Best Clinics and Costs for Weight Loss Surgery in Turkey 2024

What should I know about weight loss operation?

A weight loss surgery, or bariatric surgery, is a procedure for losing weight and improving any medical conditions that impact a patient's health and life quality. It helps them to struggle with issues both physical and mental by getting rid of excessive weight and becoming more confident.

This type of surgery works by changing the stomach size to reduce the amount of food a person can eat to feel fuller soon. It also changes the digestive process, reducing appetite and thus improving fat metabolism.

The surgery lowers the weight, affecting metabolism and hunger signals. Thus, positive lifestyle changes like training and diet can significantly impact body weight and overall health.

What about sleeve gastric surgery? The slimming rate is about 80% for overweight people. Most of the weight loss happens in the first six months. This surgery typically results in 25 to 35% body weight loss or 50 to 70 % excess fat loss from a baseline starting point.

Most patients can experience significant weight loss of 8 to 16 lbs (3.6 - 7 kg) monthly. In the first 30 days, most people meet or exceed the average monthly weight loss after gastric sleeve in Turkey. On average, patients lose about 5 pounds (or 2 kg) a week.

In three months, it's possible to lose, on average, 25-35% of your excess weight, about 30 to 40 pounds (13-18 kg).

Speaking about gastric banding, you can lose fewer kilos than with other fat loss surgeries. The average rate is about 40% of excess weight over two years. Results can vary, depending on how much you change your habits. It could translate to such results for someone with significant excess weight - from 20 to 40 kilos or more.

The expected weight loss ratio after bariatric surgery can vary from person to person. Several points may influence it, including the type of surgery, the patient's pre-surgery weight, your commitment to post-surgery lifestyle changes, and individual factors.

Depending on the initial weight, a patient can gradually lose from 0.5 kg to 2 kg per week. The pace of slimming is consistent in the first months after bypass and sleeve surgeries, losing around 1-2 kg per week. Most individuals achieve their goal weight within 9-12 months.

After gastric bypass surgery, a patient typically loses around 1-2 kg per week, around 17% of their excess body weight during the first month.

Weight reduction procedure is the most successful long-term treatment for class III obesity, preventing different metabolic diseases related to obesity. The success rate of bariatric surgery is around 90%, as many people lose 50% of their excessive weight.

What about weight loss operation in Turkey? It's a fact that excessive weight is quite widespread in Turkish society. It makes Turkey a country with one of the highest rates of obesity. According to the Ministry of Health database, 41% of women and 20.5% of men in Turkey suffer from excessive weight.

Why do patients worldwide choose Turkey for weight loss?

Global medical tourism is an immense industry with billions of income. At the same time, Turkey has an annual growth rate of 22.6 percent. Due to the increasing popularity of medical tourism, the Ministry of Health in Turkey assigned the government to expand medical tourism, implementing initiatives to grow the industry.

The quality of the Turkish hospitals has improved, receiving Joint Commission International (JCI) accreditation, an internationally recognized quality healthcare index.

The main reason for choosing Turkey for bariatric surgery is its cost-effective services. The country offers a lower price rate for bariatric procedures than the Western countries.

In Turkey, the average cost of weight loss operation, such as gastric sleeve surgery or gastric bypass, ranges from $3,000 to $3,500. It includes comprehensive packages that cover pre-operative tests, hospital stays, and sometimes even post-operative care and accommodations. Compared to Western countries, patients can save up to 50-70% on procedures like gastric sleeve or gastric bypass.

While in many European countries, the cost is considerably higher. For example, in the UK or Germany, the price for similar procedures can range from $10,000 to $20,000 or even more. Gastric sleeve surgery abroad costs at least two times more than in Turkey.

European countries:

• UK: $10,000 to $20,000

• Germany: $11,000 to $22,000

• France: $11,000 to $22,000

Moreover, healthcare facilities have experienced surgeons who have high accreditations and adhere to international standards, which they constantly adjust to the growing demands.

Since 2017, Turkey has adopted comprehensive laws to better protect its international medical tourists and support its growth. The healthcare system was supported by world-known universities and research institutes, with significant investments in high technologies. Notably, Turkey’s government shaped a robust, future-oriented health system, which the state funds significantly.

What about bariatric surgery, this area can boast of highly-trained surgeons with great expertise and credentials from prestigious universities. Some admit that healthcare services are much better in Turkish clinics than in the USA or European countries.

Turkish bariatric surgeons have accreditations from such organizations as:

• Joint Commission International (JCI)

• International Organization for Standardization (ISO)

• International Federation for the Surgery of Obesity

• American Board of Cosmetic Surgery

Many fat loss surgeons in Turkey have experience across different medical facilities in Turkey. As usual, they are members of the Turkish Obesity Surgery Society, World Obesity Association, and International Federation for the Surgery of Obesity, as well as the World Obesity Association and International Federation for the Surgery of Obesity.

Is Turkey good for weight loss?

Turkey has gained tremendous popularity and respect due to its top-level medical services, particularly in slimming procedure. It provides highly specialized medical specialists and outstanding clinics with all necessary medical licenses and certifications.

Many clinics offer all-inclusive packages of affordable prices that include preoperative consultations, all necessary examinations, surgery, hospital stay, post-operative treatment, accommodation, transfer, and 24/7 online support, making it a convenient choice for international patients.

Turkey surgeons perform about 40,000 weight reduction operations annually, with 80% of these surgeries done in private clinics.

For instance, according to the patients’ scores on our website, the most-rated clinic for fat loss surgery in Turkey is Hisar Intercontinental Hospital. This multi-specialty medical center has JCI certification, which means it meets the highest international standards of treatment quality and patient safety.

Another high-rated surgery clinic is Lokman Hekim Istanbul Hospital. It's a private multi-specialty medical center that offers high-quality weight reduction services. Moreover, it's JCI and DIN EN ISO 9001 certified by TÜV NORD CERT.

Is weight loss surgery in Turkey safe?

Weight loss operation in Turkey is safe as it offers a wide range of top-notch medical services, certified medical experts, and excellent medical facilities.

Many Turkish surgery clinic facilities have reputable surgeons who offer high-end medical care. You can also check their accreditation and certificates. Still, it's up to you to decide what doctor to consult and what clinic to choose.

Mind these aspects that define fat loss safety in Turkey:

• Available accreditations in clinics like JCI or ISO. Check patients' reviews.

• A number of weight-decrease operations done at the specific clinic, and their success rate was high.

• Surgeons’ credentials: look at specialists’ certifications in fat loss surgery.

• Availability of pre-and post-operative care.

• Availability of online consultation: it will ensure you’ll be in touch with a medical consultant or your doctor whenever you need help.

What requirements should I meet to have a weight loss procedure in Turkey?

To undergo bariatric surgery in Turkey, a patient should meet the following requirements:

• Have the required BMI (body mass index). A person should have a body mass index of at least 35 kg/m² and higher, or 30 and 35 as obesity related diseases.

• Have a required weight. To undergo a fat loss procedure, a patient should weigh less than 450 lbs (or 204 kg), which radiology equipment can withstand.

• Have concomitant diseases. Suppose you have at least one complication associated with obesity, such as type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, sleep apnea, or joint disorders. In that case, you'd better avoid fat loss surgery.

• Reach the defined age. A patient should be 18 years old minimum.

• Be in good health.

• Have regular follow-ups: Arrange long-term follow-ups after surgery, including lifestyle changes like maintaining healthy eating habits, regular check-ups, and following any physical activity.

• Having specific medical conditions. If you experience some diseases such as stomach infections, liver diseases, or cancer, you can’t have a weight reduction procedure.

In some cases, fat loss surgery may be applied for adolescents (between 14 and 20 years old) who have:

• BMI of 35-39.9 (Class II obesity), and any severe obesity related health issues (type 2 diabetes, heart disease, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, chronic kidney disease (CKD), fatty liver disease);

• BMI index of 40 or higher (Class III obesity) and any morbid obesity related diseases (high blood pressure, congestive heart failure, sleep disorder, shortness of breath, nerve pain, arthritis, back pain, heartburn, leg swelling, varicose veins, etc).

What are the key types of weight loss procedure in Turkey?

The most popular types of fat loss operations worldwide, and in Turkey mainly, are:

1. Gastric sleeve surgery.

Gastric sleeve surgery or sleeve gastrectomy removes most of a stomach (around 80%), leaving it tube-shaped. It's also known as a 'restrictive' procedure, as it restricts meal consumption. After the operation, a patient feels full after eating a small amount of food.

They feel less hungry because a smaller stomach produces a lower level of the 'hunger hormone' ghrelin. During the postoperative period, patients should follow a special diet, take vitamins, and slowly increase physical activity to maintain fat loss and overall well-being.

Gastric sleeve surgery is sometimes called a VSG surgery (vertical sleeve gastrectomy). As usual, a surgeon performs this operation laparoscopically by placing small instruments through multiple minor cuts in the upper part of the belly.

2. Gastric bypass surgery.

Gastric bypass surgery is also known as Roux-en-Y gastric bypass procedure. This surgical procedure is done in three steps:

• First, the surgeon staples the stomach, creating a small pouch in the upper section. It makes your stomach smaller, so a person eats less because of feeling full in a short time.

• Second, The surgeon attaches the pouch to the small intestine so the food bypasses the stomach and enters directly into the small intestine. Food will pass over most of the stomach and the upper part of the small intestine so that the body will absorb fewer calories.

• Third, the bariatric surgeon reconnects the upper part of the small intestine to a new location farther down on the lower part of the small intestine. It makes digestive juices flow from the bypassed part of the small intestine to the lower part of the small intestine. So the food can be fully digested. The changes in hormones, bacteria, and other substances in the gastrointestinal tract may affect appetite and metabolism.

3. Adjustable gastric band

A surgeon places an adjustable silicone band (the Lap-Band) around the upper part of the stomach. Only this operation is adjustable: the amount of food a person’s stomach can hold can be changed by adjusting the band's tightness around the stomach. It’s one of several types of bariatric surgery that restrict how much you can eat at one time (restrictive weight reduction).

The band is placed around the upper portion of the stomach, forming a ring. It is connected to a port that a surgeon places underneath the skin. The surgeon can also tighten the fit of the band by accessing the skin port and injecting saline fluid, enough to allow a small outlet between the upper part of your stomach and the lower one. So, when a person eats, this upper stomach pouch fills up quickly, making them feel fuller faster.

Non-surgical ways to lose weight

There are also non-surgical methods of slimming procedures that involve gastric balloons and gastric botox.

• The gastric balloon is a temporary way to treat obesity that helps you lose weight by reducing the stomach volume without surgical intervention. A doctor places a deflated balloon in the stomach using an endoscope to insert it through the mouth.

  The balloon is filled with saltwater and can be in the stomach for six months, then the doctor removes it. The idea is that this balloon leaves little room for large amounts of food. So, it helps a patient feel full faster after eating small meals by maintaining this feeling longer.

• Gastric botox is also an endoscopic procedure that helps people lose weight quickly. The gastric botox targets reducing the effects of the movements in the stomach so that the food intake is not crushed inside and stays in your stomach longer than usual, causing a full feeling. So, a patient can eat less than usual.

What is the best surgery in Turkey for weight loss?

Turkey provides a great combination of experienced bariatric surgeons, modern medical centers, and lower medical service prices than many European countries. So, it has become a popular destination for many patients worldwide to undergo weight loss surgeries.

There's no significant difference from the rest of the world that gastric sleeve in Turkey is the most popular slimming operation. It involves removing a substantial part of the stomach, reducing its size, thus limiting food intake. Statistics say that 15,800 bariatric surgical procedures were performed in Turkey in 2019.

Some research data show that the obesity rate in Turkish society was measured at 64.4% in 2017.

Other standard procedures are gastric bypass surgery and adjustable gastric banding.

Turkey is known for its high volume of bariatric surgeries, especially gastric sleeve, which are available for domestic and international patients. The percentage of people undergoing gastric surgery in Turkey may vary based on several factors, i.e., obesity rating and healthcare access in the country. Turkey has become one of the leading countries for weight reduction procedures, with thousands of surgeries performed annually.

How much does fat loss surgery cost in Turkey?

The cost of a weight loss journey in Turkey can vary depending on the type of procedure. A patient chooses to undergo a fat loss operation, the hospital, and the surgeon's expertise. Usually, prices range from around $3,000 to $10,000.

Such popular procedures as gastric sleeve and gastric bypass surgery are at a lower end of the price rate, while more complex surgeries may cost more. It’s also important to mind additional expenses such as pre-operative screening, post-operative care, and travel costs.

For instance, the price rate on our website indicates that gastric sleeve surgery in Turkey can cost starting from $3,000, gastric bypass procedure - from $3,516, and gastric banding - from $1,500.

What are the stages of the weight loss procedure?

Fat loss surgery involves the following steps, each of which is essential for achieving and sustaining weight decrease and ensuring overall health post-surgery:

1. Consultation. A patient meets with a healthcare provider, surgeon, dietitian, and psychologist. This step will help to discuss the most appropriate options, assess a person's eligibility, and discuss possible risks and benefits.

2. Preoperative preparation. This stage involves different medical evaluations and a nutritionist’s consultation. It’s possible to build up a pre-surgery fat loss program to ensure readiness for surgery.

3. Surgery. The choice of actual procedure depends on the medical prescriptions and patient’s requirements, such as selecting between gastric bypass, sleeve gastrectomy, or adjustable gastric banding.

4. Postoperative care. After the surgery, hospital stay is recommended for a patient for a healthcare provider to monitor their condition. It can involve managing pain, ensuring proper hydration, and a healthy diet during postoperative rehabilitation.

5. Recovery. Patients acclimatize after the surgery, i.e., moving through different dietary stages (from liquids to pureed and solid foods). This phase can last several weeks to months. For example, fast recovery can last four weeks, while long-term adjustment can last up to 1 year.

6. Long-term follow-up. A surgeon and healthcare providers arrange ongoing appointments with a patient to monitor progress, solve any postoperative complications, providing constant support.

7. Adopting new lifestyle habits. After fat loss surgery, patients should generally adhere to healthier eating habits and lifestyle by engaging in physical activities.

How much fat can be removed in Turkey?

The amount of fat that can be removed during weight reduction operation depends on the patient's overall health, body type, and the specific body area being treated. Surgeons recommend removing around 5 liters (or 11 pounds) in a single session to mitigate risks.

What BMI do you need for fat loss procedure in Turkey?

The body mass index helps determine a healthy body weight based on a patient's height and whether a patient is eligible for weight loss procedures.

Considering the general criteria for weight reduction, fat loss surgery requires a BMI of 40 or higher for morbid obesity-related health states or a BMI of 35 to 39.9 for severe obesity-related health conditions. However, specific demands can vary by clinic, so it's better to consult with the facility you choose for the surgery.

What are the advantages and disadvantages of fat loss surgery in Turkey?

Fat loss surgical intervention can have both benefits and drawbacks or complications. At a time, it can significantly improve the quality of life and help people lose weight quickly. Still, it can sometimes lead to post-surgery complications and nutritional changes. The procedure will be successful if patients are ready to change their lifestyle, including a diet plan and exercise routine.

► Pros of undergoing weight loss procedure

The advantages of weight loss operation are the following:

• Increasing lifespan. Some studies have indicated that bariatric surgery may increase longevity. Different aspects may affect it, such as the type of fat loss surgery, the patient's health state, and medical history.

• Eliminating cardiovascular disease. Overweight people are more likely to suffer from heart disease, stroke, and high blood pressure. This surgery will lower blood pressure and improve cholesterol levels, thus reducing the risk of heart disease and stroke.

• Mitigating type 2 diabetes. The procedure can improve blood sugar levels and insulin sensitivity by significantly reducing weight. For instance, gastric bypass procedures and sleeve gastrectomy are more effective in fighting diabetes.

• Solving respiratory problems. Sleep disorder, asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are common for people who are overweight. The reason is that excessive weight presses on the lungs and airways. Surgical weight reduction will improve the patient's breathing, reduce sleep apnea symptoms, and improve lung function.

• Improving self-image and confidence. People with obesity feel hopeless and have some physical limitations. It results in negative body image and low self-esteem, leading to depression and anxiety. Undergoing bariatric surgery with a combination of visiting mental health specialists will improve mental health.

► Cons of having weight reduction surgery

While there can be some disadvantages, including difficulties and complications after fat loss:

• Surgical risks. Infection, blood clots, and anesthesia complications are common problems for any surgical intervention.

• Difficulties with meals. During the post-surgery period, it may be difficult to absorb some nutrients. Also, patients can lack of receiving anough vitamin and mineral supplements.

• Lifestyle changes. Fixing the weight decrease results requires changes in meal consumption, i.e., maintaining balanced diet and taking up physical activities.

• Psychological pressure. Fat loss surgery isn't a quick fix for problems. For some patients, this surgery is a great stress and emotional challenge. So, it can lead to post-surgery issues like depression and body image issues.

How can I get a successful weight loss surgery in Turkey?

It's crucial to adhere to the following steps to undergo slimming surgery successfully and be sure of the outcomes:

• Do research and choose a reputable clinic. Surf the net to find a certified hospital with medical accreditation and bariatric surgery licenses. Check its success rate and patients' feedback.

• Arrange a consultation with a surgeon to ask all questions that matter to you before the surgery. Share your medical history, describe your health condition, and tell your fears and goals.

• Pass through all the needed medical evaluations and take tests to define whether you're eligible for this procedure and which weight reduction operation suits you.

• Get to know about all types of this surgical procedure in detail.

• Plan your trip, and choose the medical facility you want to undergo the procedure. Mind also post-operative care.

• Follow your surgeon's guidelines to ensure smooth postoperative recovery and promote weight loss.

• Do regular check-ups. Track your weight and note any changes you'll describe later during the follow-up with your surgeon.

How long do I have to stay in Turkey after liposuction?

After fat loss surgery, staying in Turkey for at least 7 to 10 days is recommended, and visiting a doctor for follow-ups is recommended to ensure a smooth recovery. During this period, a surgeon will assess your condition, monitor the healing process, and resolve any issues regarding the postoperative recovery. However, the duration can vary depending on your capabilities to withstand possible complications during the postoperative period.

All in all, staying in Turkey for at least two weeks is recommended to reduce swelling and bruising. This time will be enough to follow the recovery process and doctor's check-ups.

Is it worth taking weight loss medicine? Is there any risk?

Your health care provider can suggest a weight-loss drug in cases if you haven't been able to lose weight through diet and exercise and your body mass index is more than 30.

Prescription of fat-loss drugs that you can use for more than 12 weeks are called long-term use medicine. With a combination of lifestyle changes, these drugs can lead to more significant weight loss.

The US FDA (Food and Drug Administration) has approved six weight loss drugs.

Taking them for a year can lead to a loss of total body weight of 3% to 12%. This ratio can lead to essential health benefits like lowering blood pressure, blood sugar, and fat levels.

Weight reduction medicine can help lose a small amount of weight. But without changes in eating plan and exercise regime, most patients gain weight again after they stop taking the medicine.

These drugs have some side effects, like headaches, nausea, and bowel problems.

Some drugs may cause low blood sugar (hypoglycemia) in patients with diabetes. In some people, it may cause stomach pain and upset or make the heart beat faster. There were some cases of inflammation of the pancreas (acute pancreatitis).

Will some complications occur from weight loss surgery?

Weight loss surgery may have some complications, although many patients experience positive outcomes. Possible complications include:

1. Deficiency in nutrients. The procedure can impact nutrient absorption, resulting in vitamin and mineral deficiency.

2. Surgical risks. Any surgical intervention can include such risks as infection, bleeding, or complications from anesthesia.

3. Gastrointestinal problems. Some patients can experience nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea, especially after meal consumption.

4. Dumping syndrome. It may occur after particular operations like gastric sleeve procedure. It means rapid gastric emptying, accompanied by nausea, sweating, or dizziness after eating. Food drops from the stomach pouch into the small intestine without being digested. There is early and late dumping: the first happens 10 to 30 minutes after a meal, or 1 to 3 hours after eating in the second case.

5. Weight regain. Some bariatric patients can notice their weight returns over some time. It happens because of improper postoperative recovery, i.e., without changing their lifestyle habits and not maintaining a physical activity plan.

6. Bowel obstruction.

After the operation, it's normal for the bowel to form scars or bands. Forming scar tissue can lead to blockages.

Speaking to your surgeon before the operation about possible complications is essential to ensure proper and timely postoperative treatment.

Will I have “saggy” skin after the surgery?

Skin tightness issues after weight reduction surgery are common among patients with a significant fat loss ratio. Factors like age, elasticity, and procedure duration can influence skin conditions. So, it's better to ask a surgeon to find suitable options and strategies to tighten loose skin.

Surgery is often effective for those who want to lose weight quickly. Surgical operations like body reshaping offer noticeable and long-term results. Besides surgical ways to solve this problem, such as skin reduction surgery, there are non-surgical options.

Natural ways can firm skin after fat loss surgery. It's recommended to follow a well-balanced diet rich in essential nutrients as nutritional deficiencies can occur after 'reducing' the stomach. It involves eating foods rich in protein, vitamins, and minerals. It's necessary to take up sports, especially strength training. Building up your muscles can help tighten loose skin.

Also, it will help keep the skin well-moisturized to improve its elasticity. Drinking water regularly will keep the skin hydrated.

Will my illnesses get cured after weight loss surgery?

Weight loss surgery can improve and even resolve certain obesity-related illnesses, i.e., type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and sleep apnea. Many people experience positive health changes after surgery. Still, results can vary based on individual circumstances, including the type of operation, your overall health, and maintaining lifestyle changes after the surgery.

For example, weight-loss surgery treats type 2 diabetes by managing the body mass index and reducing food intake. Thus, a patient consumes less calories. Consequently, a patient's insulin resistance decreases, and it becomes easier to control sugar levels. Also, the surgery triggers gut hormones, leading to better metabolism.

Fat loss operation also reduces the production of the 'hunger hormone' ghrelin. At a time, it promotes GLP-1 hormone production, positively affecting insulin production. With more insulin, the body can move blood sugar into the cells for energy.

Will I have scars on my abdomen?

Scarring is natural for the body’s healing process. Many modern slimming procedures don't require incisions. Even laparoscopic bariatric surgery resulted in more minor, less noticeable scars that will fade over time.

Having abdominal scars depends on various factors, such as the procedure or injury you’re referring to, skin type, and body healing process. Surgical incisions often leave scars but can be improved visually over time.

Laparoscopic bariatric surgery is a perfect choice for people who are worried about weight loss surgery scars. This type of surgery is performed laparoscopically, with minimally invasive surgery. Small incisions are made while a tiny camera (laparoscope) guides the surgeon.

Compared to open surgery, laparoscopic bariatric surgery incisions are half an inch or less. The procedure requires a shorter recovery time, less pain, and a lower risk of complications.

Will I wake up from the anesthesia?

Yes, people wake up from anesthesia without any issues. Anesthesiologists carefully monitor you during the procedure to ensure your safety. After the surgery, you'll gradually return to consciousness. Patients wake up from anesthesia within a few minutes after the operation, while full recovery can take several minutes up to hours. After waking up from anesthesia, patients may experience some temporary side effects, such as nausea, dizziness, and confusion.

In some cases, patients experience a delayed wake-up process from anesthesia. But it's very seldom. It's called a delayed emergency when it takes longer than 30 to 60 minutes for a patient to regain consciousness. Still, it depends on the procedure type and anesthesia type used.

Reference list:

1. Average Monthly Weight Loss After Gastric Sleeve. Laparoscopic and Endoscopic Surgery Institute, P.C. Bariatric & General Surgery, Expert Care, Outstanding Results. Website: https://www.bariatricsmd.com/blog/2022/11/04/average-monthly-weight-loss-after-gastric-sleeve/

2. Gastric Band Surgery (Lap-Band). Cleveland Clinic. Website: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/17163-lap--band-surgery

3. Gastric Bypass Weight Loss: Essential Guide, Chart and Timeline. IBI Healthcare Institute. Website: https://www.ibihealthcare.com/bariatric/gastric-bypass-weight-loss-chart/#:~:text=Patients%20can%20expect%20to%20lose,pounds%20during%20the%20first%20month.

4. Bariatric Surgery. Cleveland Clinic. Website: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/bariatric-surgery

5. Halil Özgüç, Mustafa Narmanlı, Hakan Çırnaz.Turkish primary care physicians’ attitudes and knowledge of obesity and bariatric surgery: a survey study. Turkish Journal of Surgery. 2021 Sep 28;37(3):266–276.

6. The Expansion of Turkey’s Medical Tourism Industry. Voices in Bioethics. Vol. 8 (2022). Website: https://journals.library.columbia.edu/index.php/bioethics/article/view/9894

7. Güvenç Koçkaya, Fatma Betül Yenilmez, Gülpembe Ergin. Operational cost of obesity surgery in Turkey. Laparosc Endosc Surg Sci 2016;23(1):1-5.

8. Guvenc Kockaya, Ekin Begum Karahan, Sinem Oztopcu. A market research of obesity and bariatric surgery in Turkey and Tunisia. Health Economics and Management Review, 1, 37-47.