Best Ankle Arthroscopy orthopedists: TOP 80 doctors

Experience

2022

Private Nisa Hospital

2022 - 2022

American Hip Institute Chicago, USA

2018 - 2022

Health Sciences University Bağcılar Training and Research Hospital

2016 - 2018

Erzincan Mengücek Gazi Training and Research Hospital

2015 - 2015

Helios Endo Clinic, Hamburg, Germany

2015 - 2015

UPENN Sports Medicine Center, Philadelphia, USA

Education

2021

ISTANBUL UNIVERSITY ISTANBUL FACULTY OF MEDICINE, Department of Sports Medicine, Football Medicine

2016

Health Sciences University, Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology

2009

ISTANBUL UNIVERSITY, FACULTY OF MEDICINE

Assoc. Prof. Ozgur Cicekli

Education :

Bachelor's Degree: 1998-2005 - School Of Medicine (english), Hacettepe University
Residency Education Ankara Atatürk Educatıon And Research Hospital
2005 – 2010 - Orthopedıcs And Traumatology Clınıc
Title Of Associate Professor: 2019 Sakarya Unıversıty Educatıon And Research Hospıtal

Biography :

2005 – 2010 - Resıdency, Atatürk Teaching And Research Hospital, Ankara
2011-2012 – Mılıtary Servıce, Samsun Mılıtary Hospıtal
2012 – 2015 – Conscrıptıon, Şanlıurfa Mehmet Akif Inan Educatıon And Research Hospıtal
2015-2020 Ministry Of Health Sakarya University Training And Research Hospital
2020 – Adatip Sakarya Hospital

Area of Specialty :

Areas Of Focus
Sports Injuries And Surgeries
Joint Preserving Surgery
Arthroplasty
Orthopedic Traumatology

Memberships :

1. 2018, Member, Turkish Society Of Sports Injuries, Arthroscopy And Knee Surgery
2. 2014, Memberi Turkish Orthopedics And Traumatology Training Council (totek)
3. 2012, Member, Federation Of Turkish Society Of Orthopedics And Traumatology (totbid)

Congress :

Letters/articles/publications
A. Articles Published In International Peer-review Journals:
A.1 Çiçekli Özgür, Dogan Metin (2018). Evaluation Of Surgical Outcome In Advanced Age Patients With Developmental Hip Dysplasia. International Journal Of Surgery, 52, 44-49., Doi:
10.1016/j.ijsu.2015.02.020, (control No: 4920803)
A.2 Çiçekli Özgür,topçu Hüseyin Nevzat,kochai Alauddin,sükür Erhan,türker Mehmet
(2019). Comparison Of Suprapatellar And Infrapatellar Tibial Nailing: More Anatomic Entry Point And
Fracturereduction Via The Suprapatellar Approach. International Journal Of Clinical And Experimental
Medicine, 12(1), 804-811., Doi: Ijcem0082501, (control No: 4840087)
A.3 Çiçekli Özgür,özdemir Güzelali,uysal Mustafa,biçici Vedat,bingöl Izzet (2016).
Percutaneous Cannulated Screw Fixation For Pediatric Epiphyseal Ankle Fractures. Springerplus,
5, (1) Doi: 10.1186/s40064-016-3623-1, (control No: 4920888)
A.4 Çiçekli Özgür,kochai Alauddin,sükür Erhan,basak Ali Murat,kurtoglu Alper,türkermehmet (2019). Suprapatellar Approach For Fractures Of The Tibia: Does The Fracture Level Matter?.
Joint Diseases And Related Surgery, 30(1), 10-16., Doi:
10.5606/ehc.2019.63487, (control No: 4919692)
A.5 Çiçekli Özgür, Bingöl Izzet,tepe Nermin,akgül Turgut,çiçekli Esen, Atbinici
Hasan,arslan Arslan Kagan (2016). Neuromuscular Functional Changes Of The Quadriceps After Acl Reconstruction. West Indian Medical Journal, Doi: 10.7727/wimj.2015.558,
(control No: 4892448)
A.6 Özdemir Güzelali, Çiçekli Özgür, Akgül Turgut, Zehir Sinan, Ferit Yücel, Eskin Deniz
(2014). The Results Of Autologous Bone Graft And Titanium Headless Cannulated Compression Screw For Treatment Of Scaphoid Nonunion. Turkish Journal Of Trauma And Emergency Surgery, 20(3),
199-204., Doi: 10.5505/tjtes.2014.92255, (control No: 4866486)
A.7 Özdemir Güzelali, Akgül Turgut, Çiçekli Özgür, Yilmaz Baris, Atbinici Hasan, Yücel Ferit (2017). Lunatum Excision And Scaphocapitate Arthrodesis In Kienböck's Disease. Journal Of Orthopaedic Surgery, 25(1), Doi: 10.1177/2309499017692704, (control No: 4866032)
A.8 Kochai Alauddin, Türker Mehmet, Çiçekli Özgür, Özdemir Ugur, Bayam
Levent, Erkorkmaz Ünal, Sükür Erhan (2018). A Comparative Study Of Three Commonly Used Fixation Techniques For Isolated Medial Malleolus Fracture. Joint Diseases And Related Surgery,
29(2), 104-109., Doi: 10.5606/ehc.2018.61449, (control No: 4866101)
A.9 Sükür Erhan, Akar Abdülhalim, Topçu Hüseyin Nevzat, Çiçekli Özgür, Kochai
Alauddin, Türker Mehmet (2018). The Effect Of N-acetylcysteine On Mechanical Fatigue Resistance Of Antibiotic-loaded Bone Cement. Journal Of Orthopaedic Surgery And Research, 13,
Doi: 10.1186/s13018-018-0843-9, (control No: 4866136)
A.10 Akgül Turgut, Zehir Sinan, Özdemir Güzelali, Yücel Ferit, Türk Abdulkadir, Çiçekli
Özgür (2014). The Results Of Low Profile Locking Anatomical Plate Application For The Treatment Of Edinburg Type 2 Clavicle Diaphysis Fractures. Turkish Journal Of Trauma And Emergency Surgery, 20(4), 286-290., Doi: 10.5505/tjtes.2014.88303, (control No: 4866478)
A.11 Sükür Erhan, Akar Abdülhalim, Uyar Ahmet Çagri, Çiçekli Özgür, Kochai
Alauddin, Türker Mehmet, Topçu Hüseyin Nevzat (2018). Vacuum-assisted Closure Versus Moist Dressings In The Treatment Of Diabetic Wound Ulcers After Partial Foot Amputation: A
Retrospective Analysis In 65 Patients. Journal Of Orthopaedic Surgery, 26(3), Doi:
10.1177/2309499018799769, (control No: 4866083)
A.12 Yalçin Muhammed Nadir, Bektaser Süleyman Bülent, Çiçekli Özgür, Dogan Metin
(2009). Bucket-handle Tear Of A Discoid Lateral Meniscus In A 6-year-old Girl. Acta Orthopaedica Et
Traumatologica Turcica, 43(6), 528-531., Doi: 10.3944/aott.2009.528, (control No: 4866457)
A.13 Yalçin Muhammed Nadir, Bektaser Süleyman Bülent, Çiçekli Özgür, Ugras
Serdar, Dogan Metin (2010). An Unusual Cause Of Recurrent Joint Effusions: Nonhemophilic
Hemosiderotic Synovitis Of The Knee. Acta Orthopaedica Et Traumatologica Turcica, 44(2), 162-
165, Doi: 10.3944/aott.2010.2240, (control No: 4866450)
B. Articles Published At Local Peer-review Journals:

B.1 Çiçekli Özgür (2019). Does Sleep Disturbance And Quality Of Life Improve After Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair?. Annals Of Medical Research, 26(4), 664-669., Doi:
10.5455/annalsmedres.2019.01.049, (control No: 4892204)
B.2 Sükür Erhan, Uyar Ahmet Çagri, Özdemir Ugur, Gökçen Hüseyin Bahadir, Çiçekli
Özgür, Topçu Hüseyin Nevzat (2018). Assessment Of Concordance Between Age Group And Etiology, Level And Revisions Of Amputations. Medeniyet Medical Journal, 33(1), 10-16., Doi:10.5222/mmj.2018.35002,

Certificate
Turkish Society Of Orthopedics And Traumatology-turksih Council Of Orthopedics And Traumatology Educaiton Board Test, Orthopedics And Traumatology Qualification Test, 2014, Ankara, Certificate,
14.09.2014 -26.10.2014 (national)

Course
Nice Shoulder Course, Shoulder Course, Covering Arthroscopic And Prosthetic Surgery. The Program Includes Lectures By Leading Shoulder Surgeons, Round Table Discussions, A Live Surgery Session And Workshops With Cadavers And Plastic Models., Nice, Course, 02.06.2016 -04.06.2016 (international)
2.
Ao Trauma Course- Advanced Principles Of Fracture Management, Ao Trauma Course- Advanced
Principles Of Fracture Management, Ankara, Course, 17.01.2015 -20.01.2015 (national)
3.
Ao Trauma Courses- Foot Ankle, Ao Trauma Courses- Foot Ankle Surgery, Graz, Kurs, 17.09.2014 -
19.09.2014 (international)
4.
Epos-bat Advanced Course, Current Concepts In The Management Of Pediatric Hip Disorders., Izmir,
Course, 06.09.2013 -07.09.2013 (international)
5.
Gazi Shoulder Arthroscopy Course, Shouler Arthroscopy Course, Ankara, Gazi University Hospital, Course
04.01.2013 05.01.2013 (national)
6.
Fracture Management During The Growth, Fracture Management During The Growth, Ao Trauma Courses, Graz, Course, 12.09.2010 -12.09.2010 (international)
7.
Ao Trauma Course Approach And Osteosynthesis, Ao Trauma Course Approach And Osteosynthesis (with Cadaver Dissections), Graz, Course, 08.09.2010 -12.09.2010 (international)
8.
Introductory Course With Cadaver Dissections, Introductory Course With Cadaver Dissections For Ao Travma-course Approaches And Osteosynthesis, Graz, Course, 07.09.2010 -07.09.2010 (international)
9.
Ao Trauma Course-principles In Operative Fracture Management, Ao Trauma Course-principles In Operative Fracture Management, Ankara, Course, 15.01.2010 -19.01.2010 (national)
10.
Ao Pediatric Trauma Course, Ao Pediatric Trauma Course, Izmir, Course, 18.04.2009 -19.04.2009 (national)
11.
2. Intramedular Nailing Course, Intramedular Nailing Course, 2009, İzmir, Course, 15.01.2009
18.01.2009 (national)
12.
Basic Sciences And Research School, Turkish Society Of Orthopedics And Traumatology-turksih Council Of Orthopedics And Traumatology Educaiton Orthopedics And Traumatology Basic Sciences And Research School, Turkish Society Of Orthopedics And Traumatology-turksih Council Of Orthopedics And Traumatology Educaiton Erzurum, Course, 27.02.2008-01.03.2008 (national)

Ph.D. Andrzej Suwara / Orthopedist 

Doctor Andrzej Suwara began his medical studies at the Medical University of Białystok. He obtained the title of Doctor of Medical Sciences after defending his PhD thesis in Neuropharmacology at the Medical University of Białystok.

Dr. Andrzej Suwara obtained specialization in Orthopedics and Traumatology of the Musculoskeletal System and thanks to this he started working at the Orthopedics Department of the district hospital in Starachowice. Then he started working in the Department of Traumatic Surgery of the Musculoskeletal System and Adult Orthopedics of the Independent Public Clinical Hospital. Prof. Adam Gruca in Otwock. Thanks to his knowledge and experience, he became the Head of the Traumatology and Orthopedics Department of the Praski Hospital in Warsaw and the Medical Director of this hospital.

His skills were appreciated thanks to international cooperation with prof. Derek McMinn, the creator and popularizer of hip joint capoplasty, and prof. Siegfried Hofmann, former head of the Orthopedics Clinic in Stolzalpe Austria.

Doctor Andrzej Suwara constantly improves his qualifications and participates in many training courses both in Poland and around the world. He completed specialized international training, including: at the University Hospital of Martin in Slovakia, BMI Edgbaston Hospital Birmingham in the UK, Keble College Oxford in the UK, Zimmer Institute in Denmark, Corin Academy in Germany, DePuy Synthes Instytute in Germany, American Academy of Orhopaedic Surgeons in Las Vegas, Tygerberg Department of Anatomy Stellenbosch University in South Africa and many others.

Dr. Aranda received his degree in Medicine and Surgery from the Universidad de Málaga in 1983. He specialized in traumatology and orthopedics at the Department of Traumatology and Surgical Orthopedics of the Instituto Dexeus, Barcelona between 1988 and 1993. under the direction of Dr. Villarrubias.

Throughout his medical practice, Dr.Aranda has worked in leading hospitals in Spain, participated in the medical support of the 1992 Olympics in Barcelona and was a traumatologist in the Federación Española de Motociclismo in the European and World Championships in the period 1982 - 1992.

Dr. Aranda currently concentrates his medical practice on the treatment of pathologies of the hip and foot at Hospital Quironsalud Marbella and is a traumatologist at the Sociedad Sportclinic Marbella, a member of the Spanish Society for Hip Surgery Secca.

Associate Professor Haluk Celik is a Turkish orthopedic surgeon with advanced experience in knee, hip and shoulder surgery, sports injuries, cartilage surgery, and regenerative treatments. He has a qualification certificate in Orthopedics and Traumatology and is a member of the Turkish Orthopedics and Traumatology Education Council. He is an active member of the Turkish Sports Injuries, Arthroscopy and Knee Surgery Association and Turkish Shoulder and Elbow Surgery associations.

Orthopedist-Traumatologist, Specialist in the knee, tendons and ligaments treatment

I am a graduate of the Faculty of Medicine of the Medical University in Warsaw. Since 2015, I have been a senior assistant at the Orthopedics and RheumoOrthopedics Clinic of the CMKP Hospital named after Prof. A. Gruca in Otwock, and since 2018 – a research assistant at the Medical Center for Postgraduate Education in Warsaw. I gained professional experience in domestic and foreign centers. I did internships and participated in numerous courses in Finland, the Netherlands, Germany, Italy and Great Britain. I speak Polish and English.

Main areas of my interest include mainly knee and hip replacements, complications after endoprostheses, periprosthetic infections, reconstructive procedures within the knee joint, including arthroscopic procedures and corrective osteotomies of the tibia (e.g. HTO, tibial tuberosity osteotomies), as well as surgical treatment of neuropathies: carpal tunnel syndrome, ulnar nerve syndrome. I am the author and co-author of numerous publications.

Professor Schabus is an Austrian specialist in arthroscopic and open joint reconstruction, osteosynthesis and artificial joint replacement, as well as ligament and meniscus surgery. He has been the team doctor for the Austrian Tennis Association and has authored over 400 scientific papers and lectures. He has a PhD in trauma and is a member of various privileged societies.

Education and Expertise

Istanbul University Istanbul Faculty of Medicine - 2010

İstanbul Metin Sabancı Baltalimanı Bone Diseases Training and Research Hospital – Orthopedics and Traumatology – 2016

Work experiences

Private Family Hospital

Private Atakoy Hospital

Sancaktepe Health Center

Baltalimanı Bone Diseases Training and Research Hospital

Diyarbakir Selahaddin Eyyubi State Hospital

Subjects He Is Competent And Interested In:

Knee Calcification

Knee pain

Meniscus Tear

Knee Ligament Injuries

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

Neck pain

Orthopedic Diseases

Shoulder Instability

Shoulder Dislocation

Shoulder pain

Meniscus

Recurrent Shoulder Dislocations

Hip and Knee Prosthesis

Studies, qualifications

• 1978 – 1984 – Semmelweis University of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Budapest
• 1989 – Orthopedic examination
• 1994 – Traumatology examination

Professional experience

• 1984 – 1987 – Budapest, Szent János Hospital, Orthopedic Trauma Department
• 1992 – 1993 – St. Pölten, Landeskrankenhaus Unfallchirurgie ( Prim. Dr. H. Hackstock )
• 1987 – – Metropolitan Municipality Uzsoki Street Hospital, Orthopedic Trauma Department

Fields of expertise, specializations

musculoskeletal surgery, endoprosthetics, sports surgery, arthroscopy

Professional, science activity

Education
• Theoretical and practical training of doctors at the Semmelweis University of Medicine, Budapest – from 1987 (in Hungarian, German)
• Teaching at postgraduate courses at the Haynal Imre Medical Education University and Semmelweis University, Budapest – from 2000
• Instructional courses and workshops of the Hungarian Arthroscopy Society instructor – from 2002
• XVII Nürnberger Arthroskopiekurs – lecturer, instructor, Nuremberg 1998
• Sportmedizinischer Seminar, Operationstechniken Knorpeldefekt – lecturer, instructor, Bad Tatzmannsdorf, Austria, 2000
• Arthroscopic Cadaver Practice”- instructor, Budapest 2004, 2005, 2006, 2008, Budapest

Scientific presentations: 65

Published articles, book chapters, manuscripts: 16

Courses, individual further training
• 1988 – Arthroscopy course – Budapest
• 1989 – Arthroscopy individual further training – Straubing (Dr. med. J. Eichorn)
• 1990 – Arthroscopy course – Budapest
• 1990 – AO Ostheosynthesis Workshop
• 1991 – Arthroscopy course – Budapest
• 1991 – Arthroscopic individual further training – OSEI
• 1996 – Arthroscopic individual further training – OSEI
• 1997 – ESSKA scholarship – Salzburg (Univ.- Prof. Dr. H. Resch)
• 1998 – The role of LMWH in the prevention of deep vein thrombosis, Barcelona
• 1999 – Hungarian Society of Traumatology scholarship – Innsbruck (Prof. KP Benedetto)
• 1999 – "Limits of transfusion" HIETE, Budapest
• 1999 – "Chest, abdominal injuries and emergency thoracic surgery symptoms" HIETE, Budapest
• 2001 – 4th Annual Insall Scott Kelly Institute Sports Medicine and Total Knee Symposium , New York, USA
• 2004 - "III. "Arthroscopic Cadaver Practice" shoulder basic and advanced course, Budapest
• 2004 – Eastern European Support Committee, Instructional Course, Budapest
• 2004 – Minimally invasive techniques in orthopedics II, Budapest
• 2005 – „ IV. "Arthroscopic Cadaver Practice" shoulder basic and advanced course, Budapest
• 2005 – Minimally invasive techniques in orthopedics III, Budapest
• 2006 – 12th ESSKA 2000 Congress and cadaver course, Innsbruck
• 2007 – 14th EFORT Instructional Course, Budapest
• 2008 – 1. European Society for Trauma and Emergency Surgery, advanced shoulder arthroscopy course, Budapest
• 2009 – EFORT Instructional Course, Budapest

Corporate memberships

• Hungarian Orthopedic Society
• Hungarian Society of Traumatologists
• Hungarian Arthroscopy Society: board member from 2003, secretary general 2007-2013, president 2013-
• Austrian Society of Traumatology

surgeon. Dr. Serdar Karaman graduated from İnönü University Faculty of Medicine. Subsequently, he completed his specialist training in Orthopedics and Traumatology at İnönü University. His previous experiences include Elbistan State Hospital and İnönü University. 

Areas of particular interest: Hand surgery, sports surgery, arthroplasty, cartilage injuries, pediatric orthopedics, foot and ankle surgery, arthroscopic surgeries, lengthening surgeries and pelvic fractures.



Scientific Publications

Articles Published in International Refereed Journals: 1. Which is more dangerous, earthquake, or the panic? Evaluation of the 24 January 2020 Elazig/Türkiye earthquake related musculoskeletal injuries. E Ergen, O Kaya, Ö Yılmaz, HU Özdeş, ÖC Batur, S Karaman, İ Güzel, .Ulus Travma Emergency Surgery Derg 28 (9), 1335-1339 2. The Clinical Results of Tendon Transfers in Patients with Ulnar Palsy. S Karaman, S Ekrem, K Ertem. Journal of Medical Case Reports and Reviews 5 (6), 1144- 1152 3. Clinical results of endoprosthetic reconstructions in metastatic and primary bone tumors. R Sevimli, S Karaman. Medicine Science 11 (1), 199-203 4. A Case of Glomus Tumor in an Unusual Localization of Hand. S Ekrem, S Karaman, K Ertem, H Köse. Clin Case Rep Int. 2020; 4 1198 5. Spontaneous extensor pollicis longus (EPL) tendon rupture after ironing. S Karaman, M Köroğlu, ZM Özdemir, K Ertem. Oral Presentations Presented at Annals of Clinical and Analytical Medicine 2020 National and International Congresses: 1. Medium and Long-Term Results of Patients to whom We Performed Microfracture for Knee Joint Cartilage Damage. Karaman S, Ergen E, Aslantürk O, Kılınç Ö. 30th National Turkish Orthopedics and Traumatology Congress, Antalya, Turkey, 9-14 November 2021. 2. Medium and Short-Term Results in Our Patients Treated with Reconstruction with Endoprosthesis After Resection for Malignant Bone Tumors. Sevimli R., Karaman S. Bone Joint 2021 Online Congress, Ankara, Turkey, 1 - 04 April 2021, p.82 3. Mid-Term Clinical Results of Surgical Treatment of Thumb Metacarpophalangeal Joint and Collateral Ligament Injuries. Karaman S., Ekrem S., Ertem K. 17th National Turkish Hand and Upper Extremity Surgery Congress, Turkey, 16 - 20 November 2020 4. Mid-Term Results of Surgical Treatment of Thumb Metacarpophalangeal Joint Collateral Ligament Injuries. Karaman S., Ekrem S., Ertem K., Aslantürk O. 17th National Turkish Hand and Upper Extremity Surgery Congress (ONLINE), Turkey, 16 - 20 November 2020 5. Evaluation of Mid-Term Functional Results of Our Patients Who Had Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair. Kilinç Ö., Ertem K., Ergen E., Karaman S. 17th National Turkish Hand and Upper Extremity Surgery Congress, Turkey, 16 - 20 November 2020 6. Retrospective Examination of Patients Treated Surgically Due to Carpal Bone Cyst. Karaman S., Ekrem S., Ertem K. 29th National Turkish Orthopedics and Traumatology Congress, Antalya, Turkey, 22 - 27 October 2019, vol.53, p.47 7. Streptococus Pneumonia in the Proximal Humerus in a Baby Presenting with Brachial Plexus Disorder Clinic Case Report of Osteomyelitis Due to Disease. Karaman S., Özdeş H. U., Gündüz E. 29th National Turkish Orthopedics and Traumatology Congress, Antalya, Turkey, 22 - 27 October 2019, vol.53, pp.152 8. Retrospective Examination of Mid-Term Results of Surgical Treatment of ThumbMmetacarpophalangeal JointCollateral Ligament Injuries. Karaman S., Ekrem S., Ertem K. 29th National Turkish Orthopedics and Traumatology Congress, Antalya, Turkey, 22 - 27 October 2019, vol.53, pp.139-140 9. Retrospective Examination of Patients Who Had Tendon Transfers Due to Ulnar Nerve Paralysis. Karaman S., Ekrem S., Ertem K. 29th National Turkish Orthopedics and Traumatology Congress, Antalya, Turkey, 22 - 27 October 2019, vol.53, p.139 10. Case Report of Radial Nerve Interference Between the Fracture Line in Supracondylar Humerus Fracture . Karaman S., Sağir A., Çoban İ., Sevimli R. 29th National Turkish Orthopedics and Traumatology Congress, Antalya, Turkey, 22 - 27 October 2019, vol.53, pp.147-148 11. Should We Have A Controlling Hip X-Ray In A Child Whom His Hip Ultrasonography Reported As Normal Previously? Ceylan M. F., Karaman S., Karakaplan M. 17th International Eastern Mediterranean Family Medicine Congress, Adana, Turkey 10 - 13 May 2018 12. Medico-Legal Examination Of Patients With Developmental Dysplasia Of Hip Treated Surgically Due To Late Diagnosis. Ceylan M. F., Karakaplan M., Karaman S. 17. 17th International Eastern Mediterranean Family Medicine Congress, Adana, Turkey, 10 - 13 May 2018 13. Does The Implemented "Developmental Dysplasia Early Screening Program" Reduced The Need For Surgical Treatment? Ceylan M. F., Karakaplan M., Karaman S., Kaya R. 17th international eastern mediterranean family medicine congress, Adana, Turkey, 10 - 13 May 2018 14. Shoulder Septic Arthritis Occurring In Newborn With Brachial Plexus Paralysis Clinic; Case Report Presentation. Yıldırım E, Karaman S. 16th National Congress of the Turkish Society for Surgery of the Hand and Upper Extremity and 5th National Congress of the Hand Therapist Society Abstract Supplement. May 6-9 2018, Pamukkale, Denizli, Turkey. Hand Microsurg 2018;7: Suppl1. P.47