countries like Mexico, Turkey, Colombia, and Thailand are major medical tourism hubs that attract international patients with comprehensive treatment packages. Aside from the usual components of stem cell therapy procedures, they can include the following perks:
- Accommodation. Packages may include stays at 4-star or 5-star hotels or selected apartments. They can also cover daily buffet breakfasts and other amenities.
- VIP transfers between the airport, hotel, and stem cell clinic.
- Additional therapies. These can include exosome therapy, proteome analysis, plasmapheresis, ozone therapy, peptides, colon hydrotherapy, Myers' cocktail, intravenous vitamin C, PRP (platelet-rich plasma), nutritional IV, antioxidants, and oxygen therapy.
- High-tech medical services. Examples include 3D surgical planning and simulation for orthopedic surgery and 3D-printed patient-specific surgical guides.
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💚Select stem cell clinics offer special discounts on their packages exclusively for Bookimed patients.
- Dr. Anna Lara is a member of the International Society for Stem Cell Application.
- Stem Solutions serves patients from Europe, the Commonwealth, Latin America, the USA, Canada, and Australia.
- Included services: Breakfast, hotel, consultation with a doctor, 4* hotel, transfer airport-hotel-clinic-airport.
- Stay info: 3 days stay in the hotel, included in the price.
- Treatment method: 50 million mesenchymal stem cell & exosomes treatment.
- Dr. Phatcharasak Kraisornphongsakul Md is board certified in plastic surgery since 2000.
- ID Clinic Bangkok achieves a 96% success rate for tummy tucking stem cell therapy.
- Included services: Preoperative tests, post-op medications, consultation with a doctor, video or text consultation, hotel, hospitalization + afterward hotel stay, transfer airport-hotel-clinic-airport.
- Dr. Isabella Bernaschina is certified by RCG, Mexico's leading medical community in regenerative medicine.
- Medical Center Juventa serves 500 patients annually from Europe, the Arab League States, and the USA.
- Included Services: Improve energy levels, consultation with a physician, apartments, VIP transfer.
- Stay Info: 3 days stay in the hotel, food not included, apartments included in the price.
- Method: Rheumatoid arthritis therapy with 100 million stem cells.
- Dr. Byung-hee Lee is a founding member of the Korean Society of Interventional Neurology.
- RE:YOUTH (YONSEI BH Arterial Stemcell Clinic) is the only Korean clinic specializing in arterial stem cell therapy.
- Included Services: Consultation with a doctor, angiography, VIP transfer.
- Rose Marie Phillip is a board-certified anesthesiologist and founder of Stem Cell Specialist NY.
- Stem Cell Specialist NY specializes in regenerative medicine and attracts patients from the USA, Canada, and Australia.
- Included Services: Relax, rejuvenate body and mind, consultation with a doctor, consultation with an anesthesiologist, 1 PRP session.
- Stay Info: 2 days hotel stay recommended; accommodation is not included in the price.
Is Stem Cell Therapy Covered by Insurance?
The innovative nature of stem cell therapy comes at a price, as it is still considered experimental. Consequently, most insurance companies do not cover stem cell therapy and instead recommend conventional treatments. Alternative therapies like platelet-rich plasma and other regenerative approaches are usually not covered by medical insurance either.
In the US, major insurance providers only cover FDA-approved stem cell treatments. The FDA has approved only the transplantation of bone marrow stem cells to treat specific blood cancers and immune system disorders.
However, clinical trials are underway in the USA to evaluate the effectiveness of stem cell treatments for various medical conditions. There is hope that as more evidence becomes available and regulatory frameworks evolve, medical insurance coverage will begin to cover stem cell therapy.
🤔 Looking into the transplantation of bone marrow stem cells? Check out Bookimed’s breakdown of global costs.
FAQ
Is stem cell therapy safe?
Stem cell therapy is minimally invasive and safe when conducted in regulated clinical settings by experienced professionals. Although the FDA has not yet approved stem cell therapies, studies, such as those conducted by Mayo Clinic, show only minor side effects like headaches and musculoskeletal pain.
How effective is stem cell therapy?
Stem cell therapy is still a relatively new treatment, and research is underway both in the US and abroad to determine its efficacy for different diseases. It has already shown promising results in treating orthopedic conditions like osteoarthritis and spinal cord injuries. Recent research indicates stem cells can reduce chronic pain and improve motor function without significant side effects. Early studies also suggest potential benefits for neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinson's and Alzheimer's.
💡Expert insight
"Full results of stem cell therapy typically appear within 2 months, following the body’s natural regeneration cycle. After 2 months, we assess progress and decide if more treatment is necessary."
— Dr. Isabella Bernaschina, Regenerative Medicine Specialist.
19.02.2025
Is stem cell therapy ethical?
Ethical concerns primarily arise with the use of embryonic cells. A common misconception is that these cells come from aborted fetuses. In reality, these cells typically stem from embryos created in vitro for fertility treatments. Consenting couples donate them after they are no longer needed. These embryos would otherwise be discarded.
Furthermore, some believe that harvesting these cells destroys the embryo. While traditional methods do destroy the blastocyst, a small group of cells, new techniques can create stem cell lines without this destruction.
💡Expert insight
"In Mexico, using stem cells from aborted fetuses is illegal and unethical. We do not use such methods.
We utilize mesenchymal stem cells extracted from the placenta and Wharton’s jelly in the umbilical cord. These sources provide potent, young stem cells for our treatments."
— Dr. Isabella Bernaschina, Regenerative Medicine Specialist.
19.02.2025
Moreover, many therapies use adult stem cells, which do not involve any ethical issues.
What conditions can stem cell therapy treat?
Stem cell therapy has the potential to treat a wide range of conditions, including:
- Orthopedic issues: osteoarthritis, tendon injuries, and chronic pain in the back, knees, shoulders, or hips.
- Neurodegenerative diseases: Parkinson's and Alzheimer's.
- Cardiovascular and respiratory diseases: heart tissue repair, chronic heart failure, COPD.
- Autoimmune diseases: multiple sclerosis and lupus.
- Eye diseases: degenerative eye conditions like macular degeneration and retinitis pigmentosa.
- Autism (under research).
💆🏻♀️ Beyond medical treatments, stem cell therapy is also used for anti-aging and rejuvenation purposes. These treatments reduce aging effects by promoting tissue repair and regeneration and enhancing skin elasticity.
- Dr. Derya Bingol holds the European Board of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery Certificate.
- Db'est Clinic serves 600 patients annually, attracting visitors from Europe, Latin America, and the USA.
- Included services: Consultation with a plastic surgeon, regular transfer.
- Stay info: Accommodation is not included.
Where do stem cells come from?
Stem cells come from the following sources:
- Embryonic stem cells. Specialists extract these cells from 3 to 5-day-old embryos. They can become any cell type in the body, which makes them useful for regenerating or repairing diseased tissues and organs.
- Adult stem cells. Small quantities of stem cells exist in adult tissues like bone marrow and adipose tissue (fat). These cells have a more limited ability to differentiate. Bone marrow stem cells effectively treat certain blood disorders and cancers.
- Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Scientists can genetically reprogram adult cells to act like embryonic ones.
- Perinatal stem cells. Experts collect these cells from birth tissues (amniotic fluid and umbilical cord blood). They can differentiate into specialized cell types.
What should I consider when choosing a stem cell clinic?
- Reputation and reviews. Look for stem cell clinics with positive patient reviews and high ratings. Bookimed publishes all patient reviews to help you make an informed decision.
- Experience and qualifications. Ensure the medical team has extensive experience and specialized training in stem cell therapy. Look for certifications and memberships in professional organizations.
- Safety and regulations. Check if the stem cell clinic complies with local and international health regulations. Look for licenses and accreditations from recognized bodies like the Joint Commission International (JCI).
- Success rates. Inquire about the clinic’s success rates for the specific treatment you need. A reputable clinic should provide transparent information about its outcomes.
- Patient support services. Consider clinics that offer comprehensive support services, including pre-treatment consultations, post-treatment monitoring, and assistance with travel and accommodation.
💚 Need assistance? Bookimed's coordinators can help you choose a clinic that meets all your needs and requirements.
What is the future of stem cell therapies?
The future of stem cell therapy is promising. Ongoing research and numerous clinical trials aim to expand its applications and improve efficacy. As more evidence becomes available and regulatory frameworks evolve, stem cell therapy is expected to become more widely accepted.
- Mayo Clinic. (2024). Stem cells: What they are and what they do. https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/bone-marrow-transplant/in-depth/stem-cells/art-20048117
- Mayo Clinic. Clinical Trials: Stem Cell Therapy. https://www.mayo.edu/research/clinical-trials/tests-procedures/stem-cell-therapy/
- Association for the Advancement of Blood & Biotherapies. Regulatory for Cellular Therapies. https://www.aabb.org/regulatory-and-advocacy/regulatory-affairs/regulatory-for-cellular-therapies
- Mayo Clinic. (2024). Study finds stem cell therapy is safe and may benefit people with spinal cord injuries. https://www.mayoclinic.org/medical-professionals/neurology-neurosurgery/news/study-finds-stem-cell-therapy-is-safe-and-may-benefit-people-with-spinal-cord-injuries/mac-20567444
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology. (2023). The Use of Stem Cells as a Potential Treatment Method for Selected Neurodegenerative Diseases: Review. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10333383/
- California Institute for Regenerative Medicine. (2016). Myths and Misconceptions About Stem Cell Research. https://www.cirm.ca.gov/myths-and-misconceptions-about-stem-cell-research/
- Stem Cell Research & Therapy. (2023). Stem cell therapy for inherited retinal diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10557171/
- CNN Health. (2023). Stem cell therapy may reduce risk of heart attack and stroke in certain heart failure patients, study shows. https://edition.cnn.com/2023/02/27/health/cell-therapy-heart-failure-patients-study/index.html