| Turkey | Austria | Spain | |
| Rubber band ligation of hemorrhoids | from $400 | from $800 | from $750 |
| Rectal Bleeding Surgery | from $1,500 | from $5,000 | from $3,500 |
| Hemorrhoid Therapy | from $1,200 | from $2,500 | from $1,700 |
General and Digestive System Surgeon. Focus on minimally invasive colorectal, proctologic, and abdominal wall surgery. Associate Head, Infanta Elena University Hospital (2021–). Associate Surgeon, Fundación Jiménez Díaz (2013–).
Accreditations: PhD in Surgery, summa cum laude (UAM). Certified in robotic surgery (Da Vinci X/Xi/5). Advanced training in laparoscopic general surgery (IRCAD, Strasbourg). Specialist in General and Digestive Surgery (Fundación Jiménez Díaz).
Achievements: Researcher (2013–). Author of a patent for an abdominal wall prosthetic implantation system (2021). Co‑author of the Rectal Obturator utility model (2021). Peer reviewer, International Journal of Surgery Case Reports (2024–). Thesis tutor (2023–). Publications in Cirugía Española, Experimental Biology and Medicine, Histology and Histopathology, and The American Journal of Surgery. Member of AEC, AECP, and ICOMEM.
Dr. Xavier Centeno has performed over 900 hemorrhoid treatments – he's a leader in colorectal surgery at Centro Médico Teknon.
Dr. César Lévano Linares is a specialist in general and digestive surgery. He works at Rey Juan Carlos University Hospital and Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital. He is recognized for his work in laparoscopic colorectal surgery.
He holds a PhD in Medicine and Surgery from the Autonomous University of Madrid. He completed a master’s in colorectal and pelvic floor surgery at the University of Zaragoza. He also holds a diploma in laparoscopic surgery from Louis Pasteur University in Strasbourg. He has European accreditation in laparoscopic surgery (EACCME).
His research covers bilateral retroperitoneal hibernoma and conversion from primary endoluminal endoscopic surgery to laparoscopic gastric bypass.
Dr. Antonio Alcaraz is a Spanish uro-oncologist and transplantologist with over 30 years of experience and 500 successful operations, specializing in the treatment of prostate cancer, kidney, bladder, and other urogenital system pathologies using minimally invasive and robotic systems, as well as congenital pathologies in children. He is a member of several prestigious urological societies.