Closed rhinoplasty
All specialties
Closed rhinoplasty
All specialties

Best Closed rhinoplasty surgeons: TOP 211 doctors

Content meets the Bookimed Editorial Policy and is medically reviewed by
Fahad Mawlood - General practitioner. Winner of 4 scientific awards. Served in Western Asia. Former Team Leader of a medical team supporting Arabic-speaking patients. Now responsible for data processing and medical content accuracy.
Orhan Babucçu
Plastic surgeon
31 years of experience
4.6
303 reviews
Turkey, Istanbul
Memorial Şişli Hospital

Orhan Babucçu

Plastic surgeon
31 years of experience

Dr. Orhan Babucçu is a highly experienced plastic, aesthetic and reconstructive surgeon with over 20 years of experience. He is especially skilled in tummy tucks, revision rhinoplasty, breast surgery, body contouring, genital aesthetic, chronic wound treatment, skin cancer and nose jobs. He is a member of several professional organizations and has completed training in microsurgery and medical specialization in Turkey and the US.

Read more

Dr. Orhan Babucçu is a highly experienced plastic, aesthetic and reconstructive surgeon with over 20 years of experience. He is especially skilled in tummy tucks, revision rhinoplasty, breast surgery, body contouring, genital aesthetic, chronic wound treatment, skin cancer and nose jobs. He is a member of several professional organizations and has completed training in microsurgery and medical specialization in Turkey and the US.

Read more
Murat Bilgin
Plastic surgeon
11 years of experience
4.1
60 reviews
Turkey, Istanbul
Kucukcekmece Hospital

Murat Bilgin

Plastic surgeon
11 years of experience
  • Türk Estetik Plastik Cerrahi Derneği Türk Plastik Rekonstrüktiv Cerrahi Derneği, Plastik, Rekonstrüktiv ve Estetik Cerrahlar Uluslararası Konfederasyonu, 
  • Avrupa Estetik Plastik Cerrahlar Derneği (ESPRAS), Uluslararası Estetik Plastik Cerrahlar Derneği (ISAPS) üyesi.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Read more
  • Türk Estetik Plastik Cerrahi Derneği Türk Plastik Rekonstrüktiv Cerrahi Derneği, Plastik, Rekonstrüktiv ve Estetik Cerrahlar Uluslararası Konfederasyonu, 
  • Avrupa Estetik Plastik Cerrahlar Derneği (ESPRAS), Uluslararası Estetik Plastik Cerrahlar Derneği (ISAPS) üyesi.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Read more
4.1
60 reviews
Doctor's visit price on request
Closed rhinoplasty $1500 - $2500
More treatments
Suleyman Hilmi Yilmaz
ENT doctor
18 years of experience
4.5
144 reviews
Turkey, Istanbul
Hisar Intercontinental Hospital

Suleyman Hilmi Yilmaz

ENT doctor
18 years of experience

Dr. Süleyman Hilmi YILMAZ is an assistant professor and M.D., born in 1981. He specializes in nasal congestion and nasal deformity, nasal polyposis, lacrymal gland obstructions, benign and malignant head and neck tumors, thyroid cancer, tonsil and adenoid diseases, adenoidectomy, tonsillectomy and ear tube placement, septal correction, endoscopic sinus surgery, visualization of middle ear and ossicles, and submandibular gland surgery. He is a member of the Turkish Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Association, Istanbul ENT-BCC Specialists Association, and Skull Base Association.

Read more

Dr. Süleyman Hilmi YILMAZ is an assistant professor and M.D., born in 1981. He specializes in nasal congestion and nasal deformity, nasal polyposis, lacrymal gland obstructions, benign and malignant head and neck tumors, thyroid cancer, tonsil and adenoid diseases, adenoidectomy, tonsillectomy and ear tube placement, septal correction, endoscopic sinus surgery, visualization of middle ear and ossicles, and submandibular gland surgery. He is a member of the Turkish Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Association, Istanbul ENT-BCC Specialists Association, and Skull Base Association.

Read more
Dr Safa Manav Md
Plastic surgeon
12 years of experience
4.7
9 reviews
Turkey, Istanbul
Dr. Safa Manav Clinic

Dr Safa Manav Md

Plastic surgeon
12 years of experience
Dr. Safa Manav is a Board Certified Plastic Surgeon known for his expertise in facial and breast procedures. His distinguished career is marked by several awards and international experience. An active member of the International Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery (ISAPS), Dr. Manav is highly respected in the global plastic surgery field.Read more
Dr. Safa Manav is a Board Certified Plastic Surgeon known for his expertise in facial and breast procedures. His distinguished career is marked by several awards and international experience. An active member of the International Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery (ISAPS), Dr. Manav is highly respected in the global plastic surgery field.
Read more
Ayse Oz
Plastic surgeon
19 years of experience
4.1
60 reviews

Ayse Oz

Plastic surgeon
19 years of experience
Turkey, Istanbul
Kucukcekmece Hospital
4.1
60 reviews
Doctor's visit price on request
Closed rhinoplasty $1500 - $2500
More treatments
Vlastimil Visek
Dermatologist
39 years of experience
4.3
23 reviews
Czech Republic, Prague
Altos Clinic

Vlastimil Visek

Dermatologist
39 years of experience

The doctor is a specialist in plastic surgery with postgraduate certifications in surgery and plastic surgery, a Candidate of Sciences degree, and a license for medical practice in surgery and plastic surgery. He has held head doctor positions in multiple private clinics, a health center, and a city district. The doctor has participated in internships and seminars in various countries and is the author and co-author of 45 scientific lectures and publications in Czech, Russian and English as well as hundreds of educational articles and written contributions. He is a member of multiple medical and surgical societies.

Read more

The doctor is a specialist in plastic surgery with postgraduate certifications in surgery and plastic surgery, a Candidate of Sciences degree, and a license for medical practice in surgery and plastic surgery. He has held head doctor positions in multiple private clinics, a health center, and a city district. The doctor has participated in internships and seminars in various countries and is the author and co-author of 45 scientific lectures and publications in Czech, Russian and English as well as hundreds of educational articles and written contributions. He is a member of multiple medical and surgical societies.

Read more
Burak Ergun Tatar
Plastic surgeon
7 years of experience
5.0
2 reviews
Turkey, Istanbul
Medipol Acibadem District Hospital

Burak Ergun Tatar

Plastic surgeon
7 years of experience

Education, Awards and Certifications

• Inter High School Project Competition, Third in Turkey, Using the activated carbon

obtained from waste batteries as ion and gas trap,Scientific and Technological

Research Council of Turkey (TUBİTAK)-2009

• Tokat Science High School – 2010

• Istanbul University School of Medicine(Graduted with distinction) – 2016

• Sarıyer State Hospital(Emergency Medicine) 2017

• Animal Research Certificate – January 2019

• Microsurgery Certificate- May 2019

• Medical statistics certificate- July 2019

• Bagcılar Research and Training Hospital, Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and

Aesthetic Surgery(Residency) 2017-2022

• Universita Campus Bio-Medico, Department of Plastic,Reconstructive and Aesthetic

Surgery Rome/Italy(Microsurgery Fellowship) 2022-

• Erzurum State Hospital,Erzurum/Turkey 2022-2024 

Medipol Acıbadem District Hospital  (Current)

Read more

Education, Awards and Certifications

• Inter High School Project Competition, Third in Turkey, Using the activated carbon

obtained from waste batteries as ion and gas trap,Scientific and Technological

Research Council of Turkey (TUBİTAK)-2009

• Tokat Science High School – 2010

• Istanbul University School of Medicine(Graduted with distinction) – 2016

• Sarıyer State Hospital(Emergency Medicine) 2017

• Animal Research Certificate – January 2019

• Microsurgery Certificate- May 2019

• Medical statistics certificate- July 2019

• Bagcılar Research and Training Hospital, Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and

Aesthetic Surgery(Residency) 2017-2022

• Universita Campus Bio-Medico, Department of Plastic,Reconstructive and Aesthetic

Surgery Rome/Italy(Microsurgery Fellowship) 2022-

• Erzurum State Hospital,Erzurum/Turkey 2022-2024 

Medipol Acıbadem District Hospital  (Current)

Read more
Ahmet Umut Yuvaci
Plastic surgeon
11 years of experience
5.0
29 reviews
Turkey, Istanbul
Istanbul Florence Nightingale Hospital

Ahmet Umut Yuvaci

Plastic surgeon
11 years of experience
Dr. Ahmet Umut Yuvaci is a specialist in plastic, reconstructive, and aesthetic surgery, known for a wide range of operations and contributions to research in his field.Read more
Dr. Ahmet Umut Yuvaci is a specialist in plastic, reconstructive, and aesthetic surgery, known for a wide range of operations and contributions to research in his field.
Read more
Eal Gur
Plastic surgeon
33 years of experience
4.4
139 reviews
Israel, Tel Aviv
Sourasky Medical Center (Ichilov)

Eal Gur

Plastic surgeon
33 years of experience
Dr. Eyal Gur is a plastic surgeon with over 30 years of experience, specializing in microsurgery and pediatric plastic surgery. He is an expert in a wide range of surgical procedures, including breast lift, facelift surgery, rhinoplasty, liposuction, tummy tuck, and breast reconstruction, among others. Dr. Gur has received several research grants and is a member of numerous professional organizations.Read more
Dr. Eyal Gur is a plastic surgeon with over 30 years of experience, specializing in microsurgery and pediatric plastic surgery. He is an expert in a wide range of surgical procedures, including breast lift, facelift surgery, rhinoplasty, liposuction, tummy tuck, and breast reconstruction, among others. Dr. Gur has received several research grants and is a member of numerous professional organizations.
Read more
Ergin Er
Plastic surgeon
30 years of experience
4.8
361 reviews
Turkey, Istanbul
Istanbul Aesthetic Plastic Surgery Center

Ergin Er

Plastic surgeon
30 years of experience

Dr. Ergin Er is a highly skilled plastic surgeon who has won numerous awards and has experience in facial and body plastic and aesthetic procedures. He is one of the best tummy tuck and nose job surgeons in the world and is a member of various medical organizations.

Read more

Dr. Ergin Er is a highly skilled plastic surgeon who has won numerous awards and has experience in facial and body plastic and aesthetic procedures. He is one of the best tummy tuck and nose job surgeons in the world and is a member of various medical organizations.

Read more
Before and After Pictures
Cem Altindag
Plastic surgeon
25 years of experience
4.7
67 reviews
Turkey, Istanbul
The Nose Aesthetic Clinic

Cem Altindag

Plastic surgeon
25 years of experience

Dr. Cem Altındağ is an Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery consultant surgeon who graduated from Istanbul University in 1989. He has completed several observerships, honoray consultancies, courses, and meetings in various countries such as USA, Austria, Germany, UK, Portugal, Netherlands, Italy, and France. He is also a member of the European Rhinoplasty Society.

Read more

Dr. Cem Altındağ is an Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery consultant surgeon who graduated from Istanbul University in 1989. He has completed several observerships, honoray consultancies, courses, and meetings in various countries such as USA, Austria, Germany, UK, Portugal, Netherlands, Italy, and France. He is also a member of the European Rhinoplasty Society.

Read more
Leyla Arvas
Plastic surgeon
26 years of experience
4.4
58 reviews
Turkey, Istanbul
Quartz Hospital

Leyla Arvas

Plastic surgeon
26 years of experience

Dr. Leyla Arvas is a Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery specialist who has studied microsurgery and laser treatments in Taiwan, Tokyo, and Barcelona. She has performed aesthetic operations in private offices, hospitals, and clinics, specializing in Rhinoplasty, Bepharoplasty, Face Lifts, Liposuction, Breast Lift-Augmentation-Reduction, and Tummy Tuck procedures. She is experienced in VASER and LASER liposuction technologies and High Definition Liposculpturing.

Read more

Dr. Leyla Arvas is a Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery specialist who has studied microsurgery and laser treatments in Taiwan, Tokyo, and Barcelona. She has performed aesthetic operations in private offices, hospitals, and clinics, specializing in Rhinoplasty, Bepharoplasty, Face Lifts, Liposuction, Breast Lift-Augmentation-Reduction, and Tummy Tuck procedures. She is experienced in VASER and LASER liposuction technologies and High Definition Liposculpturing.

Read more
4.4
58 reviews
Doctor's visit price on request
Closed rhinoplasty $2800 - $5000
More treatments
Gürhan Özcan
Plastic surgeon
41 years of experience
4.8
361 reviews
Turkey, Istanbul
Istanbul Aesthetic Plastic Surgery Center

Gürhan Özcan

Plastic surgeon
41 years of experience

Dr. Gürhan Özcan is a highly experienced plastic surgeon in Turkey with over 35 years of experience. He specializes in nose, eyelid, breast, and abdominal surgeries and is an expert in tummy tuck and revision rhinoplasty. He is a founding chairman of the Department of Plastic Surgery at Başkent University Faculty of Medicine and is a member of the Turkish Society of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery (TSAPS), European Association of Plastic Surgeons (ESPRAS) and European Board of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery (EBOPRAS).

Read more

Dr. Gürhan Özcan is a highly experienced plastic surgeon in Turkey with over 35 years of experience. He specializes in nose, eyelid, breast, and abdominal surgeries and is an expert in tummy tuck and revision rhinoplasty. He is a founding chairman of the Department of Plastic Surgery at Başkent University Faculty of Medicine and is a member of the Turkish Society of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery (TSAPS), European Association of Plastic Surgeons (ESPRAS) and European Board of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery (EBOPRAS).

Read more
Yavuz Selim Yildirim
Plastic surgeon
17 years of experience
4.5
144 reviews
Turkey, Istanbul
Hisar Intercontinental Hospital

Yavuz Selim Yildirim

Plastic surgeon
17 years of experience

Dr. has a Master's Degree in Hospital and Health Institution Management and has worked in many institutions, such as the Ministry of Health Haseki Training and Research Hospital and Bezmialem University. He has attended many international conferences and won awards, and has research papers published. His fields of expertise include Nose Aesthetics, Cochlear Implant, Hearing Losses, Ear Infections, Balance Disorders, Nasal Allergies, Nasal Polyposis, Cancer Surgery, Facial Plastic Surgery, Voice Disorders, Thyroid Nodules, Sinusitis, Endoscopic Sinus Surgery, Tonsil and Adenoid Diseases and Snoring, Sleep Apnea Surgery. He has had international experiences in the US at Johns Hopkins University, Harvard University, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Tufts University, and Cleveland Clinic.

Read more

Dr. has a Master's Degree in Hospital and Health Institution Management and has worked in many institutions, such as the Ministry of Health Haseki Training and Research Hospital and Bezmialem University. He has attended many international conferences and won awards, and has research papers published. His fields of expertise include Nose Aesthetics, Cochlear Implant, Hearing Losses, Ear Infections, Balance Disorders, Nasal Allergies, Nasal Polyposis, Cancer Surgery, Facial Plastic Surgery, Voice Disorders, Thyroid Nodules, Sinusitis, Endoscopic Sinus Surgery, Tonsil and Adenoid Diseases and Snoring, Sleep Apnea Surgery. He has had international experiences in the US at Johns Hopkins University, Harvard University, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Tufts University, and Cleveland Clinic.

Read more
Gülsüm Çebi
Plastic surgeon
16 years of experience
4.6
303 reviews
Turkey, Istanbul
Memorial Şişli Hospital

Gülsüm Çebi

Plastic surgeon
16 years of experience

Dr. Gülsüm Çebi is a highly experienced aesthetic, plastic, and reconstructive surgeon at Memorial Şişli Hospital in Istanbul, Turkey, specializing in skin diseases, hair loss, deviated nose, cleft palate, and revision rhinoplasty. She has completed advanced training in plastic surgery, microsurgery, and craniomaxillofacial surgery, and is a member of the Turkish Emergency Hand Surgery and Microsurgery Association.

Read more

Dr. Gülsüm Çebi is a highly experienced aesthetic, plastic, and reconstructive surgeon at Memorial Şişli Hospital in Istanbul, Turkey, specializing in skin diseases, hair loss, deviated nose, cleft palate, and revision rhinoplasty. She has completed advanced training in plastic surgery, microsurgery, and craniomaxillofacial surgery, and is a member of the Turkish Emergency Hand Surgery and Microsurgery Association.

Read more
Selman Sarica
Facial plastic surgeon
18 years of experience
4.5
144 reviews
Turkey, Istanbul
Hisar Intercontinental Hospital

Selman Sarica

Facial plastic surgeon
18 years of experience

Assoc. Prof. Selman SARICA, M.D. is an experienced Otorhinolaryngologist with expertise in Otology, Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, Snoring Surgery, Benign and Malignant Head and Neck Tumors, Laryngology, Functional Nasal Surgeries, Endoscopic Sinus Surgery, Thyroid Surgery, and Salivary Gland Diseases. He has a medical degree from Istanbul University Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine and an expertise from Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University Department of Otorhinolaryngology. He is an Associate Professor of Medicine at the same university.

Read more

Assoc. Prof. Selman SARICA, M.D. is an experienced Otorhinolaryngologist with expertise in Otology, Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, Snoring Surgery, Benign and Malignant Head and Neck Tumors, Laryngology, Functional Nasal Surgeries, Endoscopic Sinus Surgery, Thyroid Surgery, and Salivary Gland Diseases. He has a medical degree from Istanbul University Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine and an expertise from Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University Department of Otorhinolaryngology. He is an Associate Professor of Medicine at the same university.

Read more
Ilker Manavbaşı
Plastic surgeon
23 years of experience
4.6
16 reviews
Turkey, Istanbul
Dr. Ilker Manavbasi's Clinic

Ilker Manavbaşı

Plastic surgeon
23 years of experience

Dr. İlker Manavbaşı is a Turkish specialist in functional nasal surgery, facial rejuvenation surgery, mega liposuction and breast surgery. He graduated from Ankara University in 1999 and Hacettepe University in 2005. Dr. İlker is a member of the Istanbul Medical Chamber, Turkish Society of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Aesthetic Plastic Surgery Association, and Rhinoplasty Society. He has developed two techniques to obtain the ideal nose with a single operation and presented them at the Symposium on Plastic Surgery in Italy in 2008.

Read more

Dr. İlker Manavbaşı is a Turkish specialist in functional nasal surgery, facial rejuvenation surgery, mega liposuction and breast surgery. He graduated from Ankara University in 1999 and Hacettepe University in 2005. Dr. İlker is a member of the Istanbul Medical Chamber, Turkish Society of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Aesthetic Plastic Surgery Association, and Rhinoplasty Society. He has developed two techniques to obtain the ideal nose with a single operation and presented them at the Symposium on Plastic Surgery in Italy in 2008.

Read more
Before and After Pictures
4.6
16 reviews
Doctor's visit price on request
Closed rhinoplasty $3644.5
More treatments
Javier Herrero Jover
Plastic surgeon
44 years of experience
4.7
403 reviews
Spain, Barcelona
Centro Médico Teknon

Javier Herrero Jover

Plastic surgeon
44 years of experience

Dr. Javier Herrero Jover is a board-certified plastic surgeon with over 30 years of experience specializing in rhinoplasty, breast enlargement, body contour surgery, facial rejuvenation and reconstructive surgery. He is the founder and head of the Herrero Jover Médicos Center in Teknon Hospital and is the president of the Mediterranean Institute of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery (MICARS). He also holds a degree in general medicine and surgery from the University of Barcelona and a specialty in plastic surgery from the Clinic of the Universidade Federal Fluminense (Brazil).

Read more

Dr. Javier Herrero Jover is a board-certified plastic surgeon with over 30 years of experience specializing in rhinoplasty, breast enlargement, body contour surgery, facial rejuvenation and reconstructive surgery. He is the founder and head of the Herrero Jover Médicos Center in Teknon Hospital and is the president of the Mediterranean Institute of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery (MICARS). He also holds a degree in general medicine and surgery from the University of Barcelona and a specialty in plastic surgery from the Clinic of the Universidade Federal Fluminense (Brazil).

Read more
Tayfun Apuhan
Plastic surgeon
26 years of experience
4.5
144 reviews
Turkey, Istanbul
Hisar Intercontinental Hospital

Tayfun Apuhan

Plastic surgeon
26 years of experience

The doctor specializes in ear infections and repair of the tympanic membrane, as well as other procedures such as rhinoplasty, septorhinoplasty, adenoidectomy, tonsillectomy, placement of ventilation tube, snoring, sleep apnea surgery, vocal cord nodules, cysts, polyps, edema, laryngoscopy, MLS, laryngectomy, cervical lymph node dissection, neck dissection, head and neck tumor surgery, reconstruction, and microlaryngosurgery. He has an undergraduate degree from Inonu University and has trained at several institutions including Abant Izzet Baysal University, the University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Gazi University, and the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center. He has worked at private hospitals and health centers in Istanbul and Malatya.

Read more

The doctor specializes in ear infections and repair of the tympanic membrane, as well as other procedures such as rhinoplasty, septorhinoplasty, adenoidectomy, tonsillectomy, placement of ventilation tube, snoring, sleep apnea surgery, vocal cord nodules, cysts, polyps, edema, laryngoscopy, MLS, laryngectomy, cervical lymph node dissection, neck dissection, head and neck tumor surgery, reconstruction, and microlaryngosurgery. He has an undergraduate degree from Inonu University and has trained at several institutions including Abant Izzet Baysal University, the University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Gazi University, and the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center. He has worked at private hospitals and health centers in Istanbul and Malatya.

Read more
Esra Tustas Haberal
Obstetrician-gynecologist
27 years of experience
4.5
144 reviews
Turkey, Istanbul
Hisar Intercontinental Hospital

Esra Tustas Haberal

Obstetrician-gynecologist
27 years of experience

Dr. X was born in 1974 and graduated from Istanbul University's Istanbul School of Medicine in 1997. She has won awards for her work and has participated and presented at numerous national and international congresses. She specializes in Supervision of Pregnancy and Delivery, Supervision of high-risk pregnancy, Diagnosis and Treatment of Urinary Incontinence, Infertility, Laparoscopic Surgery, Hysteroscopic Surgery, Pelvic floor surgery, and Genital Aesthetic Surgery. She has worked at Delta Hospital, Çengelköy Ülkü Hospital, and Umraniye Training and Research Hospital.

Read more

Dr. X was born in 1974 and graduated from Istanbul University's Istanbul School of Medicine in 1997. She has won awards for her work and has participated and presented at numerous national and international congresses. She specializes in Supervision of Pregnancy and Delivery, Supervision of high-risk pregnancy, Diagnosis and Treatment of Urinary Incontinence, Infertility, Laparoscopic Surgery, Hysteroscopic Surgery, Pelvic floor surgery, and Genital Aesthetic Surgery. She has worked at Delta Hospital, Çengelköy Ülkü Hospital, and Umraniye Training and Research Hospital.

Read more
This page may feature information relating to various medical conditions, treatments, and healthcare services available in different countries. Please be advised that the content is provided for informational purposes only and should not be construed as medical advice or guidance. Please consult with your doctor or a qualified medical professional before starting or changing medical treatment.